Detailed man page for cdrskin. Based on work of George Danchev.
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.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
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.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
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.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
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.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
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.TH CDRSKIN 1 "December 13, 2006"
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.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
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.\"
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.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
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.\" .nh disable hyphenation
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.\" .hy enable hyphenation
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.\" .ad l left justify
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.\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins
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.\" .nf disable filling
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.\" .fi enable filling
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.\" .br insert line break
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.\" .sp <n> insert n+1 empty lines
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.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
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.SH NAME
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cdrskin \- burns preformatted data to CD-R or CD-RW via libburn.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B cdrskin
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.RI [ options | track_source_addresses ]
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.br
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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.\" TeX users may be more comfortable with the \fB<whatever>\fP and
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.\" \fI<whatever>\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics,
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.\" respectively.
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.PP
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\fBcdrskin\fP is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options in a compatible way.
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You don't need to be root to use it.
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.PP
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.B Overview of features:
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.br
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Blanking of CD-RW.
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.br
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Burning of data or audio tracks to CD.
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.br
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Either in versatile Track at Once mode (TAO)
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.br
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or in Session at Once mode for seamless tracks.
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.br
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Multi session (follow-up sessions in TAO only).
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.br
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Bus scan, burnfree, speed options, retrieving media info, padding, fifo.
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.br
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See section EXAMPLES at the end of this text.
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.PP
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.B Known deficiencies:
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.br
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No DVD support yet.
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.PP
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.B Data recording model:
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.br
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The input-output entities which get processed are called "tracks". Each track
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is depicted by one input argument, which may either be "-" for standard input
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or the address of a readable file. If no write mode is given explicitely then
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one will be choosen which matches the peculiarities of track input and the
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state of the output media.
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.PP
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There can be more than one track burned by a single run of cdrskin.
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CDs can be kept appendable so that further tracks can
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be witten to them in subsequent runs of cdrskin (see option -multi).
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Info about the addresses of burned tracks is kept in a table of
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content (TOC) on media and can be retrieved via cdrskin option -toc.
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These informations are also used by the operating systems' CD-ROM read drivers.
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.br
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BI \-\-help
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Show non-cdrecord compatible options.
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.TP
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.BI \-help
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Show cdrecord compatible options.
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.TP
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.BI \-version
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Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin
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version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit.
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.PP
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Alphabetical list of options which are intended to be compatible with
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original cdrecord by Joerg Schilling:
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.TP
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.BI \-atip
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Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable".
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.TP
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.BI \-audio
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Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio.
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The input is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit,
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stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option
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-swab. Input files with suffix .wav are examined wether they have a header
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in MS-WAVE format confirming those parameters and eventually raw audio data
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get extracted automatically. Same is done for suffix .au and SUN Audio.
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.TP
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.BI blank= type
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Blank a CD-RW disc. This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin.
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The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
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.RS
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.TP
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help
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Print this list of blanking types.
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.TP
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all
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Blank the entire disk.
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.TP
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fast
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Minimally blank the entire disk.
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.RE
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.TP
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.BI \-checkdrive
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Retrieve some info about the addressed drive.
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Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
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.TP
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.BI \-dao
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Alias for option -sao. Write disk in Session at Once mode.
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.TP
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.BI \-data
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Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
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to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio.
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.TP
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.BI dev= target
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Sets the (pseudo-)SCSI address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
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X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus, ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with
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options dev=ATA -scanbus, the device file addresses listed with
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option --devices , volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0").
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Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive might work too.
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.br
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If no dev= is given, volatile address "dev=0" is assumed. That is the first
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drive found being available. Better avoid this on multi-drive systems.
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.br
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The special target "help" lists hints about available addressing formats.
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Be aware that option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr changes the meaning of
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Bus,Target,Lun addresses.
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.TP
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.BI driveropts= opt
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Set "driveropts=burnfree" to enable the drive's eventual protection mechanism
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against temporary lack of input data (i.e. buffer underrun). It is not an error
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to do this with a drive that has no such capabilities.
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.TP
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.BI \-dummy
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Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted
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media. There is no guarantee that this will work with a particular drive
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in a particular write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though.
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.TP
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.BI \-eject
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Eject the disk after work is done.
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.TP
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.BI \-force
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Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn are
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insecure about drive or media state. This includes the attempt to blank
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media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable, and the attempt to use
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write modes which libburn believes they are not supported by the drive.
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.br
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Use this only when in urgent need.
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.TP
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.BI fs= size
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Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have appended letters which
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multiply the preceding number:
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.br
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"k" or "K" = 1024 , "m" or "M" = 1024k , "g" or "G" = 1024m , "s" or "S" = 2048
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.br
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Set size to 0 in order to disable the fifo (default is "4m").
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.br
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The fifo buffers an eventual temporary surplus of input data in order to
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provide the drive with a steady stream during times of temporary lack of input.
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The larger the fifo, the longer periods of poor input can be compensated.
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But a large fifo needs substantial time to fill up if not curbed via
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option fifo_start_at=size.
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.TP
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.BI gracetime= seconds
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Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0)
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.TP
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.BI \-msinfo
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Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up session by option -C
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of programs mkisofs or genisoimage. Print result to standard output.
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This option redirects to stderr all
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message output besides its own result string, which consists of two numbers.
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The result string shall be used as argument of option -C with said programs.
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It gives the start address of the most recent session and the predicted
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start address of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if
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the most recent session was not written with option -multi.
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.TP
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.BI \-multi
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This option keeps the CD appendable after the current session has been written.
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Without it the disk gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it
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is a CD-RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content.
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.br
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The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode.
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.br
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In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual ISO-9660
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filesystem of a follow-up
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session needs to be prepared in a special way by the filesystem formatter
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program. mkisofs and genisoimage expect particular info about the situation
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which can be retrieved by cdrskin option -msinfo.
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.br
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To retrieve an archive file which was written as follow-up session,
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you may use option -toc to learn about the "lba" of the desired track number.
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.TP
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.BI \-nopad
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Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems
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to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies
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only to data tracks. There it is default.
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.TP
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.BI \-pad
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Add 30 kB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to
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avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.)
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.TP
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.BI padsize= size
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Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option
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gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set
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again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
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.TP
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.BI \-raw96r
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Write disk in RAW/RAW96R mode. This mode allows to put more payload bytes
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into a CD sector but obviously at the cost of error correction. It can only
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be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. Some drives allow this mode but
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then behave strange or even go bad for the next few attempts to burn a CD.
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One should use it only if inavoidable.
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.TP
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.BI \-sao
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Write disk in Session At Once mode. This mode is able to put several audio
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tracks on CD without producing audible gaps between them. It can only
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be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that track arguments
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which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceeded by option tsize= or
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by option tao_to_sao_tsize=.
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.TP
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.BI \-scanbus
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Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd*
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are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and
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one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all available
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drives in a single run.)
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.br
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Drives which are busy or which offer no rw-permission to the user of cdrskin
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are not listed. Busy drives get reported in form of warning messages.
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.br
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The useful fields in a result line are:
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.br
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Bus,Target,Lun Number) 'Vendor' 'Mode' 'Revision'
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.TP
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.BI speed= number
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Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a throughput of
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150 kB/s. It is not an error to set a speed higher than is suitable for drive
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and media. One should stay within a realistic speed range, though.
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.TP
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.BI \-swab
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Announce that raw audio data input of subsequent tracks is byte swapped versus
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the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where
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the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel).
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Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order.
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Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with
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suffix ".wav".
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.TP
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.BI \-tao
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Write disk in Track At Once (TAO) mode. This mode can be used with track
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sources of unpredictable size, like standard input or named pipes. It is
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also the only mode that can be used for writing to appendable CD which
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already hold data.
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.TP
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.BI \-toc
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Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on CD.
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The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which begin with
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"track: " followed by the track number, the word "lba:" and a number which
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gives the start address of the track. Addresses are counted in CD sectors which
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with data tracks hold 2048 bytes each.
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.RS
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.TP
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Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2:
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.br
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tracknumber=2
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.br
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lba=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/cdrom -toc 2>&1 | \\
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.br
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grep '^track: [ 0-9][0-9]' | \\
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.br
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tail +"$tracknumber" | head -1 | \\
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.br
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awk '{ print $4}' )
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.br
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dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 skip="$lba" | \\
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.br
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afio -t - | less
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.RE
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.TP
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.BI tsize= size
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Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is necessary with any
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write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a regular disk file, but
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e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named pipe.
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About size specifiers, see option fs=.
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.br
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If the track source does not deliver the predicted amount of bytes, the
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remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is not considered an error.
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If on the other hand the track source delivers more than the announced bytes
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then the track on CD gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits
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with non-zero value.
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.TP
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.BI \-v
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Increment verbose level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages.
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Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes
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some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options.
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Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or
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startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with
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somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode.
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.PP
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Alphabetical list of options which are genuine to cdrskin and intended for
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normal use:
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.TP
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.BI \--any_track
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Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to
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contain a "=" character.
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By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless
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not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
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.TP
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.BI \--allow_setuid
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Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and
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effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary.
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One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition.
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.TP
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.BI \--demand_a_drive
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Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
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.TP
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.BI \--devices
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List the device file addresses of all accessible drives. In order to get
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listed a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may
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not be busy.
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Busy drives are reported as "SORRY" messages of standard error.
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.br
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Each available drive gets listed by a line containing the following fields:
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.br
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Number dev='Devicefile' rw-Permissions : 'Vendor' 'Model'
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.br
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Number and Devicefile can both be used with option dev=, but number is
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volatile (numbering changes if drives become busy).
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Normal users might not see all drives unless the superuser enabled access
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by chmod o+rw
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after using cdrskin --devices to get an overview of the situation.
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That's why current rw-Permissions are listed.
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.TP
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.BI fifo_start_at= size
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Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number
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||||||
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of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput
|
||||||
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near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small
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||||||
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fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to
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||||||
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compensate for temporary lack of input data. At the beginning of burning,
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||||||
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the software protection against buffer underun is as weak as the size of
|
||||||
|
fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which
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||||||
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has to be enabled by driveropts=burnfree.
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.TP
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.BI \--no_rc
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||||||
|
Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and
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||||||
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interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
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.TP
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.BI \--list_ignored_options
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List all ignored cdrecord options. The --options cannot be used as addresses
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||||||
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of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an
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||||||
|
option which ends by "=".
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--single_track
|
||||||
|
Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
|
Alphabetical list of options which are only intended for very special
|
||||||
|
situations and not for normal use:
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--abort_handler
|
||||||
|
Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state
|
||||||
|
but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations.
|
||||||
|
This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or
|
||||||
|
--no_abort_handler.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI dev_translation= <sep><from><sep><to>
|
||||||
|
Set input address alias. This was necessary before cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually
|
||||||
|
translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin addresses.
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
<sep> is a single character which may not occur in the address string
|
||||||
|
<from>. <from> is an address as expected to be given by the user via option
|
||||||
|
dev=. <to> is the address to be used instead whenever <from> is given.
|
||||||
|
More than one translation instruction can be given in one cdrskin run.
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
E.g.: dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sg1 dev_translation=+ATA:1,1,0+/dev/sg2
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--drive_abort_on_busy
|
||||||
|
Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--drive_blocking
|
||||||
|
Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free.
|
||||||
|
This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--drive_not_exclusive
|
||||||
|
Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives.
|
||||||
|
Wether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--drive_scsi_exclusive
|
||||||
|
Linux specific:
|
||||||
|
Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/stK of drive.
|
||||||
|
this would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs.
|
||||||
|
Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to
|
||||||
|
work. Wether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--fifo_disable
|
||||||
|
Disable fifo despite any fs=.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--fifo_per_track
|
||||||
|
Use a separate fifo for each track.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI grab_drive_and_wait= seconds
|
||||||
|
Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive,
|
||||||
|
and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps
|
||||||
|
to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a
|
||||||
|
second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still
|
||||||
|
active.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--ignore_signals
|
||||||
|
Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a
|
||||||
|
very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin
|
||||||
|
to finish.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--no_abort_handler
|
||||||
|
On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good
|
||||||
|
idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--no_blank_appendable
|
||||||
|
Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW. This is a feature that was once builtin with
|
||||||
|
libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--no_convert_fs_adr
|
||||||
|
Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from test-opening
|
||||||
|
device files in order to find one that matches the given dev= specifier.
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
Partly Linux specific:
|
||||||
|
Such opening is needed for Bus,Target,Lun addresses unless option
|
||||||
|
--old_pseudo_scsi_adr is given. It is also needed to resolve device file
|
||||||
|
addresses which are not listed with cdrskin --devices but nevertheless point
|
||||||
|
to a usable drive. (Like /dev/sr0 using the same SCSI address as /dev/sg0.)
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI \--old_pseudo_scsi_adr
|
||||||
|
Linux specific:
|
||||||
|
Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and
|
||||||
|
pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with
|
||||||
|
original cdrecord.
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
.BI tao_to_sao_tsize= size
|
||||||
|
Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track
|
||||||
|
source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified.
|
||||||
|
This is the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn
|
||||||
|
in mode -tao.
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Get an overview of drives:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin -scanbus
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin --devices
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Get info about a particular drive or loaded media:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=ATA:1,0,0 -atip
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -toc
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Make used CD-RW writable again:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -eject
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/dvd blank=fast -eject
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Write ISO-9660 filesystem image:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \\
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
driveropts=burnfree -sao -eject \\
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
padsize=300k my_image.iso
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
find . | afio -oZ - | \\
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 driveropts=burnfree \\
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
padsize=300k -tao -
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Write several sessions to the same CD
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -multi 1.iso
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -multi -tao 2.afio
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -multi -tao 3.afio
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc padsize=300k -tao 4.afio
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Get the multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -msinfo 2>/dev/null)
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ...
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Write audio tracks:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 \\
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
driveropts=burnfree -sao \\
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.SH FILES
|
||||||
|
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on
|
||||||
|
startup to read the arguments from the following files:
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.B /etc/default/cdrskin
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.B /etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.B /etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.B $HOME/.cdrskinrc
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
|
The files are read in the sequence given above, but none of them is
|
||||||
|
required for cdrskin to function properly. Each readable line is treated
|
||||||
|
as one single argument. No extra blanks.
|
||||||
|
A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored.
|
||||||
|
.SS
|
||||||
|
.B Example content of a startup file:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
# This is the default device
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
dev=0,1,0
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
# To accomodate to remnant cdrskin-0.2.2 addresses
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
dev_translation=+1,0,0+0,1,0
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
# Some more options
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
fifo_start_at=0
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
fs=16m
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
Formatting track input for cdrskin:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.BR mkisofs (8),
|
||||||
|
.BR genisoimage (8),
|
||||||
|
.BR afio (1),
|
||||||
|
.BR star (1)
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
Other CD burn programs:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.BR cdrecord (1),
|
||||||
|
.BR wodim (1)
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.TP
|
||||||
|
For DVD burning:
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.BR growisofs (1)
|
||||||
|
.br
|
||||||
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
||||||
|
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>.
|
||||||
|
.PP
|
||||||
|
This manual page was written by George Danchev <danchev@spnet.net> and
|
||||||
|
Thomas Schmitt, for the Debian project and for all others.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user