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Branched 0.3.8 in preparation for release

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Mario Danic
2007-07-19 22:45:53 +00:00
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
libburnia.pykix.org scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_eng.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installation instructions at about line 60. First the legal stuff:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This all is under GPL.
(See GPL reference, our clarification and commitment at the end of this text)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Based on and sub project of:
libburnia.pykix.org
By Mario Danic <mario.danic@gmail.com> and Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Mario Danic, Thomas Schmitt
libburnia.pykix.org is inspired by and in other components still containing
parts of
Libburn. By Derek Foreman <derek@signalmarketing.com> and
Ben Jansens <xor@orodu.net>
Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Derek Foreman and Ben Jansens
See toplevel README for an overview of the current copyright situation in
libburnia.pykix.org.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My thanks to the above authors (except myself, of course) for making the
following possible.
cdrskin. By Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
Integrated sub project of libburnia.pykix.org but also published via:
http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_eng.html
http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin-0.3.7.tar.gz
Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Thomas Schmitt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On top of libburn there is implemented cdrskin 0.3.7, a limited cdrecord
compatibility wrapper which allows to use some libburn features from
the command line.
Interested users of cdrecord are invited to participate in the development
of cdrskin. Contact: scdbackup@gmx.net or libburn-hackers@pykix.org .
We will keep copyright narrow but will of course acknowledge valuable
contributions in a due way.
Important :
This software is provided as is. There is no warranty implied and no
protection against possible damages. You use this on your own risk.
Don't blame me or other authors of libburn if anything goes wrong.
I used it on my own risk with :
SuSE 7.2, kernel 2.4.4, ide-scsi emulation, LITE-ON LTR48125S CD burner, 2002
SuSE 9.0, kernel 2.4.21, ide-scsi emulation, LG GSA-4082B CD/DVD burner, 2004
NEC ND-4570A CD/DVD burner, 2006
RIP-14.4, kernel 2.6.14, no ide-scsi, with all above burners
It fails to compile or run on SuSE 6.4 (kernel 2.2.14).
It does not find the IDE CD burner on SuSE 7.2 without ide-scsi.
Other people sucessfully tested cdrskin on several kernel 2.6 based x86 Linux
systems, including 64 bit systems. (Further reports are welcome.)
Compilation, First Glimpse, Installation
Obtain cdrskin-0.3.7.tar.gz, take it to a directory of your choice and do:
tar xzf cdrskin-0.3.7.tar.gz
cd cdrskin-0.3.7
Or obtain a libburnia.pykix.org SVN snapshot,
go into the toplevel directory of the snapshot (e.g. cd libburn_pykix ),
and execute the autotools script ./bootstrap . Use autools version >= 1.7 .
Within that toplevel directory of either cdrskin-0.3.7 or libburn then execute:
./configure
make
(Note: there are next-level directories "libburn" and "cdrskin". Those
would be the wrong ones. Meant is the highest directory of tarball resp.
SVN download. Among others containing files "AUTHORS", "configure",
"Makefile.am", as well as directories "libburn" and "cdrskin".)
This will already produce a cdrskin binary. But it might be necessary to
install libburn in order to use this binary. Installation of libburn is
beyond the scope of cdrskin. For this, see included libburn docs.
In order to surely get a standalone binary, execute
cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh
Version identification and help texts available afterwards:
cdrskin/cdrskin -version
cdrskin/cdrskin --help
cdrskin/cdrskin -help
man cdrskin/cdrskin.1
Install (eventually as superuser) cdrskin to a directory where it can be found:
If cdrskin was already installed by a previous version, or by "make install"
in the course of this installation, then find out where:
which cdrskin
Copy your standalone binary to exactly the address which you get as reply
cp cdrskin/cdrskin /usr/bin/cdrskin
Check the version timestamps of the globally installed binary
cdrskin -version
It is not necessary for the standalone cdrskin binary to have libburn
installed, since it incorporates the necessary libburn parts at compile time.
It will not collide with an installed version of libburn either.
But libpthread must be installed on the system and glibc has to match. (See
below for a way to create a statically linked binary.)
To install the man page, you may do: echo $MANPATH and choose one of the
listed directories to copy the man-page under its ./man1 directory. Like:
cp cdrskin/cdrskin.1 /usr/share/man/man1/cdrskin.1
Usage
The user of cdrskin needs rw-permission for the CD burner device.
A list of rw-accessible drives can be obtained by
cdrskin --devices
CD devices which offer no rw-permission are invisible to normal users.
The superuser should be able to see any usable drive and then set the
permissions as needed. If this hangs then there is a drive with
unexpected problems (locked, busy, broken, whatever). You might have to
guess the address of your (non-broken) burner by other means, then.
On Linux 2.4 this would be some /dev/sgN and on 2.6. some /dev/srM or /dev/hdX.
The output of cdrskin --devices might look like
0 dev='/dev/sr0' rwrwr- : '_NEC' 'DVD_RW ND-4570A'
1 dev='/dev/sr1' rwrw-- : 'HL-DT-ST' 'DVDRAM GSA-4082B'
So full and insecure enabling of both for everybody would look like
chmod a+rw /dev/sr0 /dev/sr1
I strongly discourage to run cdrskin with setuid root or via sudo !
It is not checked for the necessary degree of hacker safety.
Usage examples
For options and recordable media classes see
man 1 cdrskin
Get an overview of cdrecord style addresses of available devices
cdrskin -scanbus
cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus
cdrskin --devices
Adresses reported with dev=ATA need prefix "ATA:". Address examples:
dev=0,1,0 dev=ATA:1,0,0 dev=/dev/sg1 dev=/dev/hdc dev=/dev/sr0
See also "Drive Addressing" below.
Obtain some info about the drive
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive
Obtain some info about the drive and the inserted media
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -atip -v
Make used CD-RW or used unformatted DVD-RW writeable again
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 blank=fast -eject
Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 blank=format_overwrite
De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential
Burn image file my_image.iso to media
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 speed=12 fs=8m driveropts=burnfree padsize=300k \
-eject my_image.iso
Write multi-session to the same CD , DVD-R[W] or DVD+R
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -multi 1.iso
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -multi -tao 2.iso
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -multi -tao 3.iso
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -tao 4.iso
Get multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo 2>/dev/null)
mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ...
Burn a compressed afio archive to media on-the-fly
find . | afio -oZ - | cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 -tao \
driveropts=burnfree padsize=300k -
Burn 6 audio tracks from files with different formats to CD (not to any DVD).
Anything except .wav or .au files has to be converted into raw format first.
See below "Audio CD" for specifications.
ogg123 -d raw -f track01.cd /path/to/track1.ogg
oggdec -R -o track02.cd /path/to/track2.ogg
lame --decode -t /path/to/track3.mp3 track03.cd
madplay -o raw:track04.cd /path/to/track4.mp3
mppdec --raw-le /path/to/track5.mpc track05.cd
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 blank=fast -eject speed=48 -sao \
-audio -swab track0[1-5].cd /path/to/track6.wav
Usage example with http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net
Address may be a cdrecord-style "scsibus,target,lun" as listed with
cdrskin -scanbus (and hopefully as listed with cdrecord -scanbus) :
export SCDBACKUP_SCSI_ADR="0,1,0"
or a device file address as listed by --devices with an accessible drive :
export SCDBACKUP_SCSI_ADR="/dev/sr1"
Set usage of cdrskin with appropriate options rather than cdrecord :
export SCDBACKUP_CDRECORD="cdrskin -v -v"
Run a backup :
scdbackup_home
Restrictions
Many cdrecord options are still unsupported.
If you have use cases for them, please report your wishes and expectations.
DVD support is restricted to single layer DVD for now. Double layer media
are implemented but untested.
Inspiration and Standard
For the original meaning of cdrecord options see :
man cdrecord
(http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/man/cdrecord-2.0.html)
Do not bother Joerg Schilling with any cdrskin problems.
(Be cursed if you install cdrskin as "cdrecord" without clearly forwarding
this "don't bother Joerg" demand.)
cdrskin does not contain any bytes copied from cdrecord's sources. Many bytes
have been copied from the message output of cdrecord runs, though. I am
thankful to Joerg Schilling for every single one of them.
I have the hope that Joerg feels more flattered than annoyed by cdrskin.
Many thanks to Andy Polyakov for his dvd+rw-tools
http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools
which provide me with examples and pointers into MMC specs for DVD writing.
Drive Addressing
Drives get addressed either via their cdrecord-style addresses as listed
with option -scanbus (see below "Pseudo-SCSI Adresses") or via the paths
of device files.
Not only device files listed by --devices may be used but also device files
which via their major,minor numbers point to the same device driver as
a listed device file.
Helpful with Linux kernel 2.4 is a special SCSI feature:
It is possible to address a scsi(-emulated) drive via associated device files
which are not listed by option --devices but point to the same SCSI addresses
as listed device files. This addressing via e.g. /dev/sr0 or /dev/scd1 is
compatible with generic read programs like dd and with write program growisofs.
Pseudo-SCSI Adresses
cdrecord and cdrskin share the syntax of SCSI addresses but not necessarily
the meaning of the components. A cdrecord-style address for cdrskin
[prefix:]scsibus,target,lun
can be interpreted in two different modes.
Standard mode tries to be compatible to original cdrecord. This should be true
with (emulated) SCSI where the device file /dev/s[rg]N with is looked up with
matching scsibus,target,lun as given by the operating system.
With dev=ATA: or dev=ATAPI: the translation to /dev/hdX is purely literal
but matches the cdrecord addresses on all systems tested so far:
X = 'a' + 2 * scsibus + target
where target only may have the values 0 or 1.
In this mode, option -scanbus will list only SCSI devices unless option
dev=ATA or dev=ATAPI are given, which will suppress SCSI devices and only
show IDE drives (i.e. /dev/hdX without ide-scsi emulation).
In mode --old_pseudo_scsi_adr there is a scsibus,target,lun representation
which has nothing to do with SCSI and thus is not compatible to cdrecord.
Each number triple corresponds either to a device file address or to a
libburn drive number.
Component "scsibus" indicates the translation method. Defined busses are:
0 target is the libburn drivenumber as listed with --devices
1 associated to device file /dev/sgN , target chooses N
2 associated to device file /dev/hdX , target 0='a', 1='b' ..., 25='z'
So "1,1,0" is /dev/sg1 (resp. its /dev/sr*), "2,3,0" is /dev/hdd,
"0,2,0" is libburn drive #2 at some unspecified device file.
This scheme shall help to keep cdrecord-style addresses stable and exchangeable
between users without excluding drives with unexpected device addresses.
The numbering on bus 0 is prone to arbitrary changes caused by changes in
drive accessability.
Further busses may emerge as libburn evolves. "prefix" and "lun" may get
a meaning. To stay upward compatible, use addresses as printed by -scanbus.
User Defined Device Address Translation
Some programs or users have their own ideas about the address of their burner.
K3b 0.10 for example derives cdrecord addresses by own examination of the
devices and not by calling cdrecord -scanbus.
Standard mode will hopefully be fully compatible with their ideas.
Old frontends which do not know dev=ATA or dev=ATAPI and which do ask their
"cdrecord" via -scanbus may be well served with option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr .
To direct any remaining stubborn callers to the appropriate drives, cdrskin
allows to define device address aliases. Like
cdrskin dev_translation=+1,0,0+/dev/sr1 \
dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sr1 \
dev_translation=-"cd+dvd"-0,1,0 \
...
Any of the addresses dev=1,0,0, dev=ATA:1,0,0, dev=cd+dvd will be mapped to
/dev/sr1 resp. to 0,1,0.
The first character after "dev_translation=" defines the character which
separates the two parts of the translation pair. (Above: "+" and "-".)
In K3b 0.10 it is possible to employ alternative writer programs by setting
their full path (e.g. /usr/bin/cdrskin) in menu
Settings:Configure K3b...:Programs:Search Path
and to make them default in menu
Settings:Configure K3b...:Programs:Programs:
A suitable setting for "cdrecord" in menu
Settings:Configure K3b...:Programs:User Parameters
would then probably be
-v dev_translation=+1,0,0+/dev/sr1
You will learn from button "Show Debugging Output" after a failed burn run
what cdrecord command was used with what address "dev=...". This address "..."
will be the right one to replace "1,0,0" in above example.
Startup Files
If not --no_rc is the first argument then cdrskin attempts on startup to read
arguments from the following three files:
/etc/default/cdrskin
/etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
/etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf
$HOME/.cdrskinrc
The files are read in the sequence given above.
Each readable line is treated as one single argument. No extra blanks.
A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored.
Example content of a startup file:
# This is the default device
dev=0,1,0
# To accomodate to eventual remnant cdrskin-0.2.2 addresses
dev_translation=+1,0,0+0,1,0
# Some more options
fifo_start_at=0
fs=16m
Audio CD
Lorenzo Taylor enabled option -audio in cdrskin (thanks !) and reports neat
results with audio data files which are :
headerless PCM (i.e. uncompressed)
44100 Hz sampling rate
16 bits per sample
stereo (2 channels)
little-endian byte order with option -swab, or big-endian without -swab
Files with name extension .wav get examined wether they are in Microsoft WAVE
format with above parameters and eventually get extracted by cdrskin itself.
In the same way files with name extension .au get examined wether they are
in SUN's audio format. For both formats, track format -audio and eventual
endianness option -swab are enabled automatically.
Any other formats are to be converted to format .wav with above parameters
or to be extracted as raw CD track data by commands like those given above
under "Usage examples". Those raw files need option -audio and in most cases
option -swab to mark them as little-endian/Intel/LSB-first 16-bit data.
Incorrect endianness setting results in random noise on CD.
I myself am not into audio. So libburn-hackers@pykix.org might be the
best address for suggestions, requests and bug reports.
DVD+RW and DVD-RAM
DVD+RW and DVD-RAM media get treated as blank media regardless wether they
hold data or not. Options -audio and -multi are not allowed. Only one track
is allowed. -toc does not return information about the media content.
Speed is counted in DVD units (i.e. 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second). Currently
there is no difference between -sao and -tao. If ever, then -tao will be the
mode which preserves the current behavior.
For these media, -msinfo alone would not be enough to perform appending of an
ISO filesystem. The filesystem driver will need a hint to find the start of the
most recent session. For example put an ISO filesystem at address 1 GB:
mkisofs -C 0,524288 ... | \
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v fs=32m -eject speed=4 write_start_address=524288s -
The superuser may then do:
mount -t iso9660 -o ro,sbsector=524288 /dev/sr0 /mnt
Note: On my linux-2.4.21-215 mount works only with sbsector <= 337920 (660 MiB)
To extend a filesystem already existing at address 0
mkisofs -C 0,524288 -M /dev/sr0 ... | cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 ...
Record the number 524288 for usage as first number with -C at the next
extension:
mkisofs -C 524288,1000000 ... | cdrskin write_start_address=1000000s ...
Program growisofs can append to an ISO filesystem on DVD+RW by additionally
manipulating the first session. cdrskin does not want to get involved so deep
into the format of the burned data. Be advised to use growisofs for the
task of maintaining extendable ISO-Filesystems on DVD+RW.
DVD-RW and DVD-R
DVD-RW are usable if formatted to state "Restricted Overwrite" or if in state
"Sequential Recording". DVD-R are always in sequential state.
"Sequential" is the state of unused media and of media previously blanked
or written by cdrecord. dvd+rw-format -blank can also achieve this state.
The according cdrskin option is blank=deformat_sequential .
If "Incremental Streaming" is available, then sequential media are capable
of multi-session like CD-R[W]. (But not capable of -audio recording.)
This means they need option -multi to stay appendable, need to be blanked
to be writeable from start, return useable info with -toc and -msinfo,
eventually perform appending automatically.
Without "Incremental Streaming" offered by the drive, only write mode DAO is
available with sequential DVD-R[W]. It only works with blank media, allows only
one single track, no -multi, and demands a fixely predicted track size.
(growisofs uses it with DVD-R[W] if option -dvd-compat is given.)
Overwriteable DVD-RW behave much like DVD+RW. "Restricted" refers only to the
granularity of random access and block size which have always to be aligned to
full 32 kB. Sequential DVD-RW are converted into overwriteable DVD-RW by
cdrskin dev=... -v blank=format_overwrite
(Command dvd+rw-format -force can achieve "Restricted Overwrite", too.)
Formatting or first use of freshly formatted DVD-RW can produce unusual noises
from the drive and last several minutes. Depending on mutual compatibility of
drive and media, formatting can yield unusable media. It seems that those die
too on blanking by cdrecord, dvd+rw-format or cdrskin. Perils of DVD-RW.
There are three DVD-RW formatting variants with cdrskin currently:
blank=format_overwrite uses "DVD-RW Quick" formatting (MMC-type 15h)
and writes a first session of 128 MiB. This leads to media which are expandable
and random addressable by cdrskin.
blank=format_overwrite_quickest uses "DVD-RW Quick" formatting (type 15h) too,
but leaves the media in "intermediate" state. In the first session of writing
one may only write sequentially to such a DVD. After that, it gets random
addressable by cdrskin. DVD-ROM drives might show ill behavior with them.
blank=format_overwrite_full uses preferrably "Full Format" (type 00h).
This formatting lasts as long as writing a full DVD. It includes writing of
lead-out which is said to be good for DVD ROM compatibility.
De-formatting options are available to make overwriteable DVD-RW sequential:
blank=deformat_sequential performs thorough blanking of all states of DVD-RW.
blank=all and blank=fast perform the same thorough blanking, but refuse to do
this with overwriteable DVD-RW, thus preserving their formatting. The specs
allow minimal blanking but the resulting media on my drives offer no
Incremental Streaming afterwards. So blank=fast will do full blanking.
blank=deformat_sequential_quickest is faster but might yield DAO-only media.
DVD+R
From the view of cdrskin they behave much like DVD-R. Each track gets wrapped
into an own session, though.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Special compilation variations
You may get a (super fat) statically linked binary by :
cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh -static
if your system supports static linking, at all. This will not help with kernels
which do not properly support the necessary low-level interfaces chosen by
your compile-time libraries.
A size reduced but fully functional binary may be produced by
cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh -do_strip
An extra lean binary with reduced capabilities is created by
cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh -do_diet -do_strip
It will not read startup files, will abort on option dev_translation= ,
will not have a fifo buffer, and will not be able to put out help texts or
debugging messages.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cdrskin is currently copyright Thomas Schmitt only.
It adopts the following commitment by the toplevel copyright holders:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We, the copyright holders, agree on the interpretation that
dynamical linking of our libraries constitutes "use of" and
not "derivation from" our work in the sense of GPL, provided
those libraries are compiled from our unaltered code.
Thus you may link our libraries dynamically with applications
which are not under GPL. You may distribute our libraries and
application tools in binary form, if you fulfill the usual
condition of GPL to offer a copy of the source code -altered
or unaltered- under GPL.
We ask you politely to use our work in open source spirit
and with the due reference to the entire open source community.
If there should really arise the case where above clarification
does not suffice to fulfill a clear and neat request in open source
spirit that would otherwise be declined for mere formal reasons,
only in that case we will duely consider to issue a special license
covering only that special case.
It is the open source idea of responsible freedom which will be
decisive and you will have to prove that you exhausted all own
means to qualify for GPL.
For now we are firmly committed to maintain one single license: GPL.
signed for cdrskin: Thomas Schmitt

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#!/bin/sh
set -x
# This script documents how this cdrskin version was derived from
# a vanilla libburn version. It is not intended nor needed for any
# use of cdrskin but included here only to show the technical
# relationship between both projects - which are close friends
# and issue roughly the same software.
#
# Package maintainers are advised to cover rather libburn than
# cdrskin unless they put only emphasis on the cdrecord emulation
# provided by cdrskin. libburn contains cdrskin - cdrskin is an
# oscillating, friendly and coordinated fork of libburn.
#
# Script results are a source tarball and two binaries
# one dynamic and one static in respect to system libs.
# Both binaries are static in respect to libburn.
#
# The script is to be run in the directory above the toplevel
# directory of libburn resp. cdrskin development.
#
# The top level directory in the SVN snapshot is named
intermediate="./libburn_pykix"
# libburn source used: http://libburnia.pykix.org
# Downloaded by:
# $ svn co http://libburnia-svn.pykix.org/libburn/tags/... $intermediate
# packed up in a tarball just to save it from inadverted changes by
# $ tar czf libburn_svn.tgz $intermediate
original="./libburn_svn_release.tgz"
# Historic moments:
# original="./libburn_svn_A60815.tgz"
# original="./libburn_cdrskin_A60819.tgz"
# My changes are in $changes , mainly in $changes/cdrskin
changes="./libburn-release"
skin_release="0.3.6"
patch_level=".pl00"
skin_rev="$skin_release""$patch_level"
# The result directory and the name of the result tarballs
target="./cdrskin-${skin_release}"
cdrskin_tarball="./cdrskin-${skin_rev}.tar.gz"
cdrskin_tarball_svn="./cdrskin-${skin_rev}.svn.tar.gz"
# (This once earned me an embarrassingly blooping source tarball)
# compile_dir="$changes"
compile_dir="$target"
compile_cmd="./cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh"
compile_static_opts="-static"
compile_result="cdrskin/cdrskin"
man_to_html_cmd="./cdrskin/convert_man_to_html.sh"
man_page_html="cdrskin/man_1_cdrskin.html"
bintarget_dynamic="cdrskin_${skin_rev}-x86-suse9_0"
bintarget_static="$bintarget_dynamic"-static
if test -d "$changes"
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo "$0 : FATAL : no directory $changes" >&2
exit 1
fi
for i in "$target" "$intermediate"
do
if test -e "$i"
then
echo "$0 : FATAL : already existing $i" >&2
exit 2
fi
done
if test -f "$original"
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo "$0 : FATAL : no file $original" >&2
exit 3
fi
# Unpack SVN snapshot.
tar xzf "$original"
# Rename the directory to the cdrskin name
mv "$intermediate" "$target"
# Copy the changes from the development tree
#
cdrskin_dir="$changes"/cdrskin
libburn_dir="$changes"/libburn
cdrskin_target="$target"/cdrskin
libburn_target="$target"/libburn
# Create version timestamp
timestamp="$(date -u '+%Y.%m.%d.%H%M%S')"
echo "$timestamp"
echo '#define Cdrskin_timestamP "'"$timestamp"'"' >"$cdrskin_dir"/cdrskin_timestamp.h
# Add the cdrskin files
if test -e "$cdrskin_target"
then
rm -rf "$cdrskin_target"
fi
cp -a "$cdrskin_dir" "$cdrskin_target"
# Remove copied vim.swp and binaries
rm "$cdrskin_target"/.*.swp
rm "$cdrskin_target"/*.o
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cdrfifo
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cdrskin
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cleanup
for i in std new make old
do
if test -e "$cdrskin_target"/cdrskin_"$i"
then
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cdrskin_"$i"
fi
done
# Remove eventual SVN stuff from cdrskin directory
for i in .deps .dirstamp .libs
do
if test -e "$cdrskin_target"/"$i"
then
rm -rf "$cdrskin_target"/"$i"
fi
done
# Remove GIFs of cdrskin_eng.html
rm "$cdrskin_target"/doener_*.gif "$cdrskin_target"/doener_*.png
# Remove automatically generated HTML man page
rm "$cdrskin_target"/man_1_cdrskin.html
# Remove all add_ts_changes_to_libburn besides this one
for i in "$cdrskin_target"/add_ts_changes_to_libburn*
do
if test $(basename "$0") = $(basename "$i")
then
dummy=dummy
else
rm $i
fi
done
# Remove unwanted SVN stuff (TODO: avoid downloading it)
for i in "$target"/.svn "$target"/*/.svn
do
if test "$i" = "$target"'/*/.svn'
then
dummy=dummy
else
if test -e "$i"
then
rm -rf "$i"
fi
fi
done
# Make SVN state tarball for the libburn team
tar czf "$cdrskin_tarball_svn" "$target"
# Get over dependecy on autotools. Rely only on cc, make et. al.
# This is not the same as "make dist" but i can do it without
# having to evaluate the quality of said "make dist"
#
( cd "$target" ; ./bootstrap )
# Remove unwanted stuff after bootstrap
for i in "$target"/autom4te.cache
do
if echo "$i" | grep '\*' >/dev/null
then
dummy=dummy
else
if test -e "$i"
then
rm -rf "$i"
fi
fi
done
# Repair non-portable shell code output of ./bootstrap
(
cd "$compile_dir" || exit 1
sed -e 's/^for ac_header in$/test -z 1 \&\& for ac_header in dummy/' \
< ./configure > ./configure-repaired
if test "$?" = 0
then
echo "$0: Empty 'for ac_header in' found in configure." >&2
fi
mv ./configure-repaired ./configure
chmod a+rx,go-w,u+w ./configure
)
# Pack it up to the new libburn+cdrskin-tarball
tar czf "$cdrskin_tarball" "$target"
# Produce a static and a dynamic binary, and a HTML man page
(
cd "$compile_dir" || exit 1
./configure
make
"$compile_cmd" -O2 -do_strip
cp "$compile_result" "../$bintarget_dynamic"
if test -n "$compile_static_opts"
then
"$compile_cmd" $compile_static_opts -O2 -do_strip
cp "$compile_result" "../$bintarget_static"
fi
"$man_to_html_cmd"
mv "$man_page_html" ..
)
# Remove the build area
# Disable this for debugging the merge process
rm -rf "$target"
# Show the result
./"$bintarget_dynamic" -version
./"$bintarget_static" -version
ls -l "$cdrskin_tarball"
ls -l "$bintarget_dynamic"
ls -l "$bintarget_static"
ls -l $(basename "$man_page_html")

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#!/bin/sh
set -x
# This script documents how this cdrskin version was derived from
# a vanilla libburn version. It is not intended nor needed for any
# use of cdrskin but included here only to show the technical
# relationship between both projects - which are close friends
# and issue roughly the same software.
#
# Package maintainers are advised to cover rather libburn than
# cdrskin unless they put only emphasis on the cdrecord emulation
# provided by cdrskin. libburn contains cdrskin - cdrskin is an
# oscillating, friendly and coordinated fork of libburn.
#
# Script results are a source tarball and two binaries
# one dynamic and one static in respect to system libs.
# Both binaries are static in respect to libburn.
#
# The script is to be run in the directory above the toplevel
# directory of libburn resp. cdrskin development.
#
# The top level directory in the SVN snapshot is named
intermediate="./libburn_pykix"
# libburn source used: http://libburnia.pykix.org
# Downloaded by:
# $ svn co http://libburnia-svn.pykix.org/libburn/tags/... $intermediate
# packed up in a tarball just to save it from inadverted changes by
# $ tar czf libburn_svn.tgz $intermediate
original="./libburn_svn.tgz"
# Historic moments:
# original="./libburn_svn_A60815.tgz"
# original="./libburn_cdrskin_A60819.tgz"
# My changes are in $changes , mainly in $changes/cdrskin
changes="./libburn-develop"
skin_release="0.3.7"
patch_level=""
skin_rev="$skin_release""$patch_level"
# The result directory and the name of the result tarballs
target="./cdrskin-${skin_release}"
cdrskin_tarball="./cdrskin-${skin_rev}.tar.gz"
cdrskin_tarball_svn="./cdrskin-${skin_rev}.svn.tar.gz"
# (This once earned me an embarrassingly blooping source tarball)
# compile_dir="$changes"
compile_dir="$target"
compile_cmd="./cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh"
compile_static_opts="-static"
compile_result="cdrskin/cdrskin"
man_to_html_cmd="./cdrskin/convert_man_to_html.sh"
man_page_html="cdrskin/man_1_cdrskin.html"
bintarget_dynamic="cdrskin_${skin_rev}-x86-suse9_0"
bintarget_static="$bintarget_dynamic"-static
if test -d "$changes"
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo "$0 : FATAL : no directory $changes" >&2
exit 1
fi
for i in "$target" "$intermediate"
do
if test -e "$i"
then
echo "$0 : FATAL : already existing $i" >&2
exit 2
fi
done
if test -f "$original"
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo "$0 : FATAL : no file $original" >&2
exit 3
fi
# Unpack SVN snapshot.
tar xzf "$original"
# Rename the directory to the cdrskin name
mv "$intermediate" "$target"
# Copy the changes from the development tree
#
cdrskin_dir="$changes"/cdrskin
libburn_dir="$changes"/libburn
cdrskin_target="$target"/cdrskin
libburn_target="$target"/libburn
# Create version timestamp
timestamp="$(date -u '+%Y.%m.%d.%H%M%S')"
echo "$timestamp"
echo '#define Cdrskin_timestamP "'"$timestamp"'"' >"$cdrskin_dir"/cdrskin_timestamp.h
# Add the cdrskin files
if test -e "$cdrskin_target"
then
rm -rf "$cdrskin_target"
fi
cp -a "$cdrskin_dir" "$cdrskin_target"
# Remove copied vim.swp and binaries
rm "$cdrskin_target"/.*.swp
rm "$cdrskin_target"/*.o
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cdrfifo
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cdrskin
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cleanup
for i in std new make old
do
if test -e "$cdrskin_target"/cdrskin_"$i"
then
rm "$cdrskin_target"/cdrskin_"$i"
fi
done
# Remove eventual SVN stuff from cdrskin directory
for i in .deps .dirstamp .libs
do
if test -e "$cdrskin_target"/"$i"
then
rm -rf "$cdrskin_target"/"$i"
fi
done
# Remove GIFs of cdrskin_eng.html
rm "$cdrskin_target"/doener_*.gif "$cdrskin_target"/doener_*.png
# Remove automatically generated HTML man page
rm "$cdrskin_target"/man_1_cdrskin.html
# Remove all add_ts_changes_to_libburn besides this one
for i in "$cdrskin_target"/add_ts_changes_to_libburn*
do
if test $(basename "$0") = $(basename "$i")
then
dummy=dummy
else
rm $i
fi
done
# Remove unwanted SVN stuff (TODO: avoid downloading it)
for i in "$target"/.svn "$target"/*/.svn
do
if test "$i" = "$target"'/*/.svn'
then
dummy=dummy
else
if test -e "$i"
then
rm -rf "$i"
fi
fi
done
# Make SVN state tarball for the libburn team
tar czf "$cdrskin_tarball_svn" "$target"
# Get over dependecy on autotools. Rely only on cc, make et. al.
# This is not the same as "make dist" but i can do it without
# having to evaluate the quality of said "make dist"
#
( cd "$target" ; ./bootstrap )
# Remove unwanted stuff after bootstrap
for i in "$target"/autom4te.cache
do
if echo "$i" | grep '\*' >/dev/null
then
dummy=dummy
else
if test -e "$i"
then
rm -rf "$i"
fi
fi
done
# Repair non-portable shell code output of ./bootstrap
(
cd "$compile_dir" || exit 1
sed -e 's/^for ac_header in$/test -z 1 \&\& for ac_header in dummy/' \
< ./configure > ./configure-repaired
if test "$?" = 0
then
echo "$0: Empty 'for ac_header in' found in configure." >&2
fi
mv ./configure-repaired ./configure
chmod a+rx,go-w,u+w ./configure
)
# Pack it up to the new libburn+cdrskin-tarball
tar czf "$cdrskin_tarball" "$target"
# Produce a static and a dynamic binary, and a HTML man page
(
cd "$compile_dir" || exit 1
./configure
make
"$compile_cmd" -libburn_svn -O2 -do_strip
cp "$compile_result" "../$bintarget_dynamic"
if test -n "$compile_static_opts"
then
"$compile_cmd" $compile_static_opts -libburn_svn -O2 -do_strip
cp "$compile_result" "../$bintarget_static"
fi
"$man_to_html_cmd"
mv "$man_page_html" ..
)
# Remove the build area
# Disable this for debugging the merge process
rm -rf "$target"
# Show the result
./"$bintarget_dynamic" -version
./"$bintarget_static" -version
ls -l "$cdrskin_tarball"
ls -l "$bintarget_dynamic"
ls -l "$bintarget_static"
ls -l $(basename "$man_page_html")

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#!/bin/sh
#
# Spying on the call to cdrecord.
#
# Move $(which cdrecord) to $(dirname $(which cdrecord))/real_cdrecord .
# Install this sript instead. (Do not forget to revoke this after the test.)
#
# The report target is set in variable rt.
# The default is this file :
rt=/tmp/cdrecord_spy_log
# To use a bystanding xterm as target i find out the pty address by
# executing in that terminal
# sleep 12345
# and then running in another terminal
# ps -ef | grep 'sleep 12345'
# which answers something like
# thomas 21303 30518 0 14:02 pts/23 00:00:00 sleep 12345
# thomas 21421 30523 0 14:02 pts/24 00:00:00 grep sleep 12345
# from which i learn that pts/23 is sleeping 12345. Now sleep can be aborted.
#
# rt=/dev/pts/23
echo '------------------------------------- cdrecord_spy 0.1.0 -------' >>"$rt"
date >>"$rt"
echo '----------------------------------------------------------------' >>"$rt"
echo "$0" >>"$rt"
for i in "$@"
do
echo "$i" >>"$rt"
done
echo '------------------------------------- cdrecord_spy 0.1.0 - end -' >>"$rt"
real_cdrecord "$@"

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/*
cdrfifo.c , Copyright 2006 Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
A fd-to-fd or fd-to-memory fifo to be used within cdrskin or independently.
By chaining of fifo objects, several fifos can be run simultaneously
in fd-to-fd mode. Modes are controlled by parameter flag of
Cdrfifo_try_to_work().
Provided under GPL license within cdrskin and under BSD license elsewise.
*/
#ifndef Cdrfifo_headerfile_includeD
#define Cdrfifo_headerfile_includeD
/** The fifo buffer which will smoothen the data stream from data provider
to data consumer. Although this is not a mandatory lifesaver for modern
burners any more, a fifo can speed up burning of data which is delivered
with varying bandwidths (e.g. compressed archives created on the fly
or mkisofs running at its speed limit.).
This structure is opaque to applications and may only be used via
the Cdrfifo*() methods described in cdrfifo.h .
*/
struct CdrfifO;
/** Create a fifo object.
@param ff Returns the address of the new object.
@param source_fd Filedescriptor opened to a readable data stream.
@param dest_fd Filedescriptor opened to a writable data stream.
To work with libburn, it needs to be attached to a
struct burn_source object.
@param chunk_size Size of buffer block for a single transaction (0=default)
@param buffer_size Size of fifo buffer
@param flag unused yet
@return 1 on success, <=0 on failure
*/
int Cdrfifo_new(struct CdrfifO **ff, int source_fd, int dest_fd,
int chunk_size, int buffer_size, int flag);
/** Release from memory a fifo object previously created by Cdrfifo_new().
@param ff The victim (gets returned as NULL, call can stand *ff==NULL)
@param flag Bitfield for control purposes:
bit0= do not close destination fd
*/
int Cdrfifo_destroy(struct CdrfifO **ff, int flag);
/** Close any output fds */
int Cdrfifo_close(struct CdrfifO *o, int flag);
/** Close any output fds of o and its chain peers */
int Cdrfifo_close_all(struct CdrfifO *o, int flag);
int Cdrfifo_get_sizes(struct CdrfifO *o, int *chunk_size, int *buffer_size,
int flag);
/** Set a speed limit for buffer output.
@param o The fifo object
@param bytes_per_second >0 catch up slowdowns over the whole run time
<0 catch up slowdowns only over one interval
=0 disable speed limit
*/
int Cdrfifo_set_speed_limit(struct CdrfifO *o, double bytes_per_second,
int flag);
/** Set a fixed size for input in order to cut off any unwanted tail
@param o The fifo object
@param idx index for fds attached via Cdrfifo_attach_follow_up_fds(),
first attached is 0, <0 directs limit to active fd limit
(i.e. first track is -1, second track is 0, third is 1, ...)
*/
int Cdrfifo_set_fd_in_limit(struct CdrfifO *o, double fd_in_limit, int idx,
int flag);
int Cdrfifo_set_fds(struct CdrfifO *o, int source_fd, int dest_fd, int flag);
int Cdrfifo_get_fds(struct CdrfifO *o, int *source_fd, int *dest_fd, int flag);
/** Attach a further pair of input and output fd which will use the same
fifo buffer when its predecessors are exhausted. Reading will start as
soon as reading of the predecessor encounters EOF. Writing will start
as soon as all pending predecessor data are written.
@return index number of new item + 1, <=0 indicates error
*/
int Cdrfifo_attach_follow_up_fds(struct CdrfifO *o, int source_fd, int dest_fd,
int flag);
/** Attach a further fifo which shall be processed simultaneously with this
one by Cdrfifo_try_to_work() in fd-to-fd mode.
*/
int Cdrfifo_attach_peer(struct CdrfifO *o, struct CdrfifO *next, int flag);
/** Obtain buffer state.
@param o The buffer object
@param fill Returns the number of pending payload bytes in the buffer
@param space Returns the number of unused buffer bytes
@param flag unused yet
@return -1=error , 0=inactive , 1=reading and writing ,
2=reading ended (but still writing)
*/
int Cdrfifo_get_buffer_state(struct CdrfifO *o,int *fill,int *space,int flag);
int Cdrfifo_get_counters(struct CdrfifO *o,
double *in_counter, double *out_counter, int flag);
/** reads min_fill and begins measurement interval for next min_fill */
int Cdrfifo_next_interval(struct CdrfifO *o, int *min_fill, int flag);
int Cdrfifo_get_min_fill(struct CdrfifO *o, int *total_min_fill,
int *interval_min_fill, int flag);
int Cdrfifo_get_cdr_counters(struct CdrfifO *o,
double *put_counter, double *get_counter,
double *empty_counter, double *full_counter,
int flag);
/** Inquire the eventually detected size of an eventual ISO-9660 file system
@return 0=no ISO resp. size detected, 1=size_in_bytes is valid
*/
int Cdrfifo_get_iso_fs_size(struct CdrfifO *o, double *size_in_bytes,int flag);
/** Check for pending data at the fifo's source file descriptor and wether the
fifo is ready to take them. Simultaneously check the buffer for existing
data and the destination fd for readiness to accept some. If so, a small
chunk of data is transfered to and/or from the fifo.
This is done for the given fifo object and all members of its next-chain.
The check and transactions are repeated until a given timespan has elapsed.
libburn applications call this function in the burn loop instead of sleep().
It may also be used instead of read(). Then it returns as soon as an output
transaction would be performed. See flag:bit2.
@param o The fifo object
@param wait_usec The time in microseconds after which the function shall
return.
@param reply_buffer with bit2: Returns write-ready buffer chunk and must
be able to take at least chunk_size bytes
@param reply_count with bit2: Returns number of writeable bytes in reply_pt
@param flag Bitfield for control purposes:
bit0= Enable debug pacifier (same with Cdrfifo_debuG)
bit1= Do not write, just fill buffer
bit2= fd-to-memory mode (else fd-to-fd mode):
Rather than writing a chunk return it and its size.
No simultaneous processing of chained fifos.
bit3= With bit2: do not check destination fd for readiness
@return <0 = error , 0 = idle , 1 = did some work , 2 = all work is done
*/
int Cdrfifo_try_to_work(struct CdrfifO *o, int wait_usec,
char *reply_buffer, int *reply_count, int flag);
/** Fill the fifo as far as possible without writing to destination fd.
@param size if >=0 : end filling after the given number of bytes
@return 1 on success, <=0 on failure
*/
int Cdrfifo_fill(struct CdrfifO *o, int size, int flag);
#endif /* Cdrfifo_headerfile_includeD */

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.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
.TH CDRSKIN 1 "July 19, 2007"
.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
.\"
.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
.\" .nh disable hyphenation
.\" .hy enable hyphenation
.\" .ad l left justify
.\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins
.\" .nf disable filling
.\" .fi enable filling
.\" .br insert line break
.\" .sp <n> insert n+1 empty lines
.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
.SH NAME
cdrskin \- burns preformatted data to CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], DVD+R[W], DVD-RAM
via libburn.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B cdrskin
.RI [ options | track_source_addresses ]
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
.\" TeX users may be more comfortable with the \fB<whatever>\fP and
.\" \fI<whatever>\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics,
.\" respectively.
.PP
\fBcdrskin\fP is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options
in a compatible way for CD media. With DVD it has its own ways.
You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage.
.PP
.B Overview of features:
.br
Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW.
.br
Burning of data or audio tracks to CD,
.br
either in versatile Track at Once mode (TAO)
.br
or in Session at Once mode for seamless tracks.
.br
Multi session on CD (follow-up sessions in TAO only)
.br
or on DVD-R[W] (in Incremental mode) or on DVD+R.
.br
Single session on DVD-RW or DVD-R (Disk-at-once)
.br
or on overwriteable DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM.
.br
Bus scan, burnfree, speed options, retrieving media info, padding, fifo.
.br
See section EXAMPLES at the end of this text.
.PP
.B General information paragraphs:
.br
Track recording model
.br
Write mode selection
.br
Recordable CD Media
.br
Sequentially Recordable DVD Media
.br
Overwriteable DVD Media
.br
Drive preparation and addressing
.PP
.B Track recording model:
.br
The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks.
A \fBtrack\fP stores a stream of bytes.
.br
Each track is initiated by one track source address argument, which may either
be "-" for standard input or the address of a readable file. If no write mode
is given explicitely then one will be chosen which matches the peculiarities
of track sources and the state of the output media.
.PP
More than one track can be burned by a single run of cdrskin.
In the terms of the MMC standard all tracks written by the same run constitute
a \fBsession\fP.
.br
Some media types can be kept appendable so that further tracks can
be written to them in subsequent runs of cdrskin (see option -multi).
Info about the addresses of burned tracks is kept in a table of
content (TOC) on media and can be retrieved via cdrskin option -toc.
These informations are also used by the operating systems' CD-ROM read drivers.
.PP
In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio. They differ in
sector size, throughput and readability via the systems' CD-ROM drivers
resp. by music CD players. With DVD there is only type data.
.br
If not explicitely option -audio is given, then any track is burned as type
data, unless the track source is a file with suffix ".wav" or ".au" and has a
header part which identifies it as MS-WAVE resp. SUN Audio with suitable
parameters. Such files are burned as audio tracks by default.
.PP
While audio tracks just contain a given time span of acoustic vibrations,
data tracks may have an arbitray meaning. Nevertheless, ISO-9660 filesystems
are established as a format which can represent a tree of directories and
files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images can be
produced by programs mkisofs or genisoimage. They can also be extended by
follow-up tracks if prepared properly. See the man pages of said programs.
cdrskin is able to fulfill the needs about their option -C.
.br
Another type of data track content are archive formats which originally
have been developed for magnetic tapes. Only formats which mark a detectable
end-of-archive in their data are suitable, though. Well tested are
the archivers afio and star. Not suitable seems GNU tar.
.PP
.B Write mode selection:
.br
If none of the options -dao, -tao or -sao is given then the program will
try to choose a write mode which matches the defined recording job,
the capabilities of the drive and the state of the present media.
.br
So the mentioning of write modes in the following paragraphs and in the
examples is not so much a demand that the user shall choose one explicitely,
but rather an illustration of what to expect with particular media types.
.PP
.B Recordable CD Media:
.br
CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually extended until they
get closed (or are spoiled because they are overly full). After that they are
read-only. Closing is done automatically unless option
.B -multi
is given which keeps the media appendable.
.br
There are two write modes,
.B -tao
and
.B -sao .
.br
-tao allows to use track source of unpredictable length (like stdin) and allows
to write further sessions to appendable media. -sao produces audio sessions
with seamless tracks but needs predicted track sizes and cannot append sessions
to media.
.br
CD-RW media can be blanked to make them re-usable for another
round of overwriting. Usually
.B blank=fast
is the appropriate option.
Blanking damages the previous content but does not
make it completely unreadable. It is no effective privacy precaution.
Multiple cycles of blanking and overwriting with random numbers might be.
.PP
.B Sequentially Recordable DVD Media:
.br
Currently DVD-RW, DVD-R and DVD+R can be used for the Sequential recording
model.
.br
DVD-RW must be in state "Sequential Recording".
The media must be either blank or appendable.
Newly purchased DVD-RW and DVD-R media are in this state.
Used DVD-RW get into blank sequential state by option
.B blank=deformat_sequential .
.br
With DVD-R[W] two write modes may be available:
.br
Mode DAO has many restrictions. It does not work with
appendable media, allows no -multi and only a single track. The size of the
track needs to be known in advance. So either its source has to be a disk file
of recognizable size or the size has to be announced explicitely by options
.B tsize=
or
.B tao_to_sao_tsize= .
.br
DAO is the only mode for media which do not offer feature 21h Incremental
Streaming. DAO may also be selected explicitely by option
.B -sao .
Program growisofs uses DAO on sequential DVD-R[W] media for maximum
DVD-ROM/-Video compatibility.
.br
The other mode, Incremental Streaming, is the default write mode if
it is available and if the restrictions of DAO would prevent the job.
Incremental Streaming may be selected explicitely by option
.B -tao
as it resembles much CD TAO by allowing track sources of
unpredicted length and to keep media appendable by option
.B -multi .
The only restriction towards CD-R[W] is the lack of support for -audio tracks.
Multiple tracks per session are permissible.
.br
The write modes for DVD+R resemble those with DVD-R except that with DVD+R
each track gets wrapped in an own session. There is no -dummy writing with
DVD+R.
.br
Quite deliberately write mode -sao insists in the tradition of a predicted
track size and blank media, whereas -tao writes the tracks open ended and
allows appendable media.
.PP
.B Overwriteable DVD Media:
.br
Currently types DVD+RW, DVD-RW and DVD-RAM can be overwritten via cdrskin.
.br
DVD+RW and DVD-RAM media get treated as blank media regardless wether they
hold data or not. They need no special initial formatting.
Options -audio and -multi are not allowed. Only one track is allowed.
-toc does not return information about the media content.
Currently there is no difference between -sao and -tao. If ever, then -tao
will be the mode which preserves the current behavior.
.br
DVD-RW are sold in state "Sequential Recording". To become suitable for the
Overwriteable DVD recording model they need to get formatted to state
"Restricted Overwrite". Then they behave much like DVD+RW. This formatting
can be done by option
.B blank=format_overwrite .
.br
Several programs like dvd+rw-format, cdrecord, wodim, or cdrskin
can bring a DVD-RW out of overwriteable state so
that it has to be formatted again. If in doubt, just give it a try.
.PP
.B Drive preparation and addressing:
.br
The drives, either CD burners or DVD burners, are accessed via addresses which
are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed
by a run of \fBcdrskin --devices\fP.
.br
On Linux, they are device files which traditionally do not offer
w-permissions for normal users. Because libburn needs rw-permission,
it might be only the
.B superuser
who is able to get this list without further
precautions.
.br
It is consensus that \fBchmod a+rw /dev/sr0\fP or \fBchmod a+rw /dev/hdc\fP
is less security sensitive than chmod u+s /usr/bin/cdrskin. The risk for the
drive is somewhat higher but the overall system is much less at stake.
.br
.PP
If you only got one CD capable drive then you may leave out cdrskin option
\fBdev=\fP. Else you should use this option to address the drive you want.
.br
cdrskin option dev= not only accepts the listed addresses but also
traditional cdrecord SCSI addresses which on Linux consist of three
numbers: Bus,Target,Lun. There is also a related address family "ATA" which
accesses IDE drives not under control of Linux SCSI drivers:
ATA:Bus,Target,Lun.
.br
See option -scanbus for getting a list of cdrecord style addresses.
.br
Further are accepted on Linux: links to libburn-suitable device files,
device files which have the same major and minor device number,
and device files which have the same SCSI address parameters (e.g. /dev/sg0).
.br
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.BI \-\-help
Show non-cdrecord compatible options.
.TP
.BI \-help
Show cdrecord compatible options.
.TP
.BI \-version
Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin
version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit.
.PP
Alphabetical list of options which are intended to be compatible with
original cdrecord by Joerg Schilling:
.TP
.BI \-atip
Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable".
With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text.
.TP
.BI \-audio
Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio.
The source is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit,
stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option
-swab. Unless marked explicitely by option -data, input files with suffix
".wav" are examined wether they have a header in MS-WAVE format confirming
those parameters and eventually raw audio data get extracted and burned as
audio track. Same is done for suffix ".au" and SUN Audio.
.br
Option -audio may be used only with CD media and not with DVD.
.TP
.BI blank= type
Blank a CD-RW, a DVD-RW, or format a DVD+/-RW.
This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin.
The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
.RS
.TP
help
Print this list of blanking types.
.TP
all
Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW.
(See also --prodvd_cli_compatible)
.TP
fast
Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank an unformatted DVD-RW.
(See also --prodvd_cli_compatible)
.TP
format_overwrite
Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The user should bring some patience.
.br
(Note: blank=format_overwrite* are not original cdrecord options.)
.TP
format_overwrite_quickest
Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MiB trailblazer session.
Leads to "intermediate" state which only allows sequential write
beginning from address 0.
The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writing data.
.TP
format_overwrite_full
For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full media size
rather than just 128 MiB.
Most traditional formatting is attempted. No data get written.
Much patience is required.
.br
This option treats already formatted media even if not option -force is given.
.br
For DVD+RW this is the only supported explicit formatting type. It provides
complete "de-icing" so no reader slips on unwritten data areas.
.TP
deformat_sequential
Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank overwriteable DVD-RW.
This will destroy their formatting and make them sequentially recordable.
Another peculiarity is the ability to blank media which appear already blank.
This is similar to option -force but does not try to blank media other than
recognizable CD-RW and DVD-RW.
.br
(Note: blank=deformat_sequential* are not original cdrecord options.)
.TP
deformat_sequential_quickest
Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally.
This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of
Incremental Streaming (-tao).
.RE
.TP
.BI \-checkdrive
Retrieve some info about the addressed drive.
Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
.TP
.BI \-dao
Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode
or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode.
.TP
.BI \-data
Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio.
.TP
.BI dev= target
Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
addresses listed with option --devices,
X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus,
ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options dev=ATA -scanbus,
and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0").
Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive might work too.
.br
If no dev= is given, volatile address "dev=0" is assumed. That is the first
drive found being available. Better avoid this ambiguity on systems with more
than one drive.
.br
The special target "help" lists hints about available addressing formats.
Be aware that deprecated option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr may change the meaning
of Bus,Target,Lun addresses.
.TP
.BI driveropts= opt
Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive's eventual protection
mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buffer underrun).
A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway,
even if attempted explicitely via "driveropts=burnfree".
.TP
.BI \-dummy
Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted
media. There is no warranty that this will work with a particular combination
of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though.
To avoid inadverted real burning, -dummy refuses burn runs on anything but
CD-R[W] and DVD-R[W].
.TP
.BI \-eject
Eject the disc after work is done.
.TP
.BI \-force
Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn are
insecure about drive or media state. This includes the attempt to blank
media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable, and the attempt to use
write modes which libburn believes they are not supported by the drive.
.br
Another application is to enforce blanking or re-formatting of media
which appear to be in the desired blank or format state already.
.br
This option enables a burn run with option -dummy even if libburn believes
that drive and media will not simulate the write mode but will write for real.
.br
.B Caution:
Use this only when in urgent need.
.TP
.BI fs= size
Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have appended letters which
multiply the preceding number:
.br
"k" or "K" = 1024 , "m" or "M" = 1024k , "g" or "G" = 1024m , "s" or "S" = 2048
.br
Set size to 0 in order to disable the fifo (default is "4m").
.br
The fifo buffers an eventual temporary surplus of track source data in order to
provide the drive with a steady stream during times of temporary lack of track
source supply.
The larger the fifo, the longer periods of poor source supply can be
compensated.
But a large fifo needs substantial time to fill up if not curbed via
option fifo_start_at=size.
.TP
.BI gracetime= seconds
Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0)
.TP
.BI -isosize
The next track following this option will try to obtain its source size from
the header information out of the first few blocks of the source data.
If these blocks indicate an ISO-9660 filesystem then its declared size
will be used under the assumption that it is a single session filesystem.
.br
If not, then the burn run will be aborted.
.br
The range of -isosize is exactly one track. Further tracks may be preceeded
by further -isosize options, though. At least 15 blocks of padding will be
added to each -isosize track. But be advised to rather use padsize=300k.
.br
This option can be performed on track sources which are regular files or block
devices. For the first track of the session it can be performed on any type
of source if there is a fifo of at least 64 kiB. See option fs= .
.TP
.BI minbuf= percentage
Equivalent to:
.br
modesty_on_drive=1:min_percent=<percentage>:max_percent=95
.br
Percentage is permissible between 25 and 95.
.TP
.BI msifile= path
Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file given by path.
Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect all normal output away from
standard output. But it may be combined with -msinfo to achieve this.
.br
Note: msifile=path is actually an option of wodim and not of cdrecord.
.TP
.BI \-msinfo
Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up session by option -C
of programs mkisofs or genisoimage. Print result to standard output.
This option redirects to stderr all message output except the one of option
--tell_media_space and its own result string, which consists of two numbers.
The result string shall be used as argument of option -C with said programs.
It gives the start address of the most recent session and the predicted
start address of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if
the most recent session was not written with option -multi.
.TP
.BI \-multi
This option keeps the CD or unformatted DVD-R[W] appendable after the current
session has been written.
Without it the disc gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it
is a -RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content.
.br
The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode. -multi is prohibited
with overwriteable DVD media and with DVD-R[W] DAO write mode.
Option --prodvd_cli_compatible eventually makes -multi tolerable but cannot
make it work.
.br
In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual ISO-9660
filesystem of a follow-up
session needs to be prepared in a special way by the filesystem formatter
program. mkisofs and genisoimage expect particular info about the situation
which can be retrieved by cdrskin option -msinfo.
.br
To retrieve an archive file which was written as follow-up session,
you may use option -toc to learn about the "lba" of the desired track number.
.TP
.BI \-nopad
Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems
to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies
only to data tracks. There it is default.
.TP
.BI \-pad
Add 30 kiB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to
avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.)
.TP
.BI padsize= size
Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option
gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set
again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
.TP
.BI \-raw96r
Write CD in RAW/RAW96R mode. This mode allows to put more payload bytes
into a CD sector but obviously at the cost of error correction. It can only
be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. Some drives allow this mode but
then behave strange or even go bad for the next few attempts to burn a CD.
One should use it only if inavoidable.
.TP
.BI \-sao
Write CD in Session At Once mode, a sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once
(DAO) mode, or a DVD+R.
.br
With CD this mode is able to put several audio tracks on media without
producing audible gaps between them.
.br
With DVD-R[W] this mode can only write a single track.
No -multi is allowed with DVD-R[W] -sao.
.br
-sao is permissible with overwriteable DVD and with DVD+R but actually only
imposes restrictions without providing known advantages.
.br
-sao can only be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that
track arguments which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceeded by
option tsize= or by option tao_to_sao_tsize=.
.br
-sao cannot be used on appendable media.
.TP
.BI \-scanbus
Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd*
are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and
one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all available
drives in a single run.)
.br
Drives which are busy or which offer no rw-permission to the user of cdrskin
are not listed. Busy drives get reported in form of warning messages.
.br
The useful fields in a result line are:
.br
Bus,Target,Lun Number) 'Vendor' 'Mode' 'Revision'
.TP
.BI speed= number
Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a throughput of
150,000 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second.
It is not an error to set a speed higher than is suitable for drive
and media. One should stay within a realistic speed range, though.
Special speed settings are:
.br
0 = minimal speed , -1 = maximal speed (default).
.TP
.BI \-swab
Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped
versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where
the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel).
Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order.
Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with
suffix ".wav".
.TP
.BI \-tao
Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental
Streaming mode, or DVD+R without traditional -sao restrictions.
This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable DVD media.
.br
Mode -tao can be used with track sources of unpredictable size, like standard
input or named pipes. It is also the only mode that can be used for writing
to appendable media which already hold data. With unformatted DVD-R[W] it is
the only mode which allows -multi.
.TP
.BI \-toc
Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on disc.
The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which begin with
"track:", the track number, the word "lba:" and a number which gives the
start address of the track. Addresses are counted in CD sectors which with
SAO or TAO data tracks hold 2048 bytes each.
.RS
.TP
Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2:
.br
tracknumber=2
.br
lba=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/cdrom -toc 2>&1 | \\
.br
grep '^track:[ ]*[ 0-9][0-9]' | \\
.br
tail +"$tracknumber" | head -1 | \\
.br
awk '{ print $4}' )
.br
dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 skip="$lba" | \\
.br
afio -t - | less
.RE
.TP
.BI tsize= size
Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is necessary with any
write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a regular disk file, but
e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named pipe.
About size specifiers, see option fs=.
.br
If the track source does not deliver the predicted amount of bytes, the
remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is not considered an error.
If on the other hand the track source delivers more than the announced bytes
then the track on media gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits
with non-zero value.
.TP
.BI \-v
Increment verbose level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages.
Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes
some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options.
Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or
startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with
somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode.
.PP
Alphabetical list of options which are genuine to cdrskin and intended for
normal use:
.TP
.BI \--adjust_speed_to_drive
Curb explicitely given speed= values to the maximum which is announced by the
drive for the loaded media. By default, such an adjustment is only made with
pseudo-speeds 0 and -1 whereas speed settings > 0 are sent unchanged to the
drive which will then choose an appropriate speed on its own.
.TP
.BI \--allow_setuid
Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and
effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary.
One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition.
.TP
.BI \--any_track
Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to
contain a "=" character.
By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless
not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
.TP
.BI assert_write_lba= block_number | byte_address
Abort if the write address given with this option is not the same as predicted
immediately before the write session starts. This option can ensure that a
start address which was presumed by a formatter like mkisofs -C is really used
by the drive for writing.
assert_write_lba=0 effectively demands blank media and excludes appendables.
.br
Block numbering is peculiar: If the last character of the option string is
a letter [a-zA-Z] then the usual unit scaling by "s", "k", "m", etc. applies
and the result is divided by 2048. Else the number value of the string is
taken as plain block number with block size 2048 byte.
(E.g ...=1000 or ...=1000s means block 1000, ...=1m means block
512, ...=4096b means block number 2)
.TP
.BI \--demand_a_drive
Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
.TP
.BI \--devices
List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives. In order to get
listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may
not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle drives listed and
busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages.
.br
Each available drive gets listed by a line containing the following fields:
.br
Number dev='Devicefile' rw-Permissions : 'Vendor' 'Model'
.br
Number and Devicefile can both be used with option dev=, but number is
volatile (numbering changes if drives become busy).
.TP
.BI fifo_start_at= size
Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number
of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput
near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small
fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to
compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning,
the software protection against buffer underun is as weak as the size of
fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which
is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given.
.TP
.BI \--list_ignored_options
List all ignored cdrecord options. The "-" options cannot be used as addresses
of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an
option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line.
.TP
.BI \--no_rc
Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and
interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
.TP
.BI \--prodvd_cli_compatible
Activates behavior modifications with some DVD situations which bring cdrskin
nearer to the behavior of cdrecord-ProDVD:
.br
Option -multi with unsuitable media is not an error but simply has no effect.
.br
Options blank=fast and blank=all deformat overwriteable DVD-RW media.
.br
Option blank=fast does indeed minmal blanking with DVD-RW. This may yield media
which can only do DAO but not Incremental Streaming.
.TP
.BI \--single_track
Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
.TP
.BI tao_to_sao_tsize= size
Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track
source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified and an
exact track size prediction is demanded by the write mode.
.br
This was the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn
in mode -tao . It came back with minimally blanked DVD-RW which allow no
Incremental Streaming (-tao) resp. with explicitly selected write mode -sao
for best DVD-ROM compatibility.
.br
If the track source delivers less bytes than announced then the missing ones
will be filled with zeros.
.TP
.BI --tell_media_space
Prepare a recording session, do not perform it but rather inquire the
maximum number of 2048 byte data blocks which may be written in
the current state of media with the prepared setup. So this option disables
recording of data. It does allow blanking, though, and will measure space
afterwards.
.br
It is not mandatory to give track sources but their nature may influence
the available capacity. So for most realistic results one may set up
the full burn session and add --tell_media_space. But if one has to expect
a cdrskin version prior to 0.3.3 no track source should be given in order
not to start an involuntary burn session.
In this case set at least -sao or -tao explicitely.
.br
The result gets printed to standard output. It is 0 or empty if no writing
is possible with the given options.
This option redirects to stderr all message output except its own result
string and eventual output of -msinfo.
.TP
.BI write_start_address= byte_offset
Set the address on media where to start writing the track. With DVD+RW or
DVD-RAM byte_offset must be aligned to 2 kiB blocks, but better is 32 kiB.
With DVD-RW 32 kiB alignment is mandatory.
.br
Other media are not suitable for this option yet.
.PP
Alphabetical list of options which are only intended for very special
situations and not for normal use:
.TP
.BI \--abort_handler
Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state
but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations.
This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or
--no_abort_handler.
.TP
.BI \--allow_untested_media
Enable the use of media profiles which have been implemented but not yet
tested. Currently this applies to :
.br
Profile 0015h , DVD-R/DL Sequential (will not allow -multi).
.br
Profile 002Bh , DVD+R/DL.
.br
If you really test such media, then please report the outcome on
libburn-hackers@pykix.org
.TP
.BI dev_translation= <sep><from><sep><to>
Set drive address alias. This was necessary before cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually
translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin addresses.
.br
<sep> is a single character which may not occur in the address string
<from>. <from> is an address as expected to be given by the user via option
dev=. <to> is the address to be used instead whenever <from> is given.
More than one translation instruction can be given in one cdrskin run.
.br
E.g.: dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sr1 dev_translation=+ATA:1,1,0+/dev/sr2
.TP
.BI \--drive_abort_on_busy
Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered.
.TP
.BI \--drive_blocking
Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free.
This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o.
.TP
.BI \--drive_f_setlk
Linux specific: Try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2).
.TP
.BI \--drive_not_exclusive
Linux specific: Combine --drive_not_f_setlk and --drive_not_o_excl.
.TP
.BI \--drive_not_f_setlk
Linux specific: Do not try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via
fcntl(2).
.TP
.BI \--drive_not_o_excl
Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives.
Wether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel.
.TP
.BI drive_scsi_dev_family= sr | scd | sg
Linux specific: Select a SCSI device file family to be used for drive command
transactions. Normally this is /dev/sgN on kernel versions < 2.6 and /dev/srN
on kernels >= 2.6 . This option allows to explicitely override that default
in order to meet other programs at a common device file for each drive.
On kernel 2.4 families sr and scd will find no drives.
.br
Device file family /dev/hdX on kernel >= 2.6 is not affected by this setting.
.TP
.BI \--drive_scsi_exclusive
Linux specific:
Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/sgK of drives.
This would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs.
Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to
work. Wether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated.
.TP
.BI \--fifo_disable
Disable fifo despite any fs=.
.TP
.BI \--fifo_per_track
Use a separate fifo for each track.
.TP
.BI \--fill_up_media
Expand the last track of the session to occupy all remaining free space on
the media.
.br
This option overrides option -multi. It will not fill up media if option -sao
is given with CD media.
.br
.B Caution:
This option might increase read compatibility with DVD-ROM drives but
with some DVD recorders and media types it might also fail to produce readable
media at all. "Your mileage may vary".
.TP
.BI grab_drive_and_wait= seconds
Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive,
and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps
to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a
second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still
active.
.TP
.BI \--ignore_signals
Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a
very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin
to finish.
.TP
.BI modesty_on_drive= <mode>[:min_percent=<num>][:max_percent=<num>]
Mode 1 keeps the program from trying to write to the burner drive while its
buffer is in danger to be filled by more than max_percent. If this filling is
exceeded then the program will wait until the filling is at most min_percent.
.br
This can ease the load on operating system and drive controller and thus help
with achieving better input bandwidth if disk and burner are not on independent
controllers (like hda and hdb). Unsufficient input bandwidth is indicated by
output "(fifo xy%)" of option -v if xy is lower than 90 for some time.
modesty_on_drive= might hamper output bandwidth and cause buffer underruns.
.br
To have max_percent larger than the burner's best actual
buffer fill has the same effect as min_percent==max_percent. Some burners
do not use their full buffer with all media types. Watch output "[buf xy%]"
of option -v to get an impression of the actual buffer usage. Some burners
are not suitable because they report buffer fill with granularity too large
in size or time.
.br
Mode 0 disables this feature. Mode -1 keeps it unchanged. Default is:
.br
modesty_on_drive=0:min_percent=65:max_percent=95
.br
Percentages are permissible in the range of 25 to 100.
.TP
.BI \--no_abort_handler
On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good
idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
.TP
.BI \--no_blank_appendable
Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once
builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
.TP
.BI \--no_convert_fs_adr
Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from test-opening
device files in order to find one that matches the given dev= specifier.
.br
Partly Linux specific:
Such opening is needed for Bus,Target,Lun addresses unless option
--old_pseudo_scsi_adr is given. It is also needed to resolve device file
addresses which are not listed with cdrskin --devices but nevertheless point
to a usable drive. (Like /dev/sg0 using the same SCSI address as /dev/sr0.)
.TP
.BI \--old_pseudo_scsi_adr
Linux specific:
Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and
pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with
original cdrecord.
.br
.SH EXAMPLES
.SS
.B Get an overview of drives and their addresses:
.br
cdrskin -scanbus
.br
cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus
.br
cdrskin --devices
.SS
.B Get info about a particular drive or loaded media:
.br
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive
.br
cdrskin dev=ATA:1,0,0 -v -atip
.br
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -toc
.SS
.B Make used CD-RW or used unformatted DVD-RW writable again:
.br
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=fast -eject
.br
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/dvd blank=all -eject
.SS
.B Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:
.br
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite
.SS
.B De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:
.br
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential
.SS
.B Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:
.br
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \\
.br
-sao -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso
.SS
.B Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly (not possible with minimally blanked DVD-RW):
.br
find . | afio -oZ - | \\
.br
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 \\
.br
-tao padsize=300k -
.SS
.B Write multi-session to the same CD, DVD-R[W] or DVD+R:
.br
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 1.iso
.br
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 2.iso
.br
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 3.iso
.br
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -tao 4.iso
.SS
.B Get multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:
.br
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo 2>/dev/null)
.br
mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ...
.SS
.B Inquire free space on media for a -tao -multi run:
.br
x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -tao -multi \\
.br
--tell_media_space 2>/dev/null)
.br
echo "Available: $x blocks of 2048 data bytes"
.SS
.B Write audio tracks to CD:
.br
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \\
.br
track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw
.br
.SH FILES
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on
startup to read the arguments from the following files:
.PP
.br
.B /etc/default/cdrskin
.br
.B /etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
.br
.B /etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf
.br
.B $HOME/.cdrskinrc
.br
.PP
The files are read in the sequence given above, but none of them is
required for cdrskin to function properly. Each readable line is treated
as one single argument. No extra blanks.
A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored.
.SS
.B Example content of a startup file:
.br
# This is the default device
.br
dev=0,1,0
.br
# To accomodate to remnant cdrskin-0.2.2 addresses
.br
dev_translation=+1,0,0+0,1,0
.br
# Some more options
.br
fifo_start_at=0
.br
fs=16m
.br
.SH SEE ALSO
.TP
Formatting data track sources for cdrskin:
.br
.BR mkisofs (8),
.BR genisoimage (8),
.BR afio (1),
.BR star (1)
.br
.TP
Other CD/DVD burn programs:
.br
.BR cdrecord (1),
.BR wodim (1)
.br
.TP
For DVD burning (also tutor of libburn's DVD capabilities):
.br
.BR growisofs (1)
.br
.SH AUTHOR
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>.
.PP
This manual page was written by George Danchev <danchev@spnet.net> and
Thomas Schmitt, for the Debian project and for all others.

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="cdrskin, a limited cdrecord compatibility wrapper for libburn">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="cdrskin, libburn, libburnia, burn, CD, DVD, linux, recording, burning, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD+R, cdrecord, compatible, scdbackup">
<META NAME="robots" CONTENT="follow">
<TITLE>cdrskin homepage english</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#F5DEB3" TEXT=#000000 LINK=#0000A0 VLINK=#800000>
<FONT SIZE=+1>
<CENTER>
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab">
<IMG SRC="doener_150x200_tr_octx.png" BORDER=0
ALT="cdrskin logo: Doener mit Scharf">
</A>
<P><H2> Homepage of </H2>
<H1> cdrskin </H1>
<!-- <FONT SIZE=+0><A HREF="cdrskin_ger.html">deutsch (german)</A></FONT> -->
<H2>Limited cdrecord compatibility wrapper for libburn</H2>
</CENTER>
<P>
<H2>Purpose:</H2>
Burns preformatted data to CD and single layer DVD media:<BR>
CD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R, CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+RW
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<P>
<H2>Hardware requirements:</H2>
A CD/DVD recorder suitable for
<A HREF="http://libburnia.pykix.org">libburnia.pykix.org</A> <BR>
(SCSI , ATA , USB , or SATA writers compliant to standard MMC-3 for CD
and to MMC-5 for DVD).
<BR>
</P>
<P>
<H2>Software requirements :</H2>
<DL>
<DT>Linux kernel 2.4 or higher</DT>
<DD>With kernel 2.4 an ATA drive has to be under ide-scsi emulation.</DD>
<DD>With kernel 2.6 the drive should not be under ide-scsi.</DD>
<DT>libpthread</DT>
<DD>is supposed to be a standard system component.</DD>
</DL>
</P>
<P>
<H2>
GPL software included:<BR>
</H2>
<DL>
<DT>libburn-0.3.6</DT>
<DD>(by Derek Foreman, Ben Jansens, and team of libburnia.pykix.org)</DD>
<DD>transfers data to CD and DVD</DD>
</DL>
</P>
<P>
This program system has been tested on Intel/AMD Linux systems only.<BR>
Ports to other usable systems are appreciated. Reports are welcome.
</P>
<HR>
<P>
<H2>Special features:</H2>
<UL>
<LI>Source code is independent of
<A HREF="http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/cdrecord.html">cdrecord</A>
</LI>
</UL>
</P>
<P>
<H2>Commands:</H2>
<DL>
<DT>The most common options of cdrecord for data and audio on CD media
are provided in a compatible way.<BR>
On single layer DVD media cdrskin is able to perform any recording job
which is possible with cdrecord.
Other than with cdrecord, options -multi and -tao are supported with
certain DVD types.
</DT>
<BR><BR>
<DT>Get an overview of drives and their addresses</DT>
<DD>#<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -scanbus</KBD></DD>
<DD>#<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus</KBD></DD>
<DD>#<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin --devices</KBD></DD>
<DT>Being superuser avoids permission problems with /dev/srN resp. /dev/hdX .
</DT>
<DT>Ordinary users should then get granted rw access to the /dev files
as listed by option --devices.</DT>
<DT>&nbsp;</DT>
<DT>Get info about a particular drive or loaded media:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive</KBD></DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=ATA:1,0,0 -v -atip</KBD></DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -toc</KBD></DD>
<DT>Make used CD-RW or used unformatted DVD-RW writable again:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=fast -eject</KBD></DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=/dev/dvd blank=all -eject</KBD></DD>
<DT>Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite</KBD></DD>
<DT>De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential</KBD></DD>
<DT>Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:
</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;-sao -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso</KBD></DD>
<DT>Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;find . | afio -oZ - | \</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 \</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;-tao padsize=300k -</KBD></DD>
<DT>Write several sessions to the same CD, DVD-R[W] or DVD+R:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 1.iso</KBD>
</DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 2.iso</KBD>
</DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 3.iso</KBD>
</DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -tao 4.iso</KBD></DD>
<DT>Get multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -msinfo 2>/dev/null)</KBD></DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ...</KBD></DD>
<DT>Inquire free space on media for a -tao -multi run:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -tao -multi \</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;--tell_media_space 2>/dev/null)</KBD></DD>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;echo "Available: $x blocks of 2048 data bytes"</KBD></DD>
<DT>Write audio tracks to CD:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw</KBD></DD>
<DT>Get overview of the cdrecord compatible options:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;<A HREF="cdrskin_help">cdrskin -help</A></KBD></DD>
<DT>Get overview of the non-cdrecord options:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;<A HREF="cdrskin__help">cdrskin --help</A></KBD></DD>
<DT>Read the detailed manual page:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;<A HREF="man_1_cdrskin.html">man cdrskin</A></KBD></DD>
</DL>
<DL>
<DT>Read about the standard for which cdrskin is striving:</DT>
<DD>$<KBD>&nbsp;
<A HREF="http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/man/cdrecord-2.0.html">
man cdrecord</A></KBD></DD>
<DD><B>Do not bother Joerg Schilling with any cdrskin problems.</B>
(Be cursed if you install cdrskin as "cdrecord" without clearly forwarding
this "don't bother Joerg" demand.)
</DD>
</DL>
Testers wanted who are willing to risk some double layer DVD media.
</P>
<HR>
<P>
<DL>
<DT>Download as source code (see README):</DT>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin-0.3.6.pl00.tar.gz">cdrskin-0.3.6.pl00.tar.gz</A>
(605 KB).
</DD>
<DD>
The "stable" cdrskin tarballs are source code identical with "stable"
libburn releases or with "stabilized" libburn SVN snapshots. They get
produced via a different procedure, though.<BR>
cdrskin is part of libburn - full libburn is provided with cdrskin releases.
</DD>
<DD>&nbsp;</DD>
<DT>Download as single x86 binaries (untar and move to /usr/bin/cdrskin):</DT>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin_0.3.6.pl00-x86-suse9_0.tar.gz">
cdrskin_0.3.6.pl00-x86-suse9_0.tar.gz</A>, (90 KB),
<DL>
<DD>runs on SuSE 9.0 (2.4.21) , RIP-14.4 (2.6.14) ,
Gentoo (2.6.15 x86_64 Athlon).</DD>
</DL>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin_0.3.6.pl00-x86-suse9_0-static.tar.gz">
cdrskin_0.3.6.pl00-x86-suse9_0-static.tar.gz</A>, (290 KB), -static compiled,
<DL>
<DD>runs on SuSE 7.2 (2.4.4), and on the systems above.</DD>
</DL>
</DD>
</DL>
<DL><DT>Documentation:</DT>
<DD><A HREF="README_cdrskin">README</A> an introduction</DD>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin__help">cdrskin --help</A> non-cdrecord options</DD>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin_help">cdrskin -help</A> cdrecord compatible options</DD>
<DD><A HREF="man_1_cdrskin.html">man cdrskin</A> the manual page</DD>
<DD>&nbsp;</DD>
</DL>
<DL><DT>Contact:</DT>
<DD>Thomas Schmitt, <A HREF="mailto:scdbackup@gmx.net">scdbackup@gmx.net</A></DD>
<DD>libburn development mailing list,
<A HREF="mailto:libburn-hackers@pykix.org">libburn-hackers@pykix.org</A></DD>
</DL>
<DL><DT>License:</DT>
<DD><A HREF="COPYING_cdrskin">GPL</A>, an <A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/">Open Source</A> approved license</DD>
<DD>&nbsp;</DD>
</DL>
</P>
<HR>
<P>
Enhancements towards previous stable version cdrskin-0.3.4:
<UL>
<LI>Use of /dev/srN rather than /dev/sgN on Linux >= 2.6</LI>
<LI>Option drive_scsi_dev_family=sr|scd|sg to select explicitely</LI>
<LI>Option -isosize is supported now</LI>
<LI>DVD+R now get finalized (if not -multi is given)</LI>
</UL>
<!--
Bug fixes towards cdrskin-0.3.6.pl00:
<UL>
<LI>none yet</LI>
</UL>
-->
</P>
<HR>
<P>
<DL>
<DT><H3>Development snapshot, version 0.3.7 :</H3></DT>
<DD>Enhancements towards stable version 0.3.6.pl00:
<UL>
<LI>Now able to cope with the peculiarities of Linux 2.4 USB</LI>
<LI>Refusal to perform -dummy runs on media which cannot simulate burning</LI>
<LI>Precautions against using the burner drive as track source</LI>
<LI>New option modesty_on_drive= may help with hda -> hdb burns</LI>
<LI>New option minbuf= , cdrecord compatible frontend of modesty_on_drive=</LI>
<LI>New option --adjust_speed_to_drive</LI>
</UL>
</DD>
<DD>&nbsp;</DD>
<DD><A HREF="README_cdrskin_devel">README 0.3.7</A>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin__help_devel">cdrskin_0.3.7 --help</A></DD>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin_help_devel">cdrskin_0.3.7 -help</A></DD>
<DD><A HREF="man_1_cdrskin_devel.html">man cdrskin (as of 0.3.7)</A></DD>
<DD>&nbsp;</DD>
<DT>Maintainers of cdrskin unstable packages please use SVN of
<A HREF="http://libburnia.pykix.org"> libburnia.pykix.org</A></DT>
<DD>Download: <KBD><B>svn co http://libburnia-svn.pykix.org/libburn/trunk libburn_pykix</B>
</KBD></DD>
<DD>Build: <KBD><B>cd libburn_pykix ; ./bootstrap ; ./configure ; make</B>
</KBD></DD>
<DD>Build of SVN versions needs <A HREF="http://sources.redhat.com/autobook/">
autotools</A> of at least version 1.7 installed.
But after the run of <KBD>./bootstrap</KBD>, only
vanilla tools like make and gcc are needed.</DD>
</DD>
<DD>&nbsp;</DD>
<DT>The following downloads are intended for adventurous end users or
admins with full system souvereignty.</DT>
<DD>Source (./bootstrap is already applied, build tested, for more see
<A HREF="README_cdrskin_devel">upcoming README</A> ):
</DD>
<DD>
<A HREF="cdrskin-0.3.7.tar.gz">cdrskin-0.3.7.tar.gz</A>
(605 KB).
</DD>
<DD>Binary (untar and move to /usr/bin/cdrskin):</DD>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin_0.3.7-x86-suse9_0.tar.gz">
cdrskin_0.3.7-x86-suse9_0.tar.gz</A>, (90 KB).
</DD>
<DD><A HREF="cdrskin_0.3.7-x86-suse9_0-static.tar.gz">
cdrskin_0.3.7-x86-suse9_0-static.tar.gz</A>, (285 KB)
</DD>
</DL>
</P>
<HR>
<P>
Many thanks to Joerg Schilling for cdrecord,
<BR>
and to Derek Foreman and Ben Jansens for creating libburn.
<BR>
Historic versions based on Derek's and Ben's
<A HREF="http://icculus.org/burn">icculus.org/burn</A> :<BR>
<A HREF="cdrskin-0.1.2.0.2.ts.tar.gz">cdrskin-0.1.2.0.2.ts.tar.gz</A><BR>
<A HREF="cdrskin-0.1.3.0.2.ts.tar.gz">cdrskin-0.1.3.0.2.ts.tar.gz</A>
<BR>
Very special thanks to Andy Polyakov whose
<A HREF="http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools">dvd+rw-tools</A>
provide libburn with invaluable examples on how to deal with DVD media.
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME="examples">
<P>
<DL>
<DT>Example for a setup of device permissions. To be done by the superuser:</DT>
<DT>(CD devices which offer no rw-permission are invisible to normal users.)
</DT>
<DD># <KBD><B>cdrskin --devices</B></KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>0&nbsp; dev='/dev/sr0'&nbsp; rwrwr- :&nbsp; 'TEAC' 'CD-ROM CD-532S'</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>1&nbsp; dev='/dev/hdc'&nbsp; rwrw-- :&nbsp; 'LITE-ON' 'LTR-48125S'</KBD></DD>
<DD># <KBD><B>chmod a+rw /dev/sr0 /dev/hdc</B></KBD></DD>
</DL>
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME="k3b">
<P>
<A HREF="k3b_on_cdrskin.html">
Example how to setup K3b to use cdrskin for burning data CD projects.
<A><BR>
(<A HREF="http://www.k3b.org">K3b</A>
is a GUI frontend which uses cdrecord for CD burning.)
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME="scdbackup">
<P>
<DL>
<DT>Example for a test session with a cdrecord based scdbackup installation:</DT>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>cdrskin -scanbus</B></KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2,0,0 &nbsp;&nbsp; 0)&nbsp; 'TEAC' 'CD-ROM CD-532S' '?' Removable CD-ROM</KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>cdrskin -scanbus dev=ATA</B></KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1,0,0 &nbsp;&nbsp; 1)&nbsp; 'LITE-ON' 'LTR-48125S' '?' Removable CD-ROM</KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>export SCDBACKUP_SCSI_ADR="ATA:1,0,0"</B></KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>export SCDBACKUP_CDRECORD="cdrskin -v -v"</B></KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>scdbackup_home</B></KBD></DD>
</DL>
<DL>
<DT>Example for a permanent configuration of cdrskin based scdbackup</DT>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>cd scdbackup-0.8.6/inst</B></KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>export SCDBACKUP_USE_CDRSKIN=1</B></KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>./CONFIGURE_CD</B></KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>cdrskin 0.3.6 : limited cdrecord compatibility wrapper for libburn</KBD></DD>
</DL>
If your system is stricken with some ill CD device then this can stall
and you will have to press <KBD>Ctrl+C</KBD> to abort.
In this case, you may execute
<KBD>export SCDBACKUP_NO_SCANBUS=1</KBD>
and try again.
<DL>
<DT></DT>
<DD><KBD> ------------------- SCSI devices. To be used like &nbsp;&nbsp; 0,0,0</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2,0,0 &nbsp;&nbsp; 0)&nbsp; 'TEAC' 'CD-ROM CD-532S' '?' Removable CD-ROM</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD> ------------------- end of SCSI device list</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD> ------------------- ATA devices. To be used like ATA:0,0,0
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1,0,0 &nbsp;&nbsp; 1)&nbsp; 'LITE-ON' 'LTR-48125S' '?' Removable CD-ROM</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * Your cdrecord offers -driveropts=burnfree with your recorder.</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>scdbackup for CD 0.8.6 : First stage of installation done.</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>Now give it a try. Run : scdbackup_home</KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>unset SCDBACKUP_USE_CDRSKIN</B></KBD></DD>
</DL>
<DL>
<DT>To get back to using cdrecord :</DT>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>cd scdbackup-0.8.6/inst</B></KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>export SCDBACKUP_USE_CDRSKIN=0</B></KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>./CONFIGURE_CD</B></KBD></DD>
<DD><KBD>...</KBD></DD>
<DD>$ <KBD><B>unset SCDBACKUP_USE_CDRSKIN</B></KBD></DD>
</DL>
</P>
<HR>
<A NAME="cdrecord">
<P>
<CENTER><H3>About the relationship of cdrecord and cdrskin</H3></CENTER>
First of all: this relationship is single sided, as cdrskin has to be aware of
cdrecord but not vice versa.
<BR>
<BR>
I am a long time user of cdrecord and it works fine for me.
Especially i do appreciate its write mode -tao which allows to pipe arbitrary
data on CD and CD-RW via stdin. cdrecord is reliable, versatile and well
maintained. So for me - there would be not problem with it.
<BR>
But the author of cdrecord and the Linux kernel people foster a very hostile
relationship. Ok, that's their business, not mine (or ours if you are with me).
One has to be aware, though, that this relationship might lead to a situation
where cdrecord is no longer available for certain Linux kernels.
<BR>
To have my own project prepared for such a time, i began to implement its
cdrecord gestures on top of libburn.
From now on i invite other interested users of cdrecord to teach cdrskin
the gestures necessary for their cdrecord applications.
Contact me. Let's see what we can achieve.
<BR>
<BR>
libburn and cdrskin are now mature enough to substitute cdrecord in its
major use cases of CD and DVD burning. It is possible to foist cdrskin on
various software packages if it gets falsely named "cdrecord".
I do not encourage this approach, but of course such a replacement
opportunity is the goal of a cdrecord compatibility wrapper.
<BR>
<BR>
It is very important to me that this project is not perceived as hostile
towards Joerg Schilling and his ongoing work.
I owe him much. For cdrecord, for mkisofs, for star. Chapeau.
<BR>
</P>
<HR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE=+0>
<!-- <A NAME="bottom" HREF="main_ger.html#bottom">deutsch (german)</A>
<BR><BR>
-->
<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab">
<IMG SRC="doener_150x200_tr.png" BORDER=0
ALT="cdrskin logo: Doener mit Scharf"></A>
<BR><BR>
<FONT SIZE=+0>Enjoying free Open Source hosting by <A HREF="http://www.webframe.org">www.webframe.org</A><BR>
<A HREF="http://www.webframe.org">
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and by <A HREF="http://sourceforge.net">sourceforge.net</A><BR>
<A href="http://sourceforge.net">
<IMG src="sflogo-88-1.png" BORDER="0" ALT="SourceForge Logo"></A>
<!-- on sourceforge use : <IMG src="http://sourceforge.net/sflogo.php?group_id=16010" width="88" height="31" border="0" alt="SourceForge Logo"></A> -->
</FONT></CENTER>
<HR>
<DL>
<DT>Links to my other published software projects :
<DD><A HREF=http://scdbackup.webframe.org/main_eng.html>
scdbackup, multi volume CD backup</A>
<DL><DD><A HREF=http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/main_eng.html>
(a second source of above)</A></DL>
<DD><A HREF=http://stic.webframe.org>Some Tools for Image Collectors</A>
<DL><DD><A HREF=http://stic.sourceforge.net>(a second source of above)</A></DL>
<DD><A HREF=http://scdbackup.webframe.org/pppoem>
pppoem, a DSL throughput monitor (mainly for Linux kernel 2.4)</A>
</DL>
<BR><BR>
Legal statement: This website does not serve any commercial purpose.<BR>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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#define Cdrskin_timestamP "2007.07.19.171947"

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/*
cleanup.c , Copyright 2006 Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
A signal handler which cleans up an application and exits.
Provided under GPL license within GPL projects, BSD license elsewise.
*/
/*
cc -g -o cleanup -DCleanup_standalonE cleanup.c
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
#include "cleanup.h"
#ifndef Cleanup_has_no_libburn_os_H
#include "../libburn/os.h"
/* see os.h for name of particular os-*.h where this is defined */
static int signal_list[]= { BURN_OS_SIGNAL_MACRO_LIST , -1};
static char *signal_name_list[]= { BURN_OS_SIGNAL_NAME_LIST , "@"};
static int signal_list_count= BURN_OS_SIGNAL_COUNT;
static int non_signal_list[]= { BURN_OS_NON_SIGNAL_MACRO_LIST, -1};
static int non_signal_list_count= BURN_OS_NON_SIGNAL_COUNT;
#else /* ! Cleanup_has_no_libburn_os_H */
/* Outdated. Linux only. For backward compatibility with pre-libburn-0.2.3 */
/* Signals to be caught */
static int signal_list[]= {
SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGILL, SIGABRT,
SIGFPE, SIGSEGV, SIGPIPE, SIGALRM, SIGTERM,
SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, SIGXCPU, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN,
SIGTTOU,
SIGBUS, SIGPOLL, SIGPROF, SIGSYS, SIGTRAP,
SIGVTALRM, SIGXCPU, SIGXFSZ, -1
};
static char *signal_name_list[]= {
"SIGHUP", "SIGINT", "SIGQUIT", "SIGILL", "SIGABRT",
"SIGFPE", "SIGSEGV", "SIGPIPE", "SIGALRM", "SIGTERM",
"SIGUSR1", "SIGUSR2", "SIGXCPU", "SIGTSTP", "SIGTTIN",
"SIGTTOU",
"SIGBUS", "SIGPOLL", "SIGPROF", "SIGSYS", "SIGTRAP",
"SIGVTALRM", "SIGXCPU", "SIGXFSZ", "@"
};
static int signal_list_count= 24;
/* Signals not to be caught */
static int non_signal_list[]= {
SIGKILL, SIGCHLD, SIGSTOP, SIGURG, SIGWINCH, -1
};
static int non_signal_list_count= 5;
#endif /* Cleanup_has_no_libburn_os_H */
/* run time dynamic part */
static char cleanup_msg[4096]= {""};
static int cleanup_exiting= 0;
static int cleanup_has_reported= -1234567890;
static void *cleanup_app_handle= NULL;
static Cleanup_app_handler_T cleanup_app_handler= NULL;
static int cleanup_perform_app_handler_first= 0;
static int Cleanup_handler_exit(int exit_value, int signum, int flag)
{
int ret;
if(cleanup_msg[0]!=0 && cleanup_has_reported!=signum) {
fprintf(stderr,"\n%s\n",cleanup_msg);
cleanup_has_reported= signum;
}
if(cleanup_perform_app_handler_first)
if(cleanup_app_handler!=NULL) {
ret= (*cleanup_app_handler)(cleanup_app_handle,signum,0);
if(ret==2 || ret==-2)
return(2);
}
if(cleanup_exiting) {
fprintf(stderr,"cleanup: ABORT : repeat by pid=%d, signum=%d\n",
getpid(),signum);
return(0);
}
cleanup_exiting= 1;
alarm(0);
if(!cleanup_perform_app_handler_first)
if(cleanup_app_handler!=NULL) {
ret= (*cleanup_app_handler)(cleanup_app_handle,signum,0);
if(ret==2 || ret==-2)
return(2);
}
exit(exit_value);
}
static void Cleanup_handler_generic(int signum)
{
int i;
sprintf(cleanup_msg,"UNIX-SIGNAL caught: %d errno= %d",signum,errno);
for(i= 0; i<signal_list_count; i++)
if(signum==signal_list[i]) {
sprintf(cleanup_msg,"UNIX-SIGNAL: %s errno= %d",
signal_name_list[i],errno);
break;
}
Cleanup_handler_exit(1,signum,0);
}
int Cleanup_set_handlers(void *handle, Cleanup_app_handler_T handler, int flag)
/*
bit0= set to default handlers
bit1= set to ignore
bit2= set cleanup_perform_app_handler_first
bit3= set SIGABRT to handler (makes sense with bits 0 or 1)
*/
{
int i,j,max_sig= -1,min_sig= 0x7fffffff;
sighandler_t sig_handler;
cleanup_msg[0]= 0;
cleanup_app_handle= handle;
cleanup_app_handler= handler;
/* <<< make cleanup_exiting thread safe to get rid of this */
if(flag&4)
cleanup_perform_app_handler_first= 1;
if(flag&1)
sig_handler= SIG_DFL;
else if(flag&2)
sig_handler= SIG_IGN;
else
sig_handler= Cleanup_handler_generic;
/* set all signal numbers between the lowest and highest in the list
except those in the non-signal list */
for(i= 0; i<signal_list_count; i++) {
if(signal_list[i]>max_sig)
max_sig= signal_list[i];
if(signal_list[i]<min_sig)
min_sig= signal_list[i];
}
for(i= min_sig; i<=max_sig; i++) {
for(j= 0; j<non_signal_list_count; j++)
if(i==non_signal_list[j])
break;
if(j>=non_signal_list_count) {
if(i==SIGABRT && (flag&8))
signal(i,Cleanup_handler_generic);
else
signal(i,sig_handler);
}
}
return(1);
}
#ifdef Cleanup_standalonE
struct Demo_apP {
char *msg;
};
int Demo_app_handler(struct Demo_apP *demoapp, int signum, int flag)
{
printf("Handling exit of demo application on signal %d. msg=\"%s\"\n",
signum,demoapp->msg);
return(1);
}
main()
{
struct Demo_apP demoapp;
demoapp.msg= "Good Bye";
Cleanup_set_handlers(&demoapp,(Cleanup_app_handler_T) Demo_app_handler,0);
if(1) { /* change to 0 in order to wait for external signals */
char *cpt= NULL,c;
printf("Intentionally provoking SIGSEGV ...\n");
c= *cpt;
} else {
printf("killme: %d\n",getpid());
sleep(3600);
}
Cleanup_set_handlers(NULL,NULL,1);
exit(0);
}
#endif /* Cleanup_standalonE */

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/*
cleanup.c , Copyright 2006 Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
A signal handler which cleans up an application and exits.
Provided under GPL license within GPL projects, BSD license elsewise.
*/
#ifndef Cleanup_includeD
#define Cleanup_includeD 1
/** Layout of an application provided cleanup function using an application
provided handle as first argument and the signal number as second
argument. The third argument is a flag bit field with no defined bits yet.
If the handler returns 2 or -2 then it has delegated exit() to some other
instance and the Cleanup handler shall return rather than exit.
*/
typedef int (*Cleanup_app_handler_T)(void *, int, int);
/** Establish exiting signal handlers on (hopefully) all signals that are
not ignored by default or non-catchable.
@param handle Opaque object which knows how to cleanup application
@param handler Function which uses handle to perform application cleanup
@param flag Control Bitfield
bit0= reset to default signal handling
*/
int Cleanup_set_handlers(void *handle, Cleanup_app_handler_T handler,
int flag);
#endif /* ! Cleanup_includeD */

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#!/bin/sh
# compile_cdrskin.sh
# Copyright 2005 - 2006 Thomas Schmitt, scdbackup@gmx.net, GPL
# to be executed within ./libburn-* resp ./cdrskin-*
debug_opts=
def_opts=
largefile_opts="-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1"
libvers="-DCdrskin_libburn_0_3_7"
cleanup_src_or_obj="libburn/cleanup.o"
libdax_msgs_o="libburn/libdax_msgs.o"
libdax_audioxtr_o="libburn/libdax_audioxtr.o"
do_strip=0
static_opts=
warn_opts="-Wall"
fifo_source="cdrskin/cdrfifo.c"
compile_cdrskin=1
compile_cdrfifo=0
compile_dewav=0
for i in "$@"
do
if test "$i" = "-compile_cdrfifo"
then
compile_cdrfifo=1
elif test "$i" = "-compile_dewav"
then
compile_dewav=1
elif test "$i" = "-cvs_A60220"
then
libvers="-DCdrskin_libburn_cvs_A60220_tS"
libdax_audioxtr_o=
libdax_msgs_o="libburn/message.o"
cleanup_src_or_obj="-DCleanup_has_no_libburn_os_H cdrskin/cleanup.c"
elif test "$i" = "-libburn_0_3_6"
then
libvers="-DCdrskin_libburn_0_3_6"
libdax_audioxtr_o="libburn/libdax_audioxtr.o"
libdax_msgs_o="libburn/libdax_msgs.o"
cleanup_src_or_obj="libburn/cleanup.o"
elif test "$i" = "-libburn_svn"
then
libvers="-DCdrskin_libburn_0_3_7"
libdax_audioxtr_o="libburn/libdax_audioxtr.o"
libdax_msgs_o="libburn/libdax_msgs.o"
cleanup_src_or_obj="libburn/cleanup.o"
elif test "$i" = "-newapi" -o "$i" = "-experimental"
then
def_opts="$def_opts -DCdrskin_new_api_tesT"
elif test "$i" = "-oldfashioned"
then
def_opts="$def_opts -DCdrskin_oldfashioned_api_usE"
cleanup_src_or_obj="-DCleanup_has_no_libburn_os_H cdrskin/cleanup.c"
elif test "$i" = "-no_largefile"
then
largefile_opts=
elif test "$i" = "-do_not_compile_cdrskin"
then
compile_cdrskin=0
elif test "$i" = "-do_diet"
then
fifo_source=
def_opts="$def_opts -DCdrskin_extra_leaN"
warn_opts=
elif test "$i" = "-do_strip"
then
do_strip=1
elif test "$i" = "-g"
then
debug_opts="$debug_opts -g"
elif test "$i" = "-O2"
then
debug_opts="$debug_opts -O2"
elif test "$i" = "-help" -o "$i" = "--help" -o "$i" = "-h"
then
echo "cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh : to be executed within top level directory"
echo "Options:"
echo " -compile_cdrfifo compile program cdrskin/cdrfifo."
echo " -compile_dewav compile program test/dewav without libburn."
echo " -cvs_A60220 set macro to match libburn-CVS of 20 Feb 2006."
echo " -libburn_0_3_6 set macro to match libburn-0.3.6."
echo " -libburn_svn set macro to match current libburn-SVN."
echo " -no_largefile do not use 64 bit off_t (must match libburn)."
echo " -do_not_compile_cdrskin omit compilation of cdrskin/cdrskin."
echo " -experimental use newly introduced libburn features."
echo " -oldfashioned use pre-0.2.2 libburn features only."
echo " -do_diet produce capability reduced lean version."
echo " -do_strip apply program strip to compiled programs."
echo " -g compile with cc option -g."
echo " -O2 compile with cc option -O2."
echo " -static compile with cc option -static."
exit 0
elif test "$i" = "-static"
then
static_opts="-static"
fi
done
timestamp="$(date -u '+%Y.%m.%d.%H%M%S')"
echo "Version timestamp : $(sed -e 's/#define Cdrskin_timestamP "//' -e 's/"$//' cdrskin/cdrskin_timestamp.h)"
echo "Build timestamp : $timestamp"
if test "$compile_cdrskin"
then
echo "compiling program cdrskin/cdrskin.c $static_opts $debug_opts $libvers $def_opts $cleanup_src_or_obj"
cc -I. \
$warn_opts \
$static_opts \
$debug_opts \
$libvers \
$largefile_opts \
$def_opts \
\
-DCdrskin_build_timestamP='"'"$timestamp"'"' \
\
-o cdrskin/cdrskin \
\
cdrskin/cdrskin.c \
$fifo_source \
\
$cleanup_src_or_obj \
\
libburn/async.o \
libburn/debug.o \
libburn/drive.o \
libburn/file.o \
libburn/init.o \
libburn/options.o \
libburn/source.o \
libburn/structure.o \
\
libburn/sg.o \
libburn/write.o \
$libdax_audioxtr_o \
$libdax_msgs_o \
\
libburn/mmc.o \
libburn/sbc.o \
libburn/spc.o \
libburn/util.o \
\
libburn/sector.o \
libburn/toc.o \
\
libburn/crc.o \
libburn/lec.o \
\
-lpthread
ret=$?
if test "$ret" = 0
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo >&2
echo "+++ FATAL : Compilation of cdrskin failed" >&2
echo >&2
exit 1
fi
fi
if test "$compile_cdrfifo" = 1
then
echo "compiling program cdrskin/cdrfifo.c $static_opts $debug_opts"
cc $static_opts $debug_opts \
-DCdrfifo_standalonE \
-o cdrskin/cdrfifo \
cdrskin/cdrfifo.c
ret=$?
if test "$ret" = 0
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo >&2
echo "+++ FATAL : Compilation of cdrfifo failed" >&2
echo >&2
exit 2
fi
fi
if test "$compile_dewav" = 1
then
echo "compiling program test/dewav.c -DDewav_without_libburN $static_opts $debug_opts"
cc $static_opts $debug_opts \
-DDewav_without_libburN \
-o test/dewav \
test/dewav.c \
libburn/libdax_audioxtr.o \
libburn/libdax_msgs.o \
\
-lpthread
ret=$?
if test "$ret" = 0
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo >&2
echo "+++ FATAL : Compilation of test/dewav failed" >&2
echo >&2
exit 2
fi
fi
if test "$do_strip" = 1
then
echo "stripping result cdrskin/cdrskin"
strip cdrskin/cdrskin
if test "$compile_cdrfifo" = 1
then
echo "stripping result cdrskin/cdrfifo"
strip cdrskin/cdrfifo
fi
fi
echo 'done.'

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#!/bin/sh
#
# convert_man_to_html.sh - ts A61214
#
# Generates a HTML version of man page cdrskin.1
#
# To be executed within the libburn toplevel directory (like ./libburn-0.2.7)
#
# set -x
man_dir=$(pwd)"/cdrskin"
export MANPATH="$man_dir"
manpage="cdrskin"
raw_html=$(pwd)/"cdrskin/raw_man_1_cdrskin.html"
htmlpage=$(pwd)/"cdrskin/man_1_cdrskin.html"
if test -r "$manpage"
then
dummy=dummy
else
echo "Cannot find readable man page source $1" >&2
exit 1
fi
if test -e "$man_dir"/man1
then
dummy=dummy
else
ln -s . "$man_dir"/man1
fi
if test "$1" = "-work_as_filter"
then
# set -x
sed \
-e 's/<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">/<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, via man -H, via cdrskin\/convert_man_to_html.sh">/' \
-e 's/<meta name="Content-Style" content="text\/css">/<meta name="Content-Style" content="text\/css"><META NAME="description" CONTENT="man page of cdrskin"><META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="man cdrskin, manual, cdrskin, CD, CD-RW, CD-R, burning, cdrecord, compatible"><META NAME="robots" CONTENT="follow">/' \
-e 's/<title>CDRSKIN<\/title>/<title>man 1 cdrskin<\/title>/' \
-e 's/<h1 align=center>CDRSKIN<\/h1>/<h1 align=center>man 1 cdrskin<\/h1>/' \
-e 's/<body>/<body BGCOLOR="#F5DEB3" TEXT=#000000 LINK=#0000A0 VLINK=#800000>/' \
-e 's/<b>Overview of features:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Overview of features:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/<b>General information paragraphs:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>General information paragraphs:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/<b>Track recording model:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Track recording model:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio./\&nbsp;<BR>In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio./' \
-e 's/While audio tracks just contain a given/\&nbsp;<BR>While audio tracks just contain a given/' \
-e 's/<b>Write mode selection:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Write mode selection:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/<b>Recordable CD Media:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Recordable CD Media:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/<b>Overwriteable DVD Media:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Overwriteable DVD Media:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/<b>Sequentially Recordable DVD Media:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Sequentially Recordable DVD Media:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/The write modes for DVD+R/\&nbsp;<BR>The write modes for DVD+R/' \
-e 's/<b>Drive preparation and addressing:<\/b>/\&nbsp;<BR><b>Drive preparation and addressing:<\/b>/' \
-e 's/If you only got one CD capable drive/\&nbsp;<BR>If you only got one CD capable drive/' \
-e 's/^Alphabetical list of options/\&nbsp;<BR>Alphabetical list of options/' \
-e 's/and for all others\.<\/td><\/table>/and for all others.<\/td><\/table> <BR><HR><FONT SIZE=-1><CENTER>(HTML generated from '"$manpage"'.1 on '"$(date)"' by '$(basename "$0")' )<\/CENTER><\/FONT>/' \
-e 's/See section EXAMPLES/See section <A HREF="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES<\/A>/' \
<"$2" >"$htmlpage"
set +x
chmod u+rw,go+r,go-w "$htmlpage"
echo "Emerged file:"
ls -lL "$htmlpage"
else
export BROWSER='cp "%s" '"$raw_html"
man -H "$manpage"
"$0" -work_as_filter "$raw_html"
rm "$raw_html"
rm "$man_dir"/man1
fi

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libburn/branches/ZeroThreeEight/cdrskin/make_timestamp.sh Executable file
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#!/bin/sh
# Create version timestamp cdrskin/cdrskin_timestamp.h
# to be executed within ./libburn-* resp ./cdrskin-*
timestamp="$(date -u '+%Y.%m.%d.%H%M%S')"
echo "Version timestamp : $timestamp"
echo '#define Cdrskin_timestamP "'"$timestamp"'"' >cdrskin/cdrskin_timestamp.h

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------
cdrskin Wiki - plain text copy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Image(source:/libburn/trunk/cdrskin/doener_150x200_tr.png)]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6ner_kebab Doener]
'''cdrskin is the cdrecord compatibility middleware of libburn.'''
Its paragon, cdrecord, is a powerful GPL'ed burn program included in Joerg
Schilling's cdrtools. cdrskin strives to be a second source for the services
traditionally provided by cdrecord. Currently it does CD-R and CD-RW this way.
Overwriteable media DVD-RAM, DVD+RW and DVD-RW are handled differently than
with cdrecord-ProDVD in order to offer TAO-like single track recording.
Sequential DVD-R[W] and DVD+R are handled like CD-R[W] with TAO and
multi-session. Additionally cdrskin offers cdrecord-ProDVD-like mode DAO
with DVD-R[W].
cdrskin does not contain any bytes copied from cdrecord's sources.
Many bytes have been copied from the message output of cdrecord
runs, though. The most comprehensive technical overview of cdrskin
can be found in [http://libburnia.pykix.org/browser/libburn/trunk/cdrskin/README?format=txt cdrskin/README].
About libburn API for burning CD: http://libburnia-api.pykix.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
For dual layer DVD types and for appending sessions to ISO filesystems on
DVD other than DVD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R see the advise to use dvd+rw-tools at
the end of this text.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
About the command line options of cdrskin:
They are described in detail in [http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/man_1_cdrskin_devel.html#OPTIONS section OPTIONS] of
[http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/man_1_cdrskin_devel.html man cdrskin]
There are two families of options: cdrecord-compatible ones and options
which are specific to cdrskin. The latter are mostly used to configure
cdrskin for its task to emulate cdrecord. There are some, nevertheless,
which provide rather exotic unique features of cdrskin.
The cdrecord-compatible options are listed in the output of
{{{
cdrskin -help
}}}
where the option "help" has *one* dash. Online: [http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_help_devel cdrskin -help]
For these options you may expect program behavior that is roughly the
same as described in original man cdrecord .
Online: http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/man/cdrecord-2.0.html
The cdrskin-specific options are listed by
{{{
cdrskin --help
}}}
where the option "help" has *two* dashes. Online: [http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin__help_devel cdrskin --help]
Some are very experimental and should only be
used in coordination with the libburnia developer team.
Some are of general user interest, though:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--devices allows the sysadmin to scan the system for possible drives
and displays their detected properties.
The drives are listed one per line, with fields:
libburn-drive-number, sysadmin-device-file, permissions, vendor, type
{{{
0 dev='/dev/sr0' rwrw-- : 'HL-DT-ST' 'DVDRAM GSA-4082B'
}}}
This feature is valuable since cdrskin -scanbus will not give you
the device file name and its current permissions.
cdrskin will accept of course the proposed dev= option as address
for any usage of the drive.
Different from cdrecord, cdrskin is intended to be run without special
privileges, i.e. no superuser setuid. It is intended that the sysadmin
controls drive accessability by rw-permissions of the drive rather than
by x-permission of the burn binary. To be usable with cdrskin, the drive
has to offer both, r- and w-permission.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The DVD capabilities of cdrskin differ from those of cdrecord-ProDVD. cdrskin
offers TAO-like multi-session with DVD-R[W], DVD+R and TAO-like single session
with overwriteable DVD media. It also offers DAO on DVD-R[W] which is probably
the same as the traditional cdrecord-ProDVD write mode.
Non-cdrecord blank mode blank=format_overwrite brings a DVD-RW
disc from its initial profile "Sequential Recording" into profile state
"Restricted Overwrite".
{{{
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v blank=format_overwrite
}}}
DVD-RAM, DVD+RW and overwriteable DVD-RW appear to cdrskin as blank media
which are capable of taking only a single track. This track may be positioned
on a 32KiB aligned address, though.
{{{
cdrskin ... write_start_address=2412m ...
}}}
Non-cdrecord blank mode blank=deformat_sequential brings an overwriteable
DVD-RW back into state "Sequential Recording" with the capability of doing
multi-session, if the drive is capable of "Incremental Streaming"
(MMC feature 21h).
Used sequential DVD-RW media may be blanked by blank=fast or blank=all which
normally both do full blanking.
blank=deformat_sequential does minimal blanking of DVD-RW which usually yields
media incapable of "Incremental Streaming".
Option --prodvd_cli_compatible activates blank=fast and blank=all for
overwriteable DVD-RW which normally ignore those two options. It also makes
option -multi tolerable with media and write modes which are not suitable for
multi-session. (The default behavior of cdrskin deems me to be preferrable.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
assert_write_lba=<lba> allows to ensure that the start block address which
was used with the formatter program (e.g. mkisofs -C) matches the start block
address which will be used by the upcoming burn.
E.g. cdrskin aborts with an error message if
{{{
assert_write_lba=0
}}}
is given but an appendable media is to be burned which would start at
block 68432.
An ISO-9660 file system image must be prepared according to a particular
block address on media. If the prepared address and the real address on media
do not match then the filesystem will not be mountable or may even cause system
trouble.
A sequential archive format like afio or star will not necessarily need such
a coordination of addresses. It might nevertheless be confusing to a reader
if the archive does not start at block 0.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
fifo_start_at=<num> is a throughput enhancer for unsteady data streams
like they are produced by a compressing archiver program when piping to
CD on-the-fly. It makes better use of the general property of a FIFO
buffer to transport surplus bandwidth into the future. Yep. A time machine.
One-way, i fear.
FIFO originally was introduced by cdrecord's author Joerg Schilling in order
to protect mediocre burner hardware from suffering buffer underruns
and thus producing misburns (at 1x speed on CD-R media at the price of a
DVD-RAM nowadays). This purpose would not justify a fifo any more -
given the limited life time of burners and the seamless underrun protection
of contemporary consumer drives.
With an unsteady data stream the task of the buffer is to soak up peak
performance and to release it steadily at the drive's maximum speed.
The larger the buffer the more reserves can be built up and the longer
input drought can be compensated.
Original cdrecord has the historical property, though, to first wait until
the buffer is completely filled. Best practice for fighting drive
underruns, of course.
With a very fat fs=# buffer (128 MB for 12x CD is not unrealistic) this
can cause a big delay until burning finally starts and takes its due time.
fifo_start_at=<num> makes cdrskin start burning after the given number of bytes
is read rather than waiting for the FIFO to be completely full resp. the data
stream to end. It risks a few drive buffer underruns at the beginning of burn
- but modern drives stand this.
Usage examples:
{{{
cdrskin ... fs=128m fifo_start_at=20m ...
cdrskin ... fifo_start_at=0 ...
}}}
Note: no FIFO can give you better average throughput than the average
throughput of the data source and the throughput of the burner.
It can be used, though, to bring the effective throughput very close
to the theoretical limit. Especially with high speed media.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--no_rc allows you to surely ban influence from systemwide or user specific
default settings of cdrskin. Possible locations for such settings:
/etc/default/cdrskin
/etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
/etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf
$HOME/.cdrskinrc
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
dev_translation=<sep><from><sep><to> may be needed to foist cdrskin to
frontend programs of cdrecord which do *not* ask cdrecord -scanbus but
which make own assumptions and guesses about cdrecord's device addresses.
Normally, cdrskin understands all addresses which are suitable for cdrecord
under Linux. See cdrskin/README, "Pseudo-SCSI Adresses".
This option is mainly for (yet unknown) exotic configurations or very
stubborn frontend programs.
If a frontend refuses to work with cdrskin, look into the error protocol
of that frontend, look at the output of a run of cdrskin --devices and give
cdrskin the necessary hint.
Example: Your frontend insists in using "0,0,0" and --devices reported
dev='/dev/hdc' resp. cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus reported "1,0,0" then this
would be the appropriate translation:
{{{
dev_translation=+0,0,0+/dev/hdc
}}}
The "+" character is a separator to be choosen by you.
Currently i am not aware of the need to choose any other than "+"
unless you get playful with custom translations like
{{{
dev_translation=-"cd+dvd"-1,0,0
}}}
See http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/k3b_on_cdrskin.html
for an illustrated example with K3b 0.10 .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
DVD advise:
For burning of DVD media other than DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD-R,
the cdrskin project currently advises to use Andy Polyakov's dvd+rw-tools
which despite their historic name are capable of all the media above
and also do dual layer and even BD discs.
http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools
They are not compatible or related to cdrecord resp. cdrecord-ProDVD
(now obsoleted by original source cdrtools cdrecord with identical
capabilities besides the license key).
A special feature of dvd+rw-tools is growing of ISO-9660 filesystems on
overwriteable media. This is not the same as multi-session writing of cdrskin
with CD media, but retrieves additional information from the existing ISO
image and finally manipulates the start sectors of this existing image.
So for growable ISO filesystems on DVD-RAM or DVD+RW growisofs is the only
choice, currently.
cdrskin can offer DVD multi-session only with sequential DVD-R[W] and with
DVD+R.
Associated options blank=, -multi, -msinfo and -toc are available in this case.
Thus sequential DVD-RW behave much like large CD-RW with possibly more than 99
tracks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------