2010-01-22 15:23:15 +00:00
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libburnia-project.org Optical Media Rotisserie Recipes as of January 2010
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2010-01-22 12:32:59 +00:00
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Content:
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- TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook (CD-R, CD-RW)
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- SAO CD Cookbook (CD-R, CD-RW, pure audio or pure data only)
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- Overwriteable DVD Cookbook (DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, DVD-RW, BD-RE)
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- Sequential DVD-R[W] Cookbook
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- DVD+R[/DL] Cookbook
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- BD-R Cookbook
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Guided by reading mmc-r10a.pdf , O.8 "Write a Track"
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from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc/
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backed by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
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by reading spc3r23.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/spc3/
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by reading libburn/* from http://icculus.org/burn
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and by experiments with drives NEC ND-4570A, LG GSA-4082B, LITE-ON LTR48125S
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which used in part code from http://icculus.org/burn.
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For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Media type can be recognized by Current Profile from 46h GET CONFIGURATION.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.6.2.1)
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CD-R 0009h
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CD-RW 000ah
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The following topics are covered in this text:
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- About blank, appendable and finalized CD media
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- Writing a session to CD in TAO mode
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- Obtaining CD multi-session info for extending ISO-9660 filesystems
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- Obtaining a Table Of Content from CD
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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About blank, appendable and finalized CD media :
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CD media have to be blank or appendable in order to be writeable in TAO mode.
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The according status may be inquired by 51h READ DISC INFORMATION requesting
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Data Type 000b Standard Disc Information, where reply value Disc Status
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indicates:
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00b blank
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01b appendable
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10b finalized
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11b others (unsuitable for this recipe)
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22.3.1.4)
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CD-RW which are finalized or appendable may be blanked by command A1h BLANK
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with blanking types 000b "Blank the disc" or 001b "Minimally blank the disc".
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The Start Address/Track Number will be ignored so it may well be 0.
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Because the operation is long running it is advised to set the Immed bit and to
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watch the progress by commands 00h TEST UNIT READY and 03h REQUEST SENSE
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with DESC bit set to 0 for fixed format reply.
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It is done when 00h succeeds and 03h reports 0 in PROGRESS INDICATION
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(byte 1+2 in Table 22 = byte 16+17 SENSE KEY SPECIFIC in table 26).
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.2 BLANK)
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(spc3r23.pdf 4.5.2.4.4 table 22, 4.5.3 table 26,
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6.27 REQUEST SENSE, 6.33 TEST UNIT READY)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Writing a session to CD in TAO mode :
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The writing method for blank or appendable media is the same. A new session
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will get created automatically by the first track when it is written. If the
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media is blank then the new session will be the first and only one in the
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table of content. If the media is appendable then a new session will be
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appended to the existing sessions. In any case the new track will be the
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first one in the new session.
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Speed may be set by BBh SET CD SPEED parameter Drive Write Speed. Note that
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kbytes/sec means 1000 bytes/sec and not 1024/sec. Rotational control should
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be set to 00b. 1x CD speed is 176.4 kbytes/sec. Speed is usually set to the
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next lower possible value by the drive. So it is helpful to add a few
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kbytes/sec just in case the drive has rounding problems.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.37)
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Before writing can occur, a Write Parameters mode page 05h has to be composed
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and transmitted via 55h MODE SELECT. Mode page 05h describes several burn
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parameters:
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BUFE Buffer Underrun protection 0=off, 1=on
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Test Write -dummy mode for writing 0=off, 1=on
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Write Type Packet/TAO/SAO/RAW 01h = TAO
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Multi-session Whether to keep appendable 00b = finalize
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11b = keep appendable
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Track Mode Describes frame type 4 for data , 0 for audio
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Data Block Type Layout of payload blocks 8 for 2048 byte data blocks
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0 for 2352 byte audio blocks
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Audio Pause Length 150 = 2 seconds
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Any other parameters may be set to 0.
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Mode page data as of MMC-5 table 644 are preceded by a Mode Parameter Header
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as of SPC-3 table 240. This 8-byte header may be filled with zeros.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 7.5.4 The Mode Page, 4.2.3.4 Table 17 CONTROL = Track Mode)
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(spc3r23.pdf 6.8 MODE SELECT, 7.4.3 Mode parameter header formats)
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Writing has to begin at the address returned by 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION
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with Address/Number Type set to 01b and Logical Block Address/Track/Session
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Number set to FFh. The Next Writeable Address as of table 500 is the number
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to start writing with.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.27 )
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Writing is performed by one or more 2Ah WRITE transactions with the Logical
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Block Address counted up from the initial number in sync with the number of
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blocks written. I.e the Transfer Length of the previous 2Ah WRITE has to be
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added to the Logical Block Address for the next 2Ah WRITE. Only full blocks
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can be written.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.44)
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When writing is done, it is mandatory to force the drive's buffer to media by
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35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.41)
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A track must at least contain 300 payload blocks: 4 seconds of audio or
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600 KiB of data.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.1.2)
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Up to december 2009 the track was closed by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION Close
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Function 001b. Older MMC specifies a valid Logical Track Number FFh to depict
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the open track. MMC-5 is quite silent about this. FFh worked for my drives.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.1.2)
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This is omitted since libburn-0.7.4, relying entirely on 35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
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First appeared a drive where CLOSE TRACK fails in simulation mode, later
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another one produced error replies even with real burning.
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After that, a new track may be written beginning with sending the mode page 05h
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again. It is not tested whether 05h can be omitted if Track Mode and Data Block
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Type are the same as with the previous track.
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The new track will be added to the session which was opened by the first track.
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After the last track of a session, 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION Close Function 010b
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with Logical Track Number 0 closes the session. It depends on the Multi-Session
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value in mode page 05h whether the disc is finalized or stays appendable.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.1.3)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Obtaining CD multi-session info for extending ISO-9660 filesystems :
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Program mkisofs expects two numbers with its option -C which describe the
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situation on an appendable CD which already contains a ISO-9660 filesystem
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in the first track of the last session.
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The first number is the Logical Block Address of that track containing the
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existing ISO-9660 filesystem image. This number is needed for mkisofs option
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-M to connect to the existing image. The new image will refer to files in
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the previously existing image. mkisofs option -M needs read access to the
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CD or a blockwise copy of it on hard disk.
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The number is gained by 43h READ TOC/PMA/ATIP.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26)
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Untested is Format 0001b which in table 478 promises quick access via
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Start Address Of First Track In Last Session.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.2.5 table 478, 6.26.3.3.1)
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libburn gets the number from its Table Of Content model which is obtained
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by 43h READ TOC/PMA/ATIP, Format 0010b. See below.
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The second number is an exact prediction of the Logical Block Address of the
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new track which will contain the newly generated ISO-9660 image.
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Even without mkisofs option -M this second number is still needed to make the
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inner block address pointers of the image match the Logical Block Addresses
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on CD. For that one may inquire 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION with
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Address/Number Type set to 01b and Logical Block Address/Track/Session
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Number set to FFh. The Next Writeable Address as of table 500 is the number
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to use.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.27 )
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Obtaining a Table Of Content from CD :
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The structure of a CD is comprised of sessions. Each session contains one or
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more tracks and is followed by a lead-out. A track has an address and a length.
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Table of content information is gained by 43h READ TOC/PMA/ATIP, Format 0010b.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.2.5 table 478)
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The number of sessions is given by Last Complete Session Number.
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The number of TOC Track descriptors is: (TOC Data Length - 2)/11 .
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Each TOC Track Descriptor contains a Session Number.
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If POINT is >= 1 and <= 99 (63h) then the descriptor is about the track of
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which POINT tells the number.
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The start address of this track can be read from PMIN, PSEC, PFRAME where
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it is encoded in MSF format:
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blocks = frames - 150, 75 frames = 1 sec , 60 sec = 1 min.
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The length of the track is given by MIN,SEC,FRAME in the same format.
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If POINT = A0h then the descriptor tells in PMIN the first track number of its
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session.
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POINT = A1h tells in PMIN the last track number of its session.
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POINT = A2h describes in PMIN, PSEC, PFRAME the lead-out of a session, i.e the
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first address after the session's end. (Next writeable address typically is
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lead-out + 11400 after the first session, lead-out + 6900 after further
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sessions.)
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POINT = B0h tells in MIN,SEC,FRAME this next writeable address or FFh,FFh,FFh
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for finalized disc.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.3.4 table 489, 4.2.3.7 Mode-1 Q, Mode-5 Q)
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In libburn the address of the first track in the last session is obtained from
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the last session's POINT = A0h and from the track descriptor with the POINT
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value matching the PMIN value of the A0h descriptor.
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Untested is whether POINT = B0h and 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION are always in
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sync. libburn uses the info provided by 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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SAO CD Cookbook
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Guided by reading libburn/* from http://icculus.org/burn
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backed by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
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and by experiments with drives NEC ND-4570A, LG GSA-4082B, LITE-ON LTR48125S
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which used in part code from http://icculus.org/burn.
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For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Recognition of media type and state (blank, appendable, finalized) is as
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described in the TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook. See there.
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The MMC specs do not give much hint about the combination of SAO and
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multi-session. My drives refused not only on a few experiments which i did
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in libburn but also failed with cdrecord -sao on an appendable CD.
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So for now only blank CD seem to be suitable for SAO writing.
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Different from TAO mode, the whole session layout is announced to the drive by
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sending a Cue Sheet. This implies that the sizes of the tracks have to be known
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in advance, which is a heavy drawback when dealing with track data sources like
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stdin, named pipes or sockets.
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Nevertheless, SAO seems to be best writing mode for audio purposes, as our
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audio expert Lorenzo Taylor found out.
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A SAO session in libburn may either consist entirely of audio tracks or
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entirely of data tracks. For mixed sessions, only TAO is usable yet.
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- Composing a SAO CD Cue Sheet (either audio or data, but not mixed)
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- Writing the prepared SAO CD session
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- What is known about mixed mode sessions
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Composing a Cue Sheet (either audio or data, but not mixed) :
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The Cue Sheet will get submitted to the drive by 5Dh SEND CUE SHEET.
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Each entry of the sheet is of 8 bytes size. Its fields are named
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CTL|ADR, TNO, INDEX, DATA FORM, SCMS, MIN, SEC, FRAME .
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.33)
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CTL is 40h for data and 00h for audio.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.33.3.4)
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ADR is always 01h.
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TNO is the track number (1 to 99).
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INDEX is a subaddress within tracks. This recipe uses only INDEX 01h within
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tracks.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.2.3.5.2)
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DATA FORM is 00h for audio payload , 10h for data. (01h for audio pause is not
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used in libburn).
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.33.3.11 CD-DA Data Form, 6.33.3.12 CD-ROM mode 1 Form)
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SCMS is always 00h.
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MIN, SEC, FRAME give the MSF address where the described data entity starts.
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LBA = frames - 150, 75 frames = 1 sec , 60 sec = 1 min.
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This address must increase from entry to entry (or at least stay equal).
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The first entry describes the Lead-in. Its content is
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(CTL|ADR ,00h,00h,01h,00h,00h,00h,00h)
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With the CTL|ADR for the first track: 41h for data, 01h for audio.
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The LBA for the first write is negative: -150. This corresponds to MSF address
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00h:00h:00h. All addresses are to be given in MSF format.
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The first information track on disc is preceded by a pause encoding of 2 sec:
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(CTL|ADR,01h,00h, DATA FORM ,00h,00h,00h,00h)
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with DATA FORM = 00h for audio and 10h for data. By those 2 seconds the MSF
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address increases to 00h:02h:00h = LBA 0.
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Each track is represented by an entry
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(CTL|ADR, TNO ,01h,DATA FORM,00h, MIN , SEC , FRAME)
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TNO gives the track number. MIN, SEC, FRAME give the MSF address which becomes
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the start address of the track. The MSF address is then increased by the size
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of the track (to be used with next track or with lead-out).
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A track must at least contain 300 payload blocks: 4 seconds of audio or
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600 KiB of data.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.33.3.6)
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At the end of the session there is a lead-out entry
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(CTL|ADR,AAh,01h,01h,00h,MIN,SEC,FRAME)
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marking the end of the last track. (With libburn CTL is as of the last track.)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Writing the prepared session :
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Speed may be set by BBh SET CD SPEED parameter Drive Write Speed. Note that
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kbytes/sec means 1000 bytes/sec and not 1024/sec. Rotational control should
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be set to 00b. 1x CD speed is 176.4 kbytes/sec. Speed is usually set to the
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next lower possible value by the drive. So it is helpful to add a few
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kbytes/sec just in case the drive has rounding problems.
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|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.37)
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A Write Parameters mode page 05h has to be composed and transmitted via
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55h MODE SELECT. This page describes the following parameters:
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BUFE Buffer Underrun protection 0=off, 1=on
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Test Write -dummy mode for writing 0=off, 1=on
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Write Type Packet/TAO/SAO/RAW 02h = SAO
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Multi-session Whether to keep appendable 00b = finalize
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11b = keep appendable
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Track Mode Describes frame type 0 (is ignored)
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Data Block Type Layout of payload blocks 0 (is ignored)
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Audio Pause Length 150 = 2 seconds (ignored ?)
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Any other parameters may be set to 0.
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Mode page data as of MMC-5 table 644 are preceded by a Mode Parameter Header
|
|
|
|
as of SPC-3 table 240. This 8-byte header may be filled with zeros.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 7.5.4 The Mode Page, 4.2.3.4 Table 17 CONTROL = Track Mode)
|
|
|
|
(spc3r23.pdf 6.8 MODE SELECT, 7.4.3 Mode parameter header formats)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Cue Sheet is submitted to the drive by 5Dh SEND CUE SHEET. Cue Sheet Size
|
|
|
|
is 8 times the number of entries.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.33)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing is performed by multiple 2Ah WRITE transactions with the Logical
|
|
|
|
Block Address counted up from the initial number in sync with the number of
|
|
|
|
blocks written. I.e the Transfer Length of the previous 2Ah WRITE has to be
|
|
|
|
added to the Logical Block Address for the next 2Ah WRITE. Only full blocks
|
|
|
|
can be written.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.44)
|
|
|
|
Writing begins at LBA -150 which is to be transmitted as 4-byte, Big-endian,
|
|
|
|
two's-complement. E.g: -150 = FFh FFh FFh 6Ah. This is the natural form found
|
|
|
|
with about any 32-bit processor, so only the endianness has to be taken into
|
|
|
|
respect when converting a 32-bit integer into a LBA for command 2Ah WRITE.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At first the mandatory pause preceding the first track has to be written as
|
|
|
|
150 blocks of the matching sector size: 2048 for data, 2352 for audio.
|
|
|
|
By this, the LBA increases from -150 to 0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Next the tracks' payload is sent. For each track exactly the number of blocks
|
|
|
|
has to be transmitted as is announced in the Cue Sheet by the difference
|
|
|
|
of the track's own start address and the start address of the next entry in
|
|
|
|
the Cue Sheet. After each write the LBA for the next write has to be increased
|
|
|
|
by the number of blocks transmitted. Just like with TAO writing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There is no separator between the tracks of a pure mode SAO session.
|
|
|
|
(If the session was mixed mode, there would be extended Pre-gaps and Post-gaps
|
|
|
|
between data mode tracks and audio mode tracks.)
|
|
|
|
(libburn sends its own buffer to the drive at the end of each track but does
|
|
|
|
not sync the drive's chache. It is unclear whether this separation of tracks
|
|
|
|
on the level of 2Ah WRITE is necessary with a pure mode session. It does not
|
|
|
|
harm in any case and would probably be unavoidable if audio and data tracks
|
|
|
|
were mixed.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When writing of all tracks is done, it is mandatory to force the drive's buffer
|
|
|
|
to media by 35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No further finalization is necessary. (I.e. no 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
What is known about mixed mode sessions :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For now, SAO sessions with a mix of data and audio are not supported in
|
|
|
|
libburn. Here are the reasons why.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Obviously the code of http://icculus.org/burn is incomplete in this aspect.
|
|
|
|
In mmc5r03c.pdf comparison of table 555 and 6.33.3.18 seems self-contradicting.
|
|
|
|
(The second Pre-gap in table 555 does not match any of the criteria of
|
|
|
|
6.33.3.18. Also, there is no Post-gap shown in table 555 although 6.33.3.19
|
|
|
|
would prescribe some.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If a data track follows an audio track then the data track gets a preceding
|
|
|
|
extended Pre-gap:
|
|
|
|
(CTL|ADR, TNO ,01h,DATA FORM,00h, MIN , SEC , FRAME)
|
|
|
|
with TNO already the number of the data track. The MSF address is to be
|
|
|
|
increased by 3 seconds. The first second of the extended Pre-gap needs to be
|
|
|
|
written in the audio track's mode and the other 2 seconds are to be written
|
|
|
|
in the data track's mode.
|
|
|
|
(libburn compares DATA FORM rather than burn_track.mode . Wrong ?)
|
|
|
|
(libburn currently does only 2 seconds and the second part of Pre-gap. There is
|
|
|
|
an issue with burn_track.pregap1 about this. Seems libburn mistakes the pause
|
|
|
|
preceding track 1 for a part 2 of an extended Pre-gap.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If a data track is followed by an audio track then it gets a Post-gap of at
|
|
|
|
least two seconds.
|
|
|
|
No example of Post-gap is given for Cue Sheet. Maybe it is to be added to the
|
|
|
|
track, or maybe it gets an own Cue Sheet entry ... who knows ?
|
|
|
|
(libburn contains write code for pregap1, pregap2 and postgap. But only
|
|
|
|
pregap2 ever gets activated. Once hackingly for the first 2 second pause, once
|
|
|
|
incompletely for a change of DATA FORM.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seems nobody ever tested this. Libburnia simply knows no use case where the
|
|
|
|
correctness of Pre-gap and Post-gap would become evident.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Overwriteable DVD Cookbook
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Inspired by Andy Polyakov's http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools ,
|
|
|
|
backed by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
|
|
|
|
by own experiments with drives NEC ND-4570A, LG GSA-4082B, PHILIPS SPD3300L,
|
|
|
|
LG GGW H20L, and by BD-RE experiments done by Giulio Orsero on LG BE06LU10.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Media type can be recognized by Current Profile from 46h GET CONFIGURATION.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.6.2.1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DVD-RAM 0012h
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite 0013h
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW Sequential Recording 0014h (i.e. unformatted)
|
|
|
|
DVD+RW 001Ah
|
|
|
|
BD-RE 0043h
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A short compilation of the write model:
|
|
|
|
- Overwriting in general
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The recipes described here are depending on formatting state:
|
|
|
|
- DVD-RAM, fully formatted DVD+RW, DVD-RW, BD-RE
|
|
|
|
- Unformatted DVD+RW
|
|
|
|
- Partly formatted DVD+RW
|
|
|
|
- Unformatted DVD-RW
|
|
|
|
- Partly formatted DVD-RW
|
|
|
|
- Intermediate state DVD-RW
|
|
|
|
- DVD-RAM and BD-RE formatting
|
|
|
|
- DVD-RAM and BD-RE speed tuning
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slightly off topic are
|
|
|
|
- ISO 9660 multi-session emulation on overwriteable media
|
|
|
|
- ISO 9660 based TOC emulation on overwriteable media
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Overwriting in general :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depending on media type, some kind of formatting has to have happened before
|
|
|
|
data can be written. Formatting may happen separately from writing or
|
|
|
|
simultaneously. See the particular recipes below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No Write Parameters mode page 05h is to be sent. Speed can be influenced by
|
|
|
|
B6h SET STREAMING , speed capabilities can be inquired by ACh GET PERFORMANCE.
|
|
|
|
It is advised to set only speeds and sizes which are returned by ACh.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.39 SET STREAMING, 6.8 GET PERFORMANCE)
|
|
|
|
Optimal performance is promised without any speed setting. But my experiments
|
|
|
|
showed that SET STREAMING values persist after media change.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the formatted area of the media, coarse random access is possible.
|
|
|
|
For DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, BD-RE write addresses and data size need to be aligned
|
|
|
|
to 2 KiB. For DVD-RW alignment has to be 32 KiB. Within these limitations
|
|
|
|
the write address is at the discretion of the sending program.
|
|
|
|
Just use 2Ah WRITE to send data.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.44)
|
|
|
|
When writing is done, it is mandatory to force the drive's buffer to media by
|
|
|
|
35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The size of the formatted area can be inquired by 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES.
|
|
|
|
The Number Of Blocks value in the Current/Maximum Capacity Descriptor gives
|
|
|
|
this size in 2 KiB blocks. But this is true only if Descriptor Type is 10b
|
|
|
|
("Formatted Media").
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.24.3.2.1, 6.24.3.2.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not yet formatted areas may be completely forbidden or they may be allowed for
|
|
|
|
sequential writing (DVD-RW Intermediate state) or they may be allowed for
|
|
|
|
random access only after the necessary waiting time for formatting to reach
|
|
|
|
the desired address (DVD+RW with background formatting active).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Already written areas can be overwritten without special precaution.
|
|
|
|
Blanking a DVD-RW actually destroys its formatting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Most of the concepts usually expressed in Write Parameters mode page 05h do not
|
|
|
|
apply to the recipes here: Test-Write, Buffer Underrun protection,
|
|
|
|
Multi-session, Write Type, Block Type, Track Mode, ...
|
|
|
|
There are hints for multi-session formats with DVD-RW but both of my drives
|
|
|
|
do not offer "Add Session" Format Types 12h or 14h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.7 , 6.5.4.2.9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caution: Drive and media compatibility seems still to be quite an adventure.
|
|
|
|
If you experience problems, especially problems with readability, then try
|
|
|
|
different drives and media brands. Failure does not necessarily mean that the
|
|
|
|
software did anything wrong.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
DVD-RAM, fully formatted DVD+RW, DVD-RW, BD-RE :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full format is the natural state of DVD-RAM.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BD-RE are sold unformatted and need to be fully formatted first.
|
|
|
|
See paragraph about DVD-RAM and BD-RE formatting below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DVD+RW reaches this state if Background Formatting is allowed to finish without
|
|
|
|
being stopped by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5 FORMAT UNIT, 6.5.4.2.14 Format Type = 26h)
|
|
|
|
The formatting state of a DVD+RW may be inquired by 51h READ DISC INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
requesting Data Type 000b "Standard Disc Information". In the reply,
|
|
|
|
BG Format 3 indicates fully formatted media.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22.3.1.13)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW reaches this state either by Format Type 00h (or 10h) with maximum
|
|
|
|
size given as Number Of Blocks, or by writing sequentially until the disc is
|
|
|
|
completely full into an intermediate session opened by format 15h resp. 13h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5 FORMAT UNIT, 6.5.4.2.1, 6.5.4.2.10, 6.5.4.2.8)
|
|
|
|
A fully formatted DVD-RW can be recognized by 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES. The
|
|
|
|
Descriptor Type of the Current/Maximum Capacity Descriptor is 10b ("Formatted
|
|
|
|
Media") and 0 blocks are offered with Format Types 13h or 11h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.24.3.2.1, 6.24.3.3)
|
|
|
|
See also discussion of unformatted or partially formatted DVD-RW below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In fully formatted state there is no need for any formatting before writing nor
|
|
|
|
for any finalizing other than forcing the drive's buffer to media by
|
|
|
|
35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE (which is mandatory for writing, anyway).
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(It seems to do no harm to send to DVD+RW or DVD-RW a 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION
|
|
|
|
with Close Function 010b despite there is no session open in this scenario.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Unformatted DVD+RW :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is the state of previously unused DVD+RW media.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The formatting state of a DVD+RW may be inquired by 51h READ DISC INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
requiring Data Type 000b "Standard Disc Information".
|
|
|
|
In the reply, BG Format 0 indicates unformatted media (or unsuitable media).
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22.3.1.13)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formatting has to be started by command 04h FORMAT UNIT, Format Type 26h.
|
|
|
|
Different from other format types, 26h allows to send a fantasy size of
|
|
|
|
0xffffffff blocks and does not require the caller to know the exact maximum
|
|
|
|
size offered with that format.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5 FORMAT UNIT, 6.5.4.2.14 Format Type = 26h)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As its name suggests, one has not to wait for background formatting to end
|
|
|
|
but may very soon start writing as on formatted media. Random access to
|
|
|
|
yet unformatted areas can last long, though.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If backup formatting has been started at the beginning of the session, then
|
|
|
|
it may get stopped after the final cache sync by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION
|
|
|
|
with Close Function 010b.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.6)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formatting of DVD+RW is called "de-icing" because unformatted areas offer
|
|
|
|
no hold for random access addressing and are thus slippery like ice. One can
|
|
|
|
also see a color change from shiny unformatted to more dull formatted media.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Partly formatted DVD+RW :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This state is achieved by stopping background formatting before the media
|
|
|
|
was completely formmatted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The formatting state of a DVD+RW is obtained by 51h READ DISC INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
requiring Data Type 000b "Standard Disc Information".
|
|
|
|
In the reply, BG Format 1 indicates partly formatted media.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22.3.1.13)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the data of the session surely fit into the formatted area, then it would
|
|
|
|
be unnecessary to restart background formatting.
|
|
|
|
But in order to make the DVD+RW surely accept its maximum number of bytes,
|
|
|
|
formatting may be restarted by command 04h FORMAT UNIT, Format Type 26h,
|
|
|
|
with the Restart bit set and Number of Blocks set to 0xffffffff.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5 FORMAT UNIT, 6.5.4.2.14 Format Type = 26h)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From then on, the same rules apply as for previously unformatted DVD+RW.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Unformatted DVD-RW (media profile is 0014h) :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This state is present with previously unused media. It is also present with
|
|
|
|
media blanked by programs cdrecord, wodim or dvd+rw-format and with media which
|
|
|
|
were sequentially written from blank state.
|
|
|
|
Profile transition from formatted 0013h to unformatted 0014h is done by
|
|
|
|
A1h BLANK.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.2)
|
|
|
|
Experiments on my drives indicate that only Blanking Type 000b "Blank the disc"
|
|
|
|
achieves neat media. Media blanked via type 001b offer no feature 0021h and
|
|
|
|
stall cdrecord or libburn already when those media get examined. growisofs can
|
|
|
|
burn them - but only via DAO (feature 002Fh which prescribes Write Type 2).
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 5.3.11, 5.3.25)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For becoming overwriteable such media need to be treated by command 04h FORMAT
|
|
|
|
UNIT.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5)
|
|
|
|
The Format Type has to be chosen from the list replied by 23h READ FORMAT
|
|
|
|
CAPACITIES. Suitable are Format Types 00h, 10h, 15h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.24)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Format Types 00h and 10h provide a writeable area of a size given by Number of
|
|
|
|
Blocks. Type 00h seems to be the most traditional and complete one. It needs
|
|
|
|
no closing of a session at the end of writing.
|
|
|
|
The Number Of Blocks may be at most the value reported by 23h READ FORMAT
|
|
|
|
CAPACITIES in the entry for the desired format type. Full format is achieved
|
|
|
|
by sending exactly the reported value.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5.4.2.1 Format Type = 00h, 6.5.4.2.5 Format Type = 10h)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Format Type 15h provides a writeable area of given size too, but this area can
|
|
|
|
be expanded by sequential writing and afterwards marked as overwriteable by
|
|
|
|
closing the session. It is even allowed to format with size 0 and to leave
|
|
|
|
the size claim entirely to a sequential write process beginning at LBA 0.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5.4.2.10 Format Type = 15h)
|
|
|
|
When writing is done and cache is synced, one should send 5Bh CLOSE TRACK
|
|
|
|
SESSION with Close Function 010b in order to bring the session out of
|
|
|
|
Intermediate state.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.3)
|
|
|
|
If not written up to the last 32 KiB block, the DVD-RW is only partly formatted
|
|
|
|
after that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Partly formatted DVD-RW (media profile is 0013h) :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This state is achieved by formatting a DVD-RW with a number of blocks which
|
|
|
|
is less than offered for the Format Type by the drive's reply to 23h READ
|
|
|
|
FORMAT CAPACITIES. If the media was most recently formatted by Format Types
|
|
|
|
015h or 013h then it must have got written some bytes and afterwards treated
|
|
|
|
by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION, 010b in order to be partly formatted.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.3 CLOSE TRACK SESSION 010b, 6.24 READ FORMAT CAPACITIES)
|
|
|
|
Elsewise the media is in Intermediate state. See below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A partly formatted DVD-RW can be recognized by 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES. The
|
|
|
|
Descriptor Type of the Current/Maximum Capacity Descriptor is 10b ("Formatted
|
|
|
|
Media") and the Number Of Blocks with formats 00h, 10h or 15h is larger than the
|
|
|
|
currently formatted size, resp. more than 0 blocks are offered with Format
|
|
|
|
Types 13h or 11h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.24.3.2.1, 6.24.3.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If the data of the session surely fit into the formatted area, then it would
|
|
|
|
be unnecessary to do any further formatting.
|
|
|
|
But in order to make the DVD-RW surely accept its maximum number of bytes,
|
|
|
|
partial formatting may be expanded by command 04h FORMAT UNIT, Format Type 13h,
|
|
|
|
which is supposed to be offered by the drive in this state. This brings the
|
|
|
|
session again into Intermediate state and thus allows expansion by sequential
|
|
|
|
writing. As with Format Type 15h it is ok to set Number Of Blocks to 0, so that
|
|
|
|
no fixed size formatting work is done and writing can begin soon after.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5.4.2.8 Format Type = 13h)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When writing is done and cache is synced, one should send 5Bh CLOSE TRACK
|
|
|
|
SESSION with Close Function 010b in order to bring the session out of
|
|
|
|
Intermediate state.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.3)
|
|
|
|
If not written up to the last 32 KiB block, the DVD-RW is only partly formatted
|
|
|
|
after that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Format Type 13h has been tested only with expanding sessions formatted by 15h.
|
|
|
|
Nevertheless it is offered with sessions from 00h and 10h, too.
|
|
|
|
According to the specs, Format Type 11h would expand a session by a fixed
|
|
|
|
size. This has not been tested yet because it is less appealing than 13h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5.4.2.6 Format Type = 11h)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Intermediate state DVD-RW (media profile is 0013h) :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This state is achieved by formatting a DVD-RW with Format Type 15h or 13h
|
|
|
|
without subsequentially writing data and sending 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION
|
|
|
|
with Close Function 010b.
|
|
|
|
Such media behave very unpleasing with my DVD-ROM drive under Linux 2.4 ide-cd.
|
|
|
|
One should therefore better avoid to release media in this state.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This state can be recognized by 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES. The Descriptor Type
|
|
|
|
of the Current/Maximum Capacity Descriptor is 11b ("Unknown Capacity") and
|
|
|
|
no formats 13h or 11h are offered.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.24.3.2.1, 6.24.3.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One may treat such media as if Format Type 15h or 13h had been freshly applied.
|
|
|
|
I.e. sequential writing from LBA 0. After cache sync bring the session out
|
|
|
|
of Intermediate state by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION with Close Function 010b.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
DVD-RAM and BD-RE formatting :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Although DVD-RAM usually are sold formatted, there may still arise the wish
|
|
|
|
to adjust formatting.
|
|
|
|
BD-RE are sold unformatted and need to be formatted prior to usage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two format types are relevant for DVD-RAM : 00h and 01h.
|
|
|
|
00h offers the default size format and usually a maximum payload size format.
|
|
|
|
Even with that maximum size payload there is hardware defect management.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.1.2)
|
|
|
|
01h allows to convert payload capacity into spare blocks for defect
|
|
|
|
managment. There is no way to increase payload capacity by format 01h.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.2.1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
With BD-RE there are three format types : 00h, 30h and 31h.
|
|
|
|
00h offers the default size format. This may be the only fast formatting
|
|
|
|
mode that is offered by the drive.
|
|
|
|
Feature 0023h tells whether format 31h and certain 30h subtypes are available.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 5.3.13)
|
|
|
|
30h offers several sizes with defect management. Usually there are three
|
|
|
|
sizes given: #1: default size, #2: maximum spare area, #3: minimal spare.
|
|
|
|
One may demand any spare size between maximum and minimum. There may be quick
|
|
|
|
certification and full certification. See feature 0023h.
|
|
|
|
31h offers a single size and disables defect management. This has the side
|
|
|
|
effect to speed up writing to nominal speed.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.15, 6.24.3.3, Table 472)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Only format sizes from the list of format descriptors are permissible
|
|
|
|
for DVD-RAM. The format list can be obtained by 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES.
|
|
|
|
It also includes a description of the current formatting state.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.24, 6.24.3.2, 6.24.3.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formatting is done by command 04h FORMAT UNIT. Its data payload consists
|
|
|
|
of a Format List Header and a Format Descriptor. It is advisable to set
|
|
|
|
the Immed bit and the FOV bit in header byte number 1. The descriptor should
|
|
|
|
be a copy of a descriptor from 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5, 6.5.3.2, 6.5.3.3)
|
|
|
|
With nearly all formats Sub-type should be set to 0. But with BD-RE formats
|
|
|
|
30h and 31h the Sub-type selects the certification mode.
|
|
|
|
Usable with 30h seem 10b Full Certification and 11b Quick Certification.
|
|
|
|
Usable with 31h seem also 00b Quick Reformat and 01b No Certification.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.15.1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other format types have their certification intensity controlled by
|
|
|
|
a pair of bits: CmpList and DCRT.
|
|
|
|
CmpList resides in CDB byte 1 as bit 3. DCRT resides in the payload byte 1
|
|
|
|
as bit 5. Both together should request a quick size change without lengthy
|
|
|
|
certification but maintaining the list of known defects.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5, table 249, 6.5.3.2)
|
|
|
|
With DVD-RAM on my PHILIPS SPD3300L drive they prevent any format size
|
|
|
|
change though. The TSSTcorp SH-S203B works properly.
|
|
|
|
With BD-RE format 00h, the default is specified to be Quick Reformat,
|
|
|
|
and with 00h in general certification can only be disabled not enabled.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.1.7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
DVD-RAM and BD-RE tuning :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A special aspect of DVD-RAM and BD-RE is their low speed with write operations,
|
|
|
|
which usually is only half than the nominal speed of media and drive.
|
|
|
|
This is blamed to the automatic checkreading which happens for managing
|
|
|
|
eventual defects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defect management of BD-RE can be disabled by format type 31h. See above.
|
|
|
|
There is no drive known yet which would apply command 2Ah WRITE10 to DVD-RAM
|
|
|
|
with full speed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The only known way to get full speed from DVD-RAM or BD-RE with enabled defect
|
|
|
|
management is the use of AAh WRITE12 with Streaming Bit set to 1.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.45)
|
|
|
|
With some DVD-RAM drives this fails if a write buffer is not full 32 kB.
|
|
|
|
With the tested BD-RE one must write full 64 kB buffers, or else writing
|
|
|
|
might not get into effect at all.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Although it seems not optimal, this is specified not only to disable the
|
|
|
|
cumbersome checkread but also to ignore known defects and to write data
|
|
|
|
to these defective addresses.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.8.5)
|
|
|
|
So the speed-up is only advisable as long as the media are free of
|
|
|
|
incorrectable errors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caveat:
|
|
|
|
MMC-5 does not guarantee AAh WRITE12 to work on DVD-RAM or BD-RE at all.
|
|
|
|
None of the features of profiles 0012h and 0043h promises the existence of
|
|
|
|
AAh WRITE12.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 5.4.13, 6.45)
|
|
|
|
Nevertheless it worked on all tested drives if proper alignment and block
|
|
|
|
size was observed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
ISO 9660 multi-session emulation on overwriteable media :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overwriteable media provide a single overwriteable track which may grow up to
|
|
|
|
the full media capacity. There is no builtin table-of-content which records
|
|
|
|
the history of write sessions.
|
|
|
|
mount -t iso9660 will use sbsector=0 as default.
|
|
|
|
The term "superblock" shall depict the first 64 KiB after the sbsector address.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISO 9660 multi-session depends on typical TOC information in two ways:
|
|
|
|
It needs the superblock address MSC1 of the most recently recorded session and
|
|
|
|
it needs the Next Writeable Address NWA for which to prepare the adress offset.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following is learned from growisofs and from ECMA-119:
|
|
|
|
http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-119.pdf
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISO 9660 filesystems provide information about the number of sectors which
|
|
|
|
is also the lowest unused block address and thus a suitable NWA.
|
|
|
|
This block address is stored in the Primary Volume Descriptor which is supposed
|
|
|
|
to be stored in block 16 (eventually relative to MSC1).
|
|
|
|
The bytes 0 to 5 of a PVD block are
|
|
|
|
0x01 'C' 'D' '0' '0' '1'
|
|
|
|
The sector count can then be read from byte 80 to 83
|
|
|
|
sectors= pvd[80] | (pvd[81] << 8) | (pvd[82] << 16) | (pvd[83] << 24);
|
|
|
|
(Ecma-119.pdf 8.4)
|
|
|
|
To support CD, DVD and BD media alike, it is advisable to round the NWA
|
|
|
|
to the next multiple of 32 (= 64 KiB).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
So one can use 0 as MSC1 and prepare a new ISO session for the computed NWA.
|
|
|
|
After writing the session it is necessary to patch the PVD at LBA 16.
|
|
|
|
The minimal change would be to update the number of image sectors.
|
|
|
|
It is stored in both notations LSB and MSB:
|
|
|
|
for(i= 0; i < 4; i++)
|
|
|
|
pvd[87 - i]= pvd[80 + i]= (sectors >> (8 * i)) & 0xff;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cdrskin --grow_overwriteable_iso not only patches the sector fields of the
|
|
|
|
PVD block but also the blocks up to LBA 31 which begin with
|
|
|
|
0xff 'C' 'D' '0' '0' '1'
|
|
|
|
libisoburn submits 64 KiB data buffer to libisofs before image generation and
|
|
|
|
afterwards writes these 64 KiB as new superblock to LBA 0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
ISO 9660 based TOC emulation on overwriteable media :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Above method of multi-session emulation yields a single session image after
|
|
|
|
each add-on session. No reliable session history can be read because the
|
|
|
|
sector size of the existing session gets overwritten by the new one.
|
|
|
|
A TOC with session history is nevertheless desirable with incremental backups
|
|
|
|
in order to access older backup states by mounting older superblocks at the
|
|
|
|
start addresses of older sessions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All usual ISO 9660 formatter programs write a complete superblock to the
|
|
|
|
start of each session.
|
|
|
|
With a uniform NWA rounding rule it is possible to compute the address of
|
|
|
|
superblock N+1 as the NWA after session N. The only problem is N=1
|
|
|
|
because it gets overwritten by later sessions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
libisoburn preserves the information of session 1 by writing the first session
|
|
|
|
to LBA 32 rather than LBA 0. Afterwards it writes the overall superblock to
|
|
|
|
LBA 0 (up to 31).
|
|
|
|
So with all further add-on sessions the superblock at LBA 0 will enclose the
|
|
|
|
overall image, while the superblocks of the sessions form a chain beginning
|
|
|
|
at LBA 32. Each session superblock points to the next one by its sector count
|
|
|
|
rounded up to 32. The chain end is marked by the overall image size.
|
|
|
|
This chain gives the start addresses of sessions. The sector count minus start
|
|
|
|
address gives the size of a particular session. ECMA-119 explains how to
|
|
|
|
retrieve more info from the PVD (e.g. the volume id).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See also the multi-session example in libisofs/doc/checksums.txt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Sequential DVD-R[W] Cookbook
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Inspired by Andy Polyakov's http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools ,
|
|
|
|
backed by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
|
|
|
|
and by experiments with drives NEC ND-4570A and LG GSA-4082B.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Media type can be recognized by Current Profile from 46h GET CONFIGURATION.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.6.2.1)
|
|
|
|
DVD-R 0011h
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite 0013h
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW Sequential Recording 0014h
|
|
|
|
(DVD-R/DL Sequential Recording 0015h untested, might be single-session only)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are two approaches for writing to sequential DVD-R[W]: DAO and
|
|
|
|
Incremental. Not all media and drives offer Incremental which allows
|
|
|
|
multi-session as with CD media and does not demand a predicted track size.
|
|
|
|
DAO seems to be the older method. It allows only one single session and
|
|
|
|
track and it demands an exactly predicted track size.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- About overwriteable, blank, appendable and finalized DVD-R[W] media
|
|
|
|
- Incremental writing
|
|
|
|
- DAO writing
|
|
|
|
- Obtaining DVD-R[W] multi-session info for extending ISO-9660 filesystems
|
|
|
|
- Obtaining a Table Of Content from DVD-R[W]
|
|
|
|
- Hearsay about DVD-R/DL (Dual Layer)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
About overwriteable, blank, appendable and finalized DVD-R[W] media :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW can be either in formatted state Restricted Overwrite or in unformatted
|
|
|
|
state Sequential Recording. Sequential media can be either blank, appendable
|
|
|
|
or finalized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Only blank and appendable media are sequentially writeable. For overwriteable
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW see the Overwriteable DVD Cookbook.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overwriteable DVD-RW can be detected by their profile number 0013h in contrast
|
|
|
|
to profile number 0014h for sequential DVD-RW.
|
|
|
|
The status of sequential media can be inquired like with CD by 51h READ DISC
|
|
|
|
INFORMATION requesting Data Type 000b Standard Disc Information, where reply
|
|
|
|
value Disc Status indicates:
|
|
|
|
00b blank
|
|
|
|
01b appendable
|
|
|
|
10b finalized
|
|
|
|
11b others (unsuitable for this recipe)
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22.3.1.4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finalized, appendable or overwriteable DVD-RW can be brought into blank
|
|
|
|
sequential state by command A1h BLANK with blanking type 000b "Blank the disc".
|
|
|
|
See TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook for details about blanking.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After minimal blanking (type 001b) DVD-RW my two drives do not offer the
|
|
|
|
Incremental Streaming feature 0021h the media any more. Full blanking (000b)
|
|
|
|
brings back this feature.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Incremental writing :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incremental writing allows to produce multi-session DVDs. It is indicated
|
|
|
|
by feature 0021h being marked current in the reply of 46h GET CONFIGURATION.
|
|
|
|
growisofs inquires 0021h by setting Starting Feature Number to 0x21 and
|
|
|
|
Allocation Length to 16 in order to get only this one. The feature descriptor
|
|
|
|
begins at byte 8 of the reply. Its availability is indicated by the Current
|
|
|
|
Bit. libburn obtains the full feature list for this and other info.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 5.2.2. Feature Descriptor format, 5.3.11 Feature 0021h,
|
|
|
|
6.2 46h GET CONFIGURATION, )
|
|
|
|
In mode page 05h this method is selected by Write Type 00h.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Speed can be influenced by B6h SET STREAMING , speed capabilities can be
|
|
|
|
inquired by ACh GET PERFORMANCE. It is advised to set only speeds and sizes
|
|
|
|
which are returned by ACh.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.39 SET STREAMING, 6.8 GET PERFORMANCE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
growisofs fetches a mode page 05h template by MODE SENSE and inserts its own
|
|
|
|
parameters. It sets Multi-session to 11b, unless dvd_compat is nonzero.
|
|
|
|
libburn composes its mode page 05h from zero and allows control of
|
|
|
|
Multi-Session by the application.
|
|
|
|
BUFE Buffer Underrun protection 0=off, 1=on
|
|
|
|
LS_V Link size valid 1=true
|
|
|
|
Test Write -dummy mode for writing 0=off, 1=on
|
|
|
|
Write Type Packet/TAO/SAO/RAW 00h = Incremental (Packet)
|
|
|
|
Multi-session Whether to keep appendable 00b = finalize
|
|
|
|
11b = keep appendable
|
|
|
|
Track Mode Describes frame type 5 [*1]
|
|
|
|
Data Block Type Layout of payload blocks 8 [*2]
|
|
|
|
Link Size ??? 16 [*3]
|
|
|
|
FP Fixed Packet Size Bit 1
|
|
|
|
Packet Size 16 [*4]
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 7.5.4 The Mode Page, 4.2.3.4 Table 17 CONTROL = Track Mode)
|
|
|
|
(spc3r23.pdf 6.8 MODE SELECT, 7.4.3 Mode parameter header formats)
|
|
|
|
[*1:]
|
|
|
|
growisofs takes the Track Mode from 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION, Address/Number
|
|
|
|
Type 1, Track 1, Track Information Block byte 5 & 0xf.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03.pdf 6.27)
|
|
|
|
The specs predict that this will be Track Mode 4 (6.27.3.8) and also state that
|
|
|
|
default is 5 (7.5.4.12). 4 means: uninterrupted, do not copy. 5 means
|
|
|
|
increment, do not copy.
|
|
|
|
[*2:]
|
|
|
|
8 means: 2048 byte data blocks. growisofs sets this value if Data Mode from
|
|
|
|
above 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION is 1 or Fh, which is predicted by the specs
|
|
|
|
to be always true.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03.pdf 6.27.3.10)
|
|
|
|
[*3:]
|
|
|
|
growisofs (transport.hxx) sets Link Size to 16 for profiles 0011h and 0014h.
|
|
|
|
libburn now records the first link size from feature 0021h in its burn_drive
|
|
|
|
structure. If another link size item is 16, then 16 is used.
|
|
|
|
[*4:]
|
|
|
|
growisofs takes Packet Size from 52h. Specs predict it will be 16 (= 32 kiB).
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03.pdf 7.5.4.16)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The writing process is much like in "Writing a session to CD in TAO mode" :
|
|
|
|
Next Writeable Address is fetched from the reply of 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION.
|
|
|
|
libburn writes full 32 kiB buffers via 2Ah WRITE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.27 READ TRACK INFORMATION, 6.44 WRITE)
|
|
|
|
When writing is done, it is mandatory to force the drive's buffer to media by
|
|
|
|
35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The track has to be closed by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION Close Function 001b.
|
|
|
|
growisofs uses the logical track number for that and not FFh like libburn
|
|
|
|
does with TAO CD. So libburn obtains the Last Track Number in Last Session
|
|
|
|
from the reply of 51h READ DISC INFORMATION requesting Data Type 000b
|
|
|
|
"Standard Disc Information".
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.2 CLOSE TRACK, 6.22.3.1.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multiple tracks are permissible in a single session. After all of them have
|
|
|
|
been written, 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION Close Function 010b with Logical Track
|
|
|
|
Number 0 closes the session. It depends on the Multi-Session value in mode
|
|
|
|
page 05h whether the disc is finalized or stays appendable.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
DAO writing :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DAO is the mode described by feature 002Fh. This feature also gives information
|
|
|
|
about capabilities for Burnfree (BUF), Test Write and DVD-RW.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 5.3.25)
|
|
|
|
Experiments with growisofs showed that the track size needs to be predicted
|
|
|
|
and may not be exceeded during the write process. (growisofs ran into SCSI
|
|
|
|
errors with piped non-ISO-9660 images and with piped ISO-9660 which have
|
|
|
|
trailing data.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Speed can be influenced by B6h SET STREAMING , speed capabilities can be
|
|
|
|
inquired by ACh GET PERFORMANCE. It is advised to set only speeds and sizes
|
|
|
|
which are returned by ACh.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.39 SET STREAMING, 6.8 GET PERFORMANCE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The mode page 05h to be sent :
|
|
|
|
BUFE Buffer Underrun protection 0=off, 1=on
|
|
|
|
LS_V Link size valid 0=false [*3]
|
|
|
|
Test Write -dummy mode for writing 0=off, 1=on
|
|
|
|
Write Type Packet/TAO/SAO/RAW 02h = DAO (same code as SAO)
|
|
|
|
Multi-session Whether to keep appendable 00b = finalize
|
|
|
|
Track Mode Describes frame type 5 [*1]
|
|
|
|
Data Block Type Layout of payload blocks 8 [*2]
|
|
|
|
Link Size ??? 0 [*3]
|
|
|
|
FP Fixed Packet Size Bit 0 [*3]
|
|
|
|
Packet Size 0 [*3]
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 7.5.4 The Mode Page, 4.2.3.4 Table 17 CONTROL = Track Mode)
|
|
|
|
(spc3r23.pdf 6.8 MODE SELECT, 7.4.3 Mode parameter header formats)
|
|
|
|
[*1:]
|
|
|
|
growisofs takes the Track Mode from 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION, Address/Number
|
|
|
|
Type 1, Track 1, Track Information Block byte 5 & 0xf.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03.pdf 6.27)
|
|
|
|
[*2:]
|
|
|
|
8 means: 2048 byte data blocks. growisofs sets this value if Data Mode from
|
|
|
|
above 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION is 1 or Fh, which is predicted by the specs
|
|
|
|
to be always true. (If not: growisofs aborts.)
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03.pdf 6.27.3.10)
|
|
|
|
[*3:]
|
|
|
|
Link Size, Packet Size and their companions only apply to Write Type 00h.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The session layout must be described by 53h RESERVE TRACK, RMZ=ARSV=0.
|
|
|
|
Reservation size should better already be aligned to 32 KiB. It has not been
|
|
|
|
tested yet, what happens if not enough data get written.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.31)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Next Writeable Address is fetched from the reply of 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION.
|
|
|
|
The reply is supposed to be 0. libburn writes full 32 kiB buffers via
|
|
|
|
2Ah WRITE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.27 READ TRACK INFORMATION, 6.44 WRITE)
|
|
|
|
If the track source delivers less than the announced size then libburn pads up
|
|
|
|
by zeros.
|
|
|
|
When writing is done, it is mandatory to force the drive's buffer to media by
|
|
|
|
35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No further finalization is necessary. (I.e. no 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Obtaining DVD-R[W] multi-session info for extending ISO-9660 filesystems :
|
|
|
|
(valid for DVD+R too)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Like with CD it is necessary to obtain the two numbers for mkisofs option -C
|
|
|
|
in order to prepare a ISO-9660 filesystem image which by its inner pointers
|
|
|
|
matches the block addresses of the future location on media.
|
|
|
|
These are the start address of the first track in the last complete session
|
|
|
|
and the predicted start address of the track which will host the new image.
|
|
|
|
See TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook for some more info about mkisofs aspects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The first number may be gained by 43h READ TOC/PMA/ATIP Format 0001b which in
|
|
|
|
table 478 promises quick access via Start Address Of First Track In Last
|
|
|
|
Session.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.2.5 table 478, 6.26.3.3.1)
|
|
|
|
Regrettably the MMC-5 specs still define a useless reply for non-CD media
|
|
|
|
which obviously stems from MMC-3 times when no multi-session was possible
|
|
|
|
with non-CD.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.3.3.3)
|
|
|
|
Both my drives do give a useful reply with the correct number for appendable
|
|
|
|
DVD-RW. But not being backed by the specs this method appears unappealing .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Another approach would be a formatted Table of Content, obtained by 43h READ
|
|
|
|
TOC/PMA/ATIP Format 0000b. The specs do not totally outrule that this returns
|
|
|
|
useful data with non-CD but they define a crippled TOC for multi-session.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.3.2.4)
|
|
|
|
My LG drive returns a more detailed TOC, my NEC drive stays with the rather
|
|
|
|
suboptimal specs. So one would get different TOCs on different drives.
|
|
|
|
Nevertheless, the MMC-5 compliant TOC would return the desired number in
|
|
|
|
the Track Start address of the track with the highest number before AAh.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Most stable seems the approach to obtain the desired number from the reply
|
|
|
|
of 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION, Address/Number Type 01b. The field Logical Block
|
|
|
|
Address/Track/Session has to bear the track number of the first track in the
|
|
|
|
last complete session. To determine this number one has to determine the
|
|
|
|
number of the last session and the number of the last track from 51h READ DISC
|
|
|
|
INFORMATION and to iterate over the tracknumber by 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
until the first track with the desired session number appears and reveils
|
|
|
|
its start address.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22 51h DISC, 6.27 52h TRACK)
|
|
|
|
This method is very near to fabricating an own TOC. So libburn does this
|
|
|
|
when inspecting the media. If the first number for -C is needed, libburn
|
|
|
|
inquires its TOC model for the address of the first track in the last
|
|
|
|
complete session. See below for a detailed description of TOC fabrication.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The second -C number is the exact prediction of future track start address. It
|
|
|
|
is gained like with CD by 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION Type 01b. Different from
|
|
|
|
CD one may not use track number FFh but has to use the Last Track in Last
|
|
|
|
Session from 51h READ DISC INFORMATION.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22 51h DISC, 6.27 52h TRACK)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Obtaining a Table Of Content from DVD-R[W]:
|
|
|
|
(valid for DVD+R too)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The raw TOC entries from 43h READ TOC/PMA/ATIP Format 0010b as described with
|
|
|
|
CD media are not available with non-CD.
|
|
|
|
There is a Format 0000b "Formatted TOC" but this is with non-CD a fictional
|
|
|
|
information much at the discretion of the drive. Two drives with the same disc
|
|
|
|
may well return different Formatted TOC. They are supposed to be consistent
|
|
|
|
only about the last complete session and even there the MMC-5 specification
|
|
|
|
6.26.3.2.5 seems to prescribe a structure which does not match the true
|
|
|
|
structure of incremental writing to sequential DVD-R[W].
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.26.3.2)
|
|
|
|
So i prefer not to use this method of getting a TOC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The alternative is to produce an own TOC from information gained by 51h READ
|
|
|
|
DISC INFORMATION and by 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION which reveil a CD-like
|
|
|
|
structure of sessions and 1:n related tracks.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51h READ DISC INFORMATION Data Type 000b, fields Number of Sessions (Least
|
|
|
|
Significant Byte) and Number of Sessions (Most Significant Byte) give the
|
|
|
|
number of sessions. The last complete session number of an appendable disc
|
|
|
|
is one less because there is an incomplete session at its end. libburn only
|
|
|
|
records complete sessions in its TOC model.
|
|
|
|
libburn uses Last Track in Last Session as a hint for the range of track
|
|
|
|
numbers.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Next step is to iterate from 1 up to the last track number and to obtain
|
|
|
|
the according track info by 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION. Each track tells its
|
|
|
|
Session Number (LSB at byte 2, MSB at 33), its Logical Track Start Address,
|
|
|
|
its Logical Track Size, and much more which is not needed for a fake CD TOC.
|
|
|
|
One may analyze the track info more finely but for this special purpose
|
|
|
|
it is enough to discard the tracks which do not belong to complete sessions.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.27)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At the end of each session libburn inserts fake leadout entries into its TOC
|
|
|
|
model. Their start address is computed from the start and size of the last
|
|
|
|
track of the session.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Hearsay about DVD-R/DL (Dual Layer) :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DVD-R/DL can assume profile 0015h DVD-R Dual Layer Sequential which is supposed
|
|
|
|
to behave like DVD-R or 0016h DVD-R Dual Layer Jump which has no counterpart
|
|
|
|
with DVD-R.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A half-sentence in mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.3.3 might indicate that closing a session
|
|
|
|
by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION Close Function 010b overrides the multi-session bits
|
|
|
|
in mode page 05h.
|
|
|
|
growisofs applies this function in case of not DAO, though. A comment in
|
|
|
|
growisofs_mmc.cpp states: "// DVD-R DL Seq has no notion of multi-session".
|
|
|
|
I am not reading this from the specs - but not explicitely the contrary either.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For now libburn will close the session but there is a macro prepared in
|
|
|
|
libburn/write.c Libburn_dvd_r_dl_multi_no_close_sessioN which will suppress
|
|
|
|
close session if multi-session is demanded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
DVD+R[/DL] Cookbook
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Inspired by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
|
|
|
|
backed by Andy Polyakov's http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Media type can be recognized by Current Profile from 46h GET CONFIGURATION.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.6.2.1)
|
|
|
|
DVD+R 001bh
|
|
|
|
DVD+R/DL 002bh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- About empty, appendable and finalized DVD+R
|
|
|
|
- Writing a Pseudo Session to DVD+R
|
|
|
|
- DVD+R/DL (Dual Layer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following two chapters of the Sequential DVD-R[W] Cookbook are valid for
|
|
|
|
DVD+R media too:
|
|
|
|
- Obtaining DVD-R[W] multi-session info for extending ISO-9660 filesystems
|
|
|
|
- Obtaining a Table Of Content from DVD-R[W]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
About blank, appendable and finalized DVD+R :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the beginning a DVD+R holds an empty session and the Incomplete Fragment.
|
|
|
|
From these one may spawn reserved fragments or one may write directly to
|
|
|
|
the incomplete fragment. As soon as this is done the empty session becomes the
|
|
|
|
open session which finally needs to get closed. By closing fragments and
|
|
|
|
session a new empty session with empty Incomplete Fragment gets spawned.
|
|
|
|
So the disc stays appendable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A DVD+R may hold 153 closed sessions with a single track each.
|
|
|
|
The open session may hold up to 15 open fragments. But on closure of the
|
|
|
|
session those fragments together form a single logical track. So one will
|
|
|
|
usually only use a single fragment for sequential writing.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.3.6.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The disc may get finalized by another close command so that no more data can
|
|
|
|
be written.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.4.4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Writing a Pseudo Session to DVD+R :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Session writing has to be pseudo because only one logical track per session
|
|
|
|
can be distinguished. So actually there have to be written multiple sessions
|
|
|
|
to mark multiple tracks. The pseudo session cannot get marked on disc and thus
|
|
|
|
the tracks of a pseudo session cannot be grouped accordingly in a TOC.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Speed can be influenced by B6h SET STREAMING , speed capabilities can be
|
|
|
|
inquired by ACh GET PERFORMANCE. It is advised to set only speeds and sizes
|
|
|
|
which are returned by ACh.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.39 SET STREAMING, 6.8 GET PERFORMANCE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No mode page 05h is to be sent.
|
|
|
|
growisofs sends a page but the specs clearly state that one shall not do.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 7.5.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
It is optional whether a track size is reserved in advance or not. Eventually
|
|
|
|
this is done by 53h RESERVE TRACK, RMZ=ARSV=0. Reservation size should better
|
|
|
|
already be aligned to 32 KiB.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.31)
|
|
|
|
The specs promise to pad up the track if not enough data get written.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.4.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Next Writeable Address is fetched from the reply of 52h READ TRACK INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
with track number FFh.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.27)
|
|
|
|
Since the fixely set write type is 16-block packet, full 32 kiB buffers have
|
|
|
|
to be transmitted via 2Ah WRITE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.3.6.2.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When writing is done, it is mandatory to force the drive's buffer to media by
|
|
|
|
35h SYNCHRONIZE CACHE.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.41)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The written fragment (i.e. track-to-be) has to be closed by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK
|
|
|
|
SESSION Close Function 001b.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.4.2)
|
|
|
|
libburn obtains the necessary logical track number from Last Track Number in
|
|
|
|
Last Session from the reply of 51h READ DISC INFORMATION requesting
|
|
|
|
Data Type 000b.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.22)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
After each track 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION Close Function 010b with Logical Track
|
|
|
|
Number 0 closes the DVD+R session but keeps the media appendable.
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.4.3)
|
|
|
|
If the media shall not stay appendable then the last DVD+R session is to be
|
|
|
|
closed by Close Function 101b rather than 010b. This finalizes the media
|
|
|
|
"with minimal radius".
|
|
|
|
(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.4.4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note: growisofs has code for that gesture but explicitly avoids to use it, if
|
|
|
|
the media was appendable before writing began. Instead it recommends to fill
|
|
|
|
up the media with zeros. This gesture nevertheless caused error replies from
|
|
|
|
the drives in my own experiments.
|
|
|
|
The reason given by Andy Polyakov is that some DVD-ROM drives get mislead by
|
|
|
|
the lead-out information of (formerly) appendable media unless the media is
|
|
|
|
fully written.
|
|
|
|
(http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/ , "Compatibility: caveat lector")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Own experiments showed no such problems with PC attached PATA DVD-ROM drives.
|
|
|
|
For best DVD-ROM compatibility one should avoid appendable media at all
|
|
|
|
by closing them already after the first session.
|
|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DVD+R/DL (Dual Layer) :
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libburn treats DL media just like their single layer equivalents.
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This seems to work fine for DVD+R/DL, according to a report by nightmorph
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in http://libburnia-project.org/ticket/13 .
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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BD-R Cookbook
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Inspired by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
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backed by experiments iwith drive LG GGW H20L.
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For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Media type can be recognized by Current Profile from 46h GET CONFIGURATION.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.6.2.1)
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BD-R 0042h
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There are two basic recording modes defined: Sequential Recording Mode SRM and
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Random Recording Mode RRM. The latter is optional and for now not topic of this
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text.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5)
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- SRM Formatting
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- Writing a session in SRM-POW
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(- Pseudo-OverWrite SRM+POW)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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SRM Formatting:
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Despite being write-once media BD-R can optionally carry some formatting.
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SRM has a disc structure model with tracks and sessions.
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Several tracks may be open at the same time, each having its own NWA.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5.2.2)
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This structure is formatted onto blank media automatically as soon as the
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first serious write attempt occurs.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5)
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Before such a write attempt, blank media may be explicitely formatted with
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spares, which provide defect management.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5.3)
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Tracks get created from other tracks via RESERVE TRACK splitting.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5.2.5)
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On top of defect management there may be Pseudo-OverWrite SRM+POW, a costly
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way to write several times to the same LBA. See below.
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Fully sequential states are called SRM-POW.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5.4)
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Explicite formatting is done by 04h FORMAT UNIT. Its data payload consists
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of a Format List Header and a Format Descriptor. It is advisable to set
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the Immed bit and the FOV bit in header byte number 1. The descriptor should
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be a copy of a descriptor from 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES but the size may be
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adjusted within a certain range.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5, 6.5.3.2, 6.5.3.3)
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Format type 00h creates SRM layouts with a default number of spares (or
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eventually RRM) chosen by the format sub-type:
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00b = SRM with support for POW
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01b = SRM without POW (but with some spares for defect management)
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10b = (RRM)
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.1.6)
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Format type 32h uses the same sub-types but allows to allocate non-default
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amounts of spares. Similar to BD-RE format 31h, three format descriptors are
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offered: #1: default size, #2: maximum spare area, #3: minimal spare.
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The size may be chosen within that range.
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The sense behind the Type Dependent Parameters is obscure
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to me. Best will be to set ISA_V and TDMA_V to 0.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.1.17)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Writing a session in SRM:
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The procedure and constraints for writing BD-R SRM-POW are very similar to
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DVD+R. libburn flatly re-uses its DVD+R code except the Close Function for
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finalizing a disc.
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In short:
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If all written sessions are closed, then there is exactly one NWA.
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In the beginning there is an empty session and track. A new track can be
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written either with pre-announced size (by RESERVE TRACK) or open-end by
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simply starting to write to the NWA. When done the track gets closed by
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close function 001b. Then either session or disc gets closed depending on
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the Close Function used:
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- Close Function 010b closes the session and keeps the media appendable
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(same as with DVD+R)
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- Close Function 110b finalizes the media and makes it read-only.
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(differs from libburn DVD+R procedure which uses 101b)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Pseudo-OverWrite POW: (no used yet by libburn)
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This enhancement of SRM emulates overwriting of existing data blocks.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5.4)
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POW establishes a virtual vLBA space on top of the real address space rLBA.
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All read and write commands deal with vLBA. It seems that track NWAs are
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assumed to be identical in vLBA space and in rLBA space.
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It is not clear whether one may write to vLBA blocks which are neither written
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yet nor at one of the track NWAs. Probably not, or else one could make NWAs run
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into vLBAs which are associated with older rLBAs.
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Replacing invalidated blocks consumes addresses in rLBA space at the NWA of
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some track. I.e. no spares are consumed by POW. Nevertheless it is costly by
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a special map called Orphanage. It covers rLBA which have been consumed
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by differing vLBAs. It never shrinks and can grow with each write to remapped
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addresses.
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To avoid heavy Orphanage growth it is advised to write mostly to vLBA which
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still coincide with their rLBA. E.g. those addresses which have neither been
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written as rLBA nor as vLBA yet. So one should begin the vLBA of new sessions
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at the NWA of a sufficiently sized track.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.5.3.5.4.2 , 4.5.3.6.9)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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