Wrote down what was learned about DVD-RAM formatting
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libburnia-project.org Optical Media Rotisserie Recipes as of August 2007
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libburnia-project.org Optical Media Rotisserie Recipes as of April 2008
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Content:
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- TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook (CD-R, CD-RW)
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- SAO CD Cookbook (CD-R, CD-RW, pure audio or pure data only)
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- Overwriteable DVD Cookbook (DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, DVD-RW)
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- Sequential DVD-R[W] Cookbook
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- DVD+R Cookbook
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- DVD+R[/DL] Cookbook
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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TAO Multi-Session CD Cookbook
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@ -403,7 +403,8 @@ correctness of Pre-gap and Post-gap would become evident.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Inspired by Andy Polyakov's http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools ,
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backed by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
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and by experiments with drives NEC ND-4570A and LG GSA-4082B.
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and by experiments with drives NEC ND-4570A, LG GSA-4082B, PHILIPS SPD3300L.
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BD-RE experiments done by Giulio Orsero on LG BE06LU10.
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For libburnia-project.org by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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@ -416,18 +417,20 @@ DVD-RAM 0012h
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DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite 0013h
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DVD-RW Sequential Recording 0014h (i.e. unformatted)
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DVD+RW 001Ah
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BD-RE 0043h (writing tested, formatting not tested)
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A short compilation of the write model:
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- Overwriting in general
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The recipes described here are depending on formatting state:
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- DVD-RAM, fully formatted DVD+RW or DVD-RW
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- DVD-RAM, fully formatted DVD+RW, DVD-RW, BD-RE
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- Unformatted DVD+RW
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- Partly formatted DVD+RW
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- Unformatted DVD-RW
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- Partly formatted DVD-RW
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- Intermediate state DVD-RW
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- DVD-RAM and BD-RE formatting
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- DVD-RAM and BD-RE speed tuning
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Overwriting in general :
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@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ Optimal performance is promised without any speed setting. But my experiments
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showed that SET STREAMING values persist after media change.
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In the formatted area of the media, coarse random access is possible.
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For DVD-RAM and DVD+RW write addresses and data size need to be aligned
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For DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, BD-RE write addresses and data size need to be aligned
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to 2 KiB. For DVD-RW alignment has to be 32 KiB. Within these limitations
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the write address is at the discretion of the sending program.
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Just use 2Ah WRITE to send data.
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@ -483,10 +486,13 @@ software did anything wrong.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DVD-RAM, fully formatted DVD+RW or DVD-RW :
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DVD-RAM, fully formatted DVD+RW, DVD-RW, BD-RE :
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Full format is the natural state of DVD-RAM.
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BD-RE are sold unformatted and need to be fully formatted first.
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See paragraph about DVD-RAM and BD-RE formatting below.
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DVD+RW reaches this state if Background Formatting is allowed to finish without
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being stopped by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf, 6.5 FORMAT UNIT, 6.5.4.2.14 Format Type = 26h)
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@ -671,6 +677,79 @@ of Intermediate state by 5Bh CLOSE TRACK SESSION with Close Function 010b.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.3.3.2.3)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DVD-RAM and BD-RE formatting :
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Although DVD-RAM usually are sold formatted, there may still arise the wish
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to adjust formatting.
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BD-RE are sold unformatted and need to be formatted prior to usage.
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Two format types are relevant for DVD-RAM : 00h and 01h.
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00h offers the default size format and usually a maximum payload size format.
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Even with that maximum size payload there is hardware defect management.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.1.2)
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01h allows to convert payload capacity into spare blocks for defect
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managment. There is no way to increase payload capacity by format 01h.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.2.1)
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With BD-RE there are three format types : 00h, 30h and 31h.
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00h offers the default size format.
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30h offers several sizes with defect management. Usually there are three
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size th choose: #1: default size, #2: maximum spare area, #3: minimal spare.
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31h offers a single size and disables defect management. This has the side
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effect to speed up writing to nominal speed.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.15, 6.24.3.3, Table 472)
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Only format sizes from the list of format descriptors are permissible
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for DVD-RAM. The format list can be obtained by 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES.
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It also includes a description of the current formatting state.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.24, 6.24.3.2, 6.24.3.3)
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Formatting is done by command 04h FORMAT UNIT. Its data payload consists
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of a Format List Header and a Format Descriptor. It is advisable to set
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the Immed bit and the FOV bit in header byte number 1. The descriptor should
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be a copy of a descriptor from 23h READ FORMAT CAPACITIES.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5, 6.5.3.2, 6.5.3.3)
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With nearly all formats Sub-type should be set to 0. But with BD-RE formats
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30h and 31h the Sub-type selects the certification mode.
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Usable with 30h seem 10b Full Certification and 11b Quick Certification.
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Usable with 31h seem also 00b Quick Reformat and 01b No Certification.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.5.4.2.15.1)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DVD-RAM and BD-RE tuning :
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A special aspect of DVD-RAM and BD-RE is their low speed with write operations,
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which usually is only half than the nominal speed of media and drive.
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This is blamed to the automatic checkreading which happens ifor managing
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eventual defects.
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Defect management of BD-RE can be disabled by format type 31h. See above.
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There is no drive known yet which would apply command 2Ah WRITE10 to DVD-RAM
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with full speed.
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The only known way to get full speed from DVD-RAM or BD-RE with enabled defect
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management is the use of AAh WRITE12 with Streaming Bit set to 1.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 6.45)
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With some DVD-RAM drives this fails if a write buffer is not full 32 kB.
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With the tested BD-RE ione has to write write full 64 kB buffers.
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Although it seems not optimal, this is specified not only to disable the
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cumbersome checkread but also to ignore known defects and to write data
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to these defective addresses.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 4.8.5)
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So the speed-up is only advisable as long as the media are free of
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incorrectable errors.
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Caveat:
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MMC-5 does not guarantee AAh WRITE12 to work on DVD-RAM or BD-RE at all.
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None of the features of profiles 0012h and 0043 promises the existence of
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AAh WRITE12.
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Nevertheless it worked on all tested drives is proper alignment was observed.
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(mmc5r03c.pdf 5.4.13, 6.45)
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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@ -990,7 +1069,7 @@ close session if multi-session is demanded.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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DVD+R Cookbook
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DVD+R[/DL] Cookbook
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Inspired by reading mmc5r03c.pdf from http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/mmc5/
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backed by Andy Polyakov's http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/tools ,
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@ -1006,7 +1085,7 @@ DVD+R/DL 002bh
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- About empty, appendable and finalized DVD+R
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- Writing a Pseudo Session to DVD+R
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- >>> Hearsay about DVD+R/DL (Dual Layer) :
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- DVD+R/DL (Dual Layer
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The following two chapters of the Sequential DVD-R[W] Cookbook are valid for
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DVD+R media too:
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@ -1100,9 +1179,11 @@ by closing them already after the first session.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Hearsay about DVD+R/DL (Dual Layer) :
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DVD+R/DL (Dual Layer) :
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>>>
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libburn treats DL media just like their single layer equivalents.
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This seems to work fine for DVD+R/DL, according to a report by nightmorph
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in http://libburnia-project.org/ticket/13 .
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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