5305 lines
206 KiB
Plaintext
5305 lines
206 KiB
Plaintext
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
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@c %**start of header
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@setfilename xorriso.info
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@settitle GNU xorriso
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@c %**end of header
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@c
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@c man-ignore-lines begin
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@dircategory Archiving
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@direntry
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* Xorriso: (xorriso). Burns ISO 9660 on CD, DVD, BD.
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@end direntry
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@c man-ignore-lines end
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@c
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@c Notes about embedded man page:
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@c This texinfo code contains the necessary info to produce a man page
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@c which resembles much the version of xorriso.1 from which this code
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@c was originally derived in march 2010.
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@c One can produce the man page by applying the following rules:
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@c The first line gets discarded.
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@c Line start "@c man " will become "", the remainder is put out unaltered.
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@c Lines "@*" will be converted to ".br"
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@c "@c man-ignore-lines N" will discard N following lines.
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@c "@c man-ignore-lines begin" discards all following lines
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@c up to "@c man-ignore-lines end".
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@c Line blocks of "@menu" "@end menu" will be discarded.
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@c "@item -word words" becomes "\fB\-word\fR words".
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@c "@item word words" becomes "\fBword\fR words".
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@c @strong{-...} gets mapped to \fB\-...\fR .
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@c @strong{...} gets mapped to \fB...\fR .
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@c @minus{} will become "-".
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@c @@ , @{, @} will get stripped of their first @.
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@c Other lines which begin by "@" will be discarded.
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@c In lines not stemming from "@c man", "\" becomes "\\"
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@c
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@c
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@c man .\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
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@c man .\"
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@c man .\" IMPORTANT NOTE:
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@c man .\"
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@c man .\" The original of this file is kept in xorriso/xorriso.texi
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@c man .\" This here was generated by program xorriso/make_xorriso_1
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@c man .\"
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@c man .\"
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@c man .\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
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@c man .\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
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@c man .\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
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@c man .TH XORRISO 1 "Dec 10, 2010"
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@c man .\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
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@c man .\"
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@c man .\" Some roff macros, for reference:
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@c man .\" .nh disable hyphenation
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@c man .\" .hy enable hyphenation
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@c man .\" .ad l left justify
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@c man .\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins
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@c man .\" .nf disable filling
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@c man .\" .fi enable filling
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@c man .\" .br insert line break
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@c man .\" .sp <n> insert n+1 empty lines
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@c man .\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
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@c man .nh
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@c man-ignore-lines begin
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@copying
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xorriso - creates, loads, manipulates and writes ISO 9660 filesystem images
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with Rock Ridge extensions.
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Copyright @copyright{} 2007 - 2010 Thomas Schmitt
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@quotation
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Permission is granted to distrubute this text freely.
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@end quotation
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@end copying
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@c man-ignore-lines end
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@titlepage
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@title Manual of GNU xorriso
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@author Thomas Schmitt
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@page
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@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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@insertcopying
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@end titlepage
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@contents
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@ifnottex
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@node Top
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@top GNU xorriso
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@c man-ignore-lines 1
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@c man .SH NAME
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xorriso - creates, loads, manipulates and writes ISO 9660 filesystem images
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with Rock Ridge extensions.
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@end ifnottex
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@menu
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* Overview:: Overview
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* Model:: Session model
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* Media:: Media types and states
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* Methods:: Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing
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* Drives:: Libburn drives
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* Extras:: Rock Ridge, POSIX, X/Open, El Torito, ACL, xattr
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* Processing:: Command processing
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* Dialog:: Dialog, Readline, Result pager
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* Options:: Reference of commands
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|
* Examples:: Examples
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* Files:: Files
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* Seealso:: See also
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* Legal:: Author, Copyright, Credits
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* CommandIdx:: Alphabetic Command List
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* ConceptIdx:: Alphabetic List of Concepts and Objects
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@end menu
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@node Overview, Model, Top, Top
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@chapter Overview
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@c man .SH SYNOPSIS
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@c man .B xorriso
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@c man .RI [ settings | actions ]
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@c man .br
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@c man .SH DESCRIPTION
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@c man .PP
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@strong{xorriso}
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is a program which copies file objects from POSIX compliant
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filesystems into Rock Ridge enhanced ISO 9660 filesystems and allows
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session-wise manipulation of such filesystems. It can load the management
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information of existing ISO images and it writes the session results to
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optical media or to filesystem objects.
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@*
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Vice versa xorriso is able to copy file objects out of ISO 9660 filesystems.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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A special property of xorriso is that it needs neither an external ISO 9660
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formatter program nor an external burn program for CD, DVD or BD but rather
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incorporates the libraries of libburnia-project.org .
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@c man .SS
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@section Features
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@c man .B Overview of features:
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@*
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Operates on an existing ISO image or creates a new one.
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@*
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Copies files from disk filesystem into the ISO image.
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@*
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|
Copies files from ISO image to disk filesystem (see osirrox).
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@*
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Renames or deletes file objects in the ISO image.
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@*
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Changes file properties in the ISO image.
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@*
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Updates ISO subtrees incrementally to match given disk subtrees.
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@*
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|
Writes result either as completely new image or as add-on session
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to optical media or filesystem objects.
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@*
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Can activate ISOLINUX and GRUB boot images via El Torito and MBR.
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@*
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Can perform multi-session tasks as emulation of mkisofs and cdrecord.
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@*
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Can record and restore hard links and ACL.
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@*
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Content may get zisofs compressed or filtered by external processes.
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@*
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Can issue commands to mount older sessions on GNU/Linux or FreeBSD.
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@*
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Can check media for damages and copy readable blocks to disk.
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@*
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Can attach MD5 checksums to each data file and the whole session.
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@*
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Scans for optical drives, blanks re-useable optical media.
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@*
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Reads its instructions from command line arguments, dialog, and files.
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@*
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Provides navigation commands for interactive ISO image manipulation.
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@*
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Adjustable thresholds for abort, exit value, and problem reporting.
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@c man .SS
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@c man .B General information paragraphs:
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@c man .br
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@c man Session model
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@c man .br
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@c man Media types and states
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@c man .br
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@c man Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing
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@c man .br
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@c man Libburn drives
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@c man .br
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@c man Rock Ridge, POSIX, X/Open, El Torito, ACL, xattr
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@c man .br
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@c man Command processing
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@c man .br
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@c man Dialog, Readline, Result pager
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@c man .sp 1
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@c man Maybe you first want to have a look at section EXAMPLES near the end of
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@c man this text before reading the next few hundred lines of background information.
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@c man .SS
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@node Model, Media, Overview, Top
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@chapter Session model
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@c man \fBSession model:\fR
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@c man .br
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@cindex Session, _definition
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Unlike other filesystems, ISO 9660 is not intended for read-write operation but
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rather for being generated in a single sweep and being written to media as a
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@strong{session}.
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@*
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@cindex Image, _definition
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The data content of the session is called filesystem @strong{image}.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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The written image in its session can then be mounted by the operating system
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|
for being used read-only. GNU/Linux is able to mount ISO images from block
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devices, which may represent optical media, other media or via a loop device
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even from regular disk files. FreeBSD mounts ISO images from devices that
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represent arbitrary media or from regular disk files.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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@cindex Multi-session, _definition
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|
This session usage model has been extended on CD media by the concept of
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@strong{multi-session} ,
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which allows to add information to the CD and gives the mount programs
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of the operating systems the addresses of the entry points of each
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session. The mount programs recognize block devices which represent
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CD media and will by default mount the image in the last session.
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@*
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This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole media
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which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions.
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So in the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular media
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together form a single filesystem image.
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@*
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|
Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as
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@strong{growing}.
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@*
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The multi-session model of the MMC standard does not apply to all media
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types. But program growisofs by Andy Polyakov showed how to extend this
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functionality to overwriteable media or disk files which carry valid ISO 9660
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filesystems.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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xorriso provides growing as well as an own method named
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@strong{modifying} which produces a completely new ISO image from the old
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one and the modifications.
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See paragraph Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing below.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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xorriso adopts the concept of multi-session by loading an eventual image
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|
directory tree, allowing to manipulate it by several actions, and to write
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|
the new image to the target media.
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@c man .br
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|
The first session of a xorriso run begins by the definition of the input
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drive with the eventual ISO image or by the definition of an output drive.
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The session ends by command -commit which triggers writing. A -commit is
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done automatically when the program ends regularly.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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After -commit a new session begins with the freshly written one as input.
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A new input drive can only be chosen as long as the loaded ISO image was
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not altered. Pending alteration can be revoked by command -rollback.
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@c man .PP
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@sp 1
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|
Writing a session to the target is supposed to be very expensive in terms of
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|
time and of consumed space on appendable or write-once media. Therefore all
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intended manipulations of a particular ISO image should be done in a single
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|
session. But in principle it is possible
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|
to store intermediate states and to continue with image manipulations.
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|
@c man .SS
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|
@node Media, Methods, Model, top
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|
@chapter Media types and states
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|
@c man .B Media types and states:
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|
There are two families of media in the MMC standard:
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|
@*
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|
@cindex Multi-session media, _definition
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|
@strong{Multi-session media} are CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD+R/DL, BD-R, and
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|
unformatted DVD-RW. These media provide a table of content which
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|
describes their existing sessions. See option @strong{-toc}.
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|
@*
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|
Similar to multi-session media are DVD-R DL and minimally blanked DVD-RW.
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|
They allow only a single session of which the size must be known in advance.
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|
xorriso will write onto them only if option -close is set to "on".
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@*
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|
@cindex Overwriteable media, _definition
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|
@strong{Overwriteable media} are DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, BD-RE, and formatted DVD-RW.
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|
They allow random write access but do not provide information about their
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|
session history. If they contain one or more ISO 9660 sessions and if the
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|
first session was written by xorriso, then a table of content can
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be emulated. Else only a single overall session will be visible.
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@*
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|
DVD-RW media can be formatted by -format "full".
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|
They can be made unformatted by -blank "deformat".
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|
@*
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|
Regular files and block devices are handled as overwriteable media.
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|
Pipes and other writeable file types are handled as blank multi-session media.
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|
@c man .PP
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|
@sp 1
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|
These media can assume several states in which they offer different
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|
capabilities.
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|
@*
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|
@sp 1
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|
@cindex Blank media, _definition
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|
@strong{Blank} media can be written from scratch. They contain no ISO image
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|
suitable for xorriso.
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|
@*
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|
Blank is the state of newly purchased optical media.
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|
With used CD-RW and DVD-RW it can be achieved by action -blank "as_needed".
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|
Overwriteable media are considered blank if they are new or if they have
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|
been marked as blank by xorriso.
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|
Action -blank "as_needed" can be used to do this marking on overwriteable
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|
media, or to apply eventual mandatory formatting to new media.
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|
@*
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|
@sp 1
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|
@cindex Appendable media, _definition
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|
@strong{Appendable} media accept further sessions. Either they are MMC
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|
multi-session media in appendable state, or they are overwriteable media
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|
which contain an ISO image suitable for xorriso.
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@*
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|
Appendable is the state after writing a session with option -close off.
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|
@*
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|
@sp 1
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|
@cindex Closed media, _definition
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|
@strong{Closed} media cannot be written. They may contain an ISO image suitable
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for xorriso.
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@*
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|
Closed is the state of DVD-ROM media and of multi-session media which were
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|
written with option -close on. If the drive is read-only hardware then it will
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|
probably show any media as closed CD-ROM resp. DVD-ROM.
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|
@*
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|
Overwriteable media assume this state in such read-only drives or if they
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contain unrecognizable data in the first 32 data blocks.
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@*
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|
Read-only drives may or may not show session histories of multi-session
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|
media. Often only the first and the last session are visible. Sometimes
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|
not even that. Option -rom_toc_scan might or might not help in such cases.
|
|
@c man .SS
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|
@node Methods, Drives, Media, top
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|
@chapter Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing:
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|
@c man .B Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing:
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|
@*
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|
@cindex Create, new ISO image, _definiton
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|
A new empty ISO image gets @strong{created}
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|
if there is no input drive with a valid ISO 9660 image when the first time
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|
an output drive is defined. This is achieved by option -dev on blank media
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|
or by option -outdev on media in any state.
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|
@*
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|
The new empty image can be populated with directories and files.
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|
Before it can be written, the media in the output drive must get into
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|
blank state if it was not blank already.
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@c man .PP
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|
@sp 1
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|
If there is a input drive with a valid ISO image, then this image gets loaded
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|
as foundation for manipulations and extension. The constellation of input
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|
and output drive determines which write method will be used.
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|
They have quite different capabilities and constraints.
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|
@c man .PP
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|
@sp 1
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|
@cindex Growing, _definition
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|
The method of @strong{growing} adds new data to the existing media. These
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|
data comprise of eventual new file content and they override the existing
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|
ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from
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|
previous sessions but they still exist on media and with many types of
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|
optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older sessions.
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|
@*
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|
Growing is achieved by option -dev.
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|
@c man .PP
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|
@sp 1
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|
@cindex Modifying, _definition
|
|
The write method of @strong{modifying} produces compact filesystem
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|
images with no outdated files or directory trees. Modifying can write its
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|
images to target media which are completely unsuitable for multi-session
|
|
operations. E.g. DVD-RW which were treated with -blank deformat_quickest,
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|
DVD-R DL, named pipes, character devices, sockets.
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|
On the other hand modified sessions cannot be written to appendable media
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|
but to blank media only.
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|
@*
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|
So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work with
|
|
filesystem objects as source and/or target media.
|
|
@*
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|
Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same and
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|
if option -grow_blindly is set to its default "off".
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|
This is achieved by options -indev and -outdev.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
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|
@cindex Blind growing, _definition
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|
If option -grow_blindly is set to a non-negative number and if -indev and
|
|
-outdev are both set to different drives, then @strong{blind growing} is
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|
performed. It produces an add-on session which is ready for being written
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|
to the given block address. This is the usage model of
|
|
@*
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|
mkisofs -M $indev -C $msc1,$msc2 -o $outdev
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|
@*
|
|
which gives much room for wrong parameter combinations and should thus only be
|
|
employed if a strict distinction between ISO formatter xorriso and the burn
|
|
program is desired. -C $msc1,$msc2 is equivalent to:
|
|
@*
|
|
-load sbsector $msc1 -grow_blindly $msc2
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@node Drives, Extras, Methods, top
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|
@chapter Libburn drives
|
|
@c man .B Libburn drives:
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@cindex Drive, _definiton
|
|
Input drive, i.e. source of an existing or empty ISO image, can be any random
|
|
access readable libburn drive: optical media with readable data,
|
|
blank optical media, regular files, block devices.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Output drive, i.e. target for writing, can be any libburn drive.
|
|
Some drive types do not support the method of growing but only the methods
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|
of modifying and blind growing. They all are suitable for newly created images.
|
|
@*
|
|
All drive file objects have to offer rw-permission to the user of xorriso.
|
|
Even those which will not be useable for reading an ISO image.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
MMC compliant (i.e. optical) drives on GNU/Linux usually get addressed by
|
|
the path of their block device or of their generic character device. E.g.
|
|
@*
|
|
-dev /dev/sr0
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|
@*
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|
-dev /dev/hdc
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|
@*
|
|
-dev /dev/sg2
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|
@*
|
|
On FreeBSD the device files have names like
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|
@*
|
|
-dev /dev/cd0
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|
@*
|
|
On OpenSolaris:
|
|
@*
|
|
-dev /dev/rdsk/c4t0d0s2
|
|
@*
|
|
Get a list of accessible drives by command
|
|
@*
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|
-devices
|
|
@*
|
|
It might be necessary to do this as
|
|
@strong{superuser}
|
|
in order to see all drives and to then allow rw-access for the intended users.
|
|
Consider to bundle the authorized users in a group like old "floppy".
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Filesystem objects of nearly any type can be addressed by prefix "stdio:" and
|
|
their path in the filesystem. E.g.:
|
|
@*
|
|
-dev stdio:/dev/sdc
|
|
@*
|
|
The default setting of -drive_class allows to address files outside the
|
|
/dev tree without that prefix. E.g.:
|
|
@*
|
|
-dev /tmp/pseudo_drive
|
|
@*
|
|
If path leads to a regular file or to a block device then the emulated drive
|
|
is random access readable and can be used for the method of growing if it
|
|
already contains a valid ISO 9660 image. Any other file type is not readable
|
|
via "stdio:" and can only be used as target for the method of modifying or
|
|
blind growing.
|
|
Non-existing paths in existing directories are handled as empty regular files.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
A very special kind of pseudo drive are open file descriptors. They are
|
|
depicted by "stdio:/dev/fd/" and descriptor number (see man 2 open).
|
|
@*
|
|
Addresses "-" or "stdio:/dev/fd/1" depict standard output, which normally is
|
|
the output channel for result texts.
|
|
To prevent a fatal intermingling of ISO image and text messages, all result
|
|
texts get redirected to stderr if -*dev "-" or "stdio:/dev/fd/1" is among
|
|
the start arguments of the program.
|
|
@*
|
|
Standard output is currently suitable for creating one session
|
|
per program run without dialog. Use in other situations is discouraged
|
|
and several restrictions apply:
|
|
@*
|
|
It is not allowed to use standard output as pseudo drive if it was not
|
|
among the start arguments. Do not try to fool this ban via backdoor addresses
|
|
to stdout.
|
|
@*
|
|
If stdout is used as drive, then -use_readline is permanently disabled.
|
|
Use of backdoors can cause severe memory and/or tty corruption.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Be aware that especially the superuser can write into any accessible file or
|
|
device by using its path with the "stdio:" prefix. By default any address
|
|
in the /dev tree without prefix "stdio:" will work only if it leads to a MMC
|
|
drive.
|
|
@*
|
|
One may use option
|
|
@strong{-ban_stdio_write}
|
|
to surely prevent this risk and to allow only MMC drives.
|
|
@*
|
|
One may prepend "mmc:" to a path to surely disallow any automatic "stdio:".
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
By option -drive_class one may ban certain paths or allow access without
|
|
prefix "stdio:" to other paths.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@node Extras, Processing, Drives, top
|
|
@chapter Rock Ridge, POSIX, X/Open, El Torito, ACL, xattr
|
|
@c man .B Rock Ridge, POSIX, X/Open, El Torito, ACL, xattr:
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@cindex Rock Ridge, _definiton
|
|
@strong{Rock Ridge}
|
|
is the name of a set of additional information which enhance
|
|
an ISO 9660 filesystem so that it can represent a POSIX compliant filesystem
|
|
with ownership, access permissions, symbolic links, and other attributes.
|
|
@*
|
|
This is what xorriso uses for a decent representation of the disk files
|
|
within the ISO image. Rock Ridge information is produced with any xorriso
|
|
image.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
xorriso is not named "porriso" because POSIX only guarantees 14 characters
|
|
of filename length. It is the X/Open System Interface standard XSI which
|
|
demands a file name length of up to 255 characters and paths of up to 1024
|
|
characters. Rock Ridge fulfills this demand.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@cindex El Torito, _definiton
|
|
An @strong{El Torito}
|
|
boot record points the BIOS bootstrapping facility to one or more boot
|
|
images, which are binary program files stored in the ISO image.
|
|
The content of the boot image files is not in the scope of El Torito.
|
|
@*
|
|
Most bootable GNU/Linux CDs are equipped with ISOLINUX or GRUB boot images.
|
|
xorriso is able to create or maintain an El Torito object which makes such
|
|
an image bootable. For details see option -boot_image.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex MBR, _definiton
|
|
It is possible to make ISO images bootable from USB stick or other
|
|
hard-disk-like media by -boot_image argument system_area= . This installs
|
|
a Master Boot Record which may get adjusted according to the needs
|
|
of GRUB resp. ISOLINUX.
|
|
An @strong{MBR} contains boot code and a partition table. It does not hamper
|
|
CDROM booting. The new MBR of a follow-up session can get in effect
|
|
only on overwriteable media.
|
|
@*
|
|
Emulation -as mkisofs supports the example options out of the ISOLINUX wiki,
|
|
the options used in GRUB script grub-mkrescue, and the example in the
|
|
FreeBSD AvgLiveCD wiki.
|
|
@*
|
|
There is support for boot facilities other than PC BIOS:
|
|
EFI, MIPS Big Endian (SGI), MIPS Little Endian (DEC), SUN SPARC.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@cindex ACL, _definiton
|
|
@strong{ACL}
|
|
are an advanced way of controlling access permissions to file objects. Neither
|
|
ISO 9660 nor Rock Ridge specify a way to record ACLs. So libisofs has
|
|
introduced a standard conformant extension named AAIP for that purpose.
|
|
It uses this extension if enabled by option
|
|
@strong{-acl}.
|
|
@*
|
|
AAIP enhanced images are supposed to be mountable normally, but one cannot
|
|
expect that the mounted filesystem will show and respect the eventual ACLs.
|
|
For now, only xorriso is able to retrieve those ACLs. It can bring them into
|
|
effect when files get restored to an ACL enabled file system or it can
|
|
print them in a format suitable for tool setfacl.
|
|
@*
|
|
Files with ACL show as group permissions the setting of entry "mask::" if
|
|
that entry exists. Nevertheless the non-listed group members get handled
|
|
according to entry "group::". xorriso brings "group::" into effect before
|
|
eventually removing the ACL from a file.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@cindex xattr, _definiton
|
|
@strong{xattr} (aka EA)
|
|
are pairs of name and value which can be attached to file objects. AAIP is
|
|
able to represent them and xorriso allows to record and restore pairs which
|
|
have names out of the user namespace. I.e. those which begin with "user.",
|
|
like "user.x" or "user.whatever". Name has to be a 0 terminated string.
|
|
Value may be any array of bytes which does not exceed the size of 4095 bytes.
|
|
xattr processing happens only if it is enabled by option
|
|
@strong{-xattr}.
|
|
@*
|
|
As with ACL, currently only xorriso is able to retrieve xattr from AAIP
|
|
enhanced images, to restore them to xattr capable file systems, or to print
|
|
them.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@node Processing, Dialog, Extras, top
|
|
@chapter Command processing
|
|
@c man .B Command processing:
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
Commands are either actions which happen immediately or settings which
|
|
influence following actions. So their sequence does matter.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex List delimiter, _definiton
|
|
Commands consist of a command word,
|
|
followed by zero or more parameter words. If the list of parameter words
|
|
is of variable length (indicated by "[...]" or "[***]") then it has to be
|
|
terminated by either the @strong{list delimiter}, or the end of argument list,
|
|
or an end of an input line.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
At program start the list delimiter is the word "@minus{}@minus{}".
|
|
This may be changed by option -list_delimiter in order to allow
|
|
"@minus{}@minus{}" as argument in a list of variable length.
|
|
It is advised to reset the delimiter to "@minus{}@minus{}" immediately
|
|
afterwards.
|
|
@*
|
|
For brevity the list delimiter is referred as "@minus{}@minus{}"
|
|
throughout this text.
|
|
@*
|
|
The list delimiter is silently tolerated if it appears after the parameters of
|
|
a command with a fixed list length. It is handled as normal text if it
|
|
appears among the arguments of such a command.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@cindex Pattern expansion, _definition
|
|
@strong{Pattern expansion}
|
|
converts a list of pattern words into a list of existing file addresses.
|
|
Eventual unmatched pattern words appear themselves in that result list, though.
|
|
@*
|
|
Pattern matching supports the usual shell parser wildcards '*' '?' '[xyz]'
|
|
and respects '/' as separator which may only be matched literally.
|
|
@*
|
|
It is a property of some particular commands and not a general
|
|
feature. It gets controlled by commands -iso_rr_pattern and -disk_pattern.
|
|
Commands which eventually use pattern expansion all have variable argument
|
|
lists which are marked in this man page by "[***]" rather than "[...]".
|
|
@*
|
|
Some other commands perform pattern matching unconditionally.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Command and parameter words are either read from program arguments, where one
|
|
argument is one word, or from quoted input lines where words are recognized
|
|
similar to the quotation rules of a shell parser.
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso is not a shell, although it might appear so on first glimpse.
|
|
Be aware that the interaction of quotation marks and pattern symbols like "*"
|
|
differs from the usual shell parsers. In xorriso, a quotation mark does not
|
|
make a pattern symbol literal.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@cindex Quoted input, _definiton
|
|
@strong{Quoted input}
|
|
converts whitespace separated text pieces into words.
|
|
The double quotation mark " and the single quotation mark ' can be used to
|
|
enclose whitespace and make it part of words (e.g. of file names). Each mark
|
|
type can enclose the marks of the other type. A trailing backslash \ outside
|
|
quotations or an open quotation cause the next input line to be appended.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex Backslash Interpretation, _definition
|
|
Quoted input accepts any ASCII character except NUL (0) as content of quotes.
|
|
Nevertheless it can be cumbersome for the user to produce those characters
|
|
at all. Therefore quoted input and program arguments allow optional
|
|
@strong{Backslash Interpretation}
|
|
which can represent all ASCII characters except NUL (0) by backslash codes
|
|
as in $'...' of bash.
|
|
@*
|
|
It is not enabled by default. See option -backslash_codes.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
When the program begins then it first looks for argument -no_rc. If this is
|
|
not present then it looks for its startup files and
|
|
eventually reads their content as command input lines. Then it interprets
|
|
the program arguments as commands and parameters and finally it enters
|
|
dialog mode if command -dialog "on" was executed up to then.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The program ends either by command -end, or by the end of program arguments
|
|
if not dialog was enabled up to that moment, or by a problem
|
|
event which triggers the threshold of command -abort_on.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@node Dialog, Options, Processing, top
|
|
@chapter Dialog, Readline, Result pager
|
|
@c man .B Dialog, Readline, Result pager:
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
Dialog mode prompts for a quoted input line, parses it into words, and performs
|
|
them as commands with their parameters. It provides assisting services
|
|
to make dialog more comfortable.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Readline is an enhancement for the input line. You may know it already from
|
|
the bash shell. Whether it is available in xorriso depends on the availability
|
|
of package readline-dev at the time when xorriso was built from its sourcecode.
|
|
@*
|
|
It allows to move the cursor over the text in the line by help of the
|
|
Leftward and the Rightward arrow key.
|
|
Text may be inserted at the cursor position. The Delete key removes the
|
|
character under the cursor. Upward and Downward arrow keys navigate through
|
|
the history of previous input lines.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
See info readline
|
|
@c man See man readline
|
|
for more info about libreadline.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Option -page activates a built-in result text pager which may be convenient in
|
|
dialog. After an action has put out the given number of terminal lines,
|
|
the pager prompts the user for a line of input.
|
|
@*
|
|
An empty line lets xorriso resume work until the next page is put out.
|
|
@*
|
|
The single character "@@" disables paging for the current action.
|
|
@*
|
|
"@@@@@@", "x", "q", "X", or "Q" urge the current action to abort and suppress
|
|
further result output.
|
|
@*
|
|
Any other line will be interpreted as new dialog line. The current action
|
|
is urged to abort. Afterwards, the input line is executed.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Some actions apply paging to their info output, too.
|
|
@*
|
|
The urge to abort may or may not be obeyed by the current action. All actions
|
|
try to abort as soon as possible.
|
|
@node Options, Examples, Dialog, top
|
|
@chapter Options
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .SH OPTIONS
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
All command words are shown with a leading dash although this dash is not
|
|
mandatory for the option to be recognized. Nevertheless within option -as
|
|
the dashes of the emulated options are mandatory.
|
|
@*
|
|
Normally any number of leading dashes is ignored with command words and
|
|
inner dashes are interpreted as underscores.
|
|
@menu
|
|
* AqDrive:: Aquiring source and target drive
|
|
* Loading:: Influencing the behavior of image loading
|
|
* Insert:: Inserting files into ISO image
|
|
* SetInsert:: Settings for file insertion
|
|
* Manip:: File manipulations
|
|
* CmdFind:: Tree traversal command -find
|
|
* Filter:: Filters for data file content
|
|
* Writing:: Writing the result, drive control
|
|
* SetWrite:: Settings for result writing
|
|
* Bootable:: Bootable ISO images
|
|
* Jigdo:: Jigdo Template Extraction
|
|
* Charset:: Character sets
|
|
* Exception:: Exception processing
|
|
* DialogCtl:: Dialog mode control
|
|
* Inquiry:: Drive and media related inquiry actions
|
|
* Navigate:: Navigation in ISO image and disk filesystem
|
|
* Verify:: Evaluation of readability and recovery
|
|
* Restore:: osirrox ISO-to-disk restore options
|
|
* Emulation:: Command compatibility emulations (cdrtools)
|
|
* Scripting:: Scripting, dialog and program control features
|
|
* Frontend:: Support for frontend programs via stdin and stdout
|
|
@end menu
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@node AqDrive, Loading, Options, Options
|
|
@section Aquiring source and target drive
|
|
@c man .B Aquiring source and target drive:
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
Before aquiring a drive one will eventually enable options which influence
|
|
the behavior of image loading. See next option group.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dev address
|
|
@kindex -dev aquires one drive for input and output
|
|
@cindex Drive, for input and output, -dev
|
|
Set input and output drive to the same address and load an eventual ISO image.
|
|
If there is no ISO image then create a blank one.
|
|
Set the image expansion method to growing.
|
|
@*
|
|
This is only allowed as long as no changes are pending in the currently
|
|
loaded ISO image. Eventually one has to perform -commit or -rollback first.
|
|
@*
|
|
Special address string "-" means standard output, to which several restrictions
|
|
apply. See above paragraph "Libburn drives".
|
|
@*
|
|
An empty address string "" gives up the current device
|
|
without aquiring a new one.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -indev address
|
|
@kindex -indev aquires a drive for input
|
|
@cindex Drive, for input, -indev
|
|
Set input drive and load an eventual ISO image. If the new input drive differs
|
|
from -outdev then switch from growing to modifying or to blind growing.
|
|
It depends on the setting of -grow_blindly which of both gets activated.
|
|
The same rules and restrictions apply as with -dev.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -outdev address
|
|
@kindex -outdev aquires a drive for output
|
|
@cindex Drive, for output, -outdev
|
|
Set output drive and if it differs from the input drive then switch from
|
|
growing to modifying or to blind growing. Unlike -dev and -indev this action
|
|
does not load a new ISO image. So it can be performed even if there are pending
|
|
changes.
|
|
@*
|
|
-outdev can be performed without previous -dev or -indev. In that case an
|
|
empty ISO image with no changes pending is created. It can either be populated
|
|
by help of -map, -add et.al. or it can be discarded silently if -dev or -indev
|
|
are performed afterwards.
|
|
@*
|
|
Special address string "-" means standard output, to which several restrictions
|
|
apply. See above paragraph "Libburn drives".
|
|
@*
|
|
An empty address string "" gives up the current output drive
|
|
without aquiring a new one. No writing is possible without an output drive.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -grow_blindly "off"|predicted_nwa
|
|
@kindex -grow_blindly overides next writeable address
|
|
@cindex Next writeable address, -grow_blindly
|
|
If predicted_nwa is a non-negative number then perform blind growing rather
|
|
than modifying if -indev and -outdev are set to different drives.
|
|
"off" or "-1" switch to modifying, which is the default.
|
|
@*
|
|
predicted_nwa is the block address where the add-on session of blind
|
|
growing will finally end up. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure
|
|
this final position and the presence of the older sessions. Else the
|
|
overall ISO image will not be mountable or will produce read errors when
|
|
accessing file content. xorriso will write the session to the address
|
|
as obtained from examining -outdev and not necessarily to predicted_nwa.
|
|
@*
|
|
During a run of blind growing, the input drive is given up before output
|
|
begins. The output drive is given up when writing is done.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Influencing the behavior of image loading:
|
|
@node Loading, Insert, AqDrive, Options
|
|
@section Influencing the behavior of image loading
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
The following options should normally be performed before loading an image
|
|
by aquiring an input drive. In rare cases it is desirable to activate
|
|
them only after image loading.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -load entity id
|
|
@kindex -load addresses a particular session as input
|
|
@cindex Session, select as input, -load
|
|
Load a particular (possibly outdated) ISO session from -dev or -indev.
|
|
Usually all available sessions are shown with option -toc.
|
|
@*
|
|
entity depicts the kind of addressing. id depicts the particular
|
|
address. The following entities are defined:
|
|
@*
|
|
"auto" with any id addresses the last session in -toc. This is the default.
|
|
@*
|
|
"session" with id being a number as of a line "ISO session", column "Idx".
|
|
@*
|
|
"track" with id being a number as of a line "ISO track", column "Idx".
|
|
@*
|
|
"lba" or "sbsector" with a number as of a line "ISO ...", column "sbsector".
|
|
@*
|
|
"volid" with a search pattern for a text as of a line "ISO ...",
|
|
column "Volume Id".
|
|
@*
|
|
Adressing a non-existing entity or one which does not represent an ISO
|
|
image will either abandon -indev or at least lead to a blank image.
|
|
@*
|
|
If an input drive is set at the moment when -load is executed, then the
|
|
addressed ISO image is loaded immediately. Else, the setting will be pending
|
|
until the next -dev or -indev. After the image has been loaded once, the
|
|
setting is valid for -rollback until next -dev or -indev, where it
|
|
will be reset to "auto".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -displacement [-]lba
|
|
@kindex -displacement compensate altered image start address
|
|
@cindex Session, altered start address, -displacement
|
|
Compensate an eventual displacement of the image versus the start address
|
|
for which the image was prepared. This affects only loading of ISO images
|
|
and reading of their files. The multi-session method of growing is not allowed
|
|
as long as -displacement is non-zero. I.e. -indev and -outdev must be
|
|
different. Eventually the displacement is reset to 0 before the drive
|
|
gets re-aquired after writing.
|
|
@*
|
|
Examples:
|
|
@*
|
|
If a track of a CD starts at block 123456 and gets copied to a disk file
|
|
where it begins at block 0, then this copy can be loaded with
|
|
-displacement -123456.
|
|
@*
|
|
If an ISO image was written onto a partition with offset of 640000 blocks of
|
|
512 bytes, then it can be loaded from the base device by -displacement 160000.
|
|
@*
|
|
In both cases, the ISO sessions should be self contained, i.e. not add-on
|
|
sessions to an ISO image outside their track resp. partition.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -drive_class "harmless"|"banned"|"caution"|"clear_list" disk_pattern
|
|
@kindex -drive_class controls drive accessability
|
|
@cindex Drive, accessability, -drive_class
|
|
Add a drive path pattern to one of the safety lists or make those lists empty.
|
|
There are three lists defined which get tested in the following sequence:
|
|
@*
|
|
If a drive address path matches the "harmless" list then the drive will be
|
|
accepted. If it is not a MMC device then the prefix "stdio:" will be prepended
|
|
automatically. This list is empty by default.
|
|
@*
|
|
Else if the path matches the "banned" list then the drive will not be
|
|
accepted by xorriso but rather lead to a FAILURE event. This list is empty by
|
|
default.
|
|
@*
|
|
Else if the path matches the "caution" list and if it is not a MMC device,
|
|
then its address must have the prefix "stdio:" or it will be rejected.
|
|
This list has by default one entry: "/dev".
|
|
@*
|
|
If a drive path matches no list then it is considered "harmless". By default
|
|
these are all paths which do not begin with directory "/dev".
|
|
@*
|
|
A path matches a list if one of its parent paths or itself matches a list
|
|
entry. An eventual address prefix "stdio:" or "mmc:" will be ignored when
|
|
testing for matches.
|
|
@*
|
|
By pseudo-class "clear_list" and pseudo-patterns "banned", "caution",
|
|
"harmless", or "all", the lists may be made empty.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -drive_class clear_list banned
|
|
@*
|
|
One will normally define the -drive_class lists in one of the xorriso
|
|
Startup Files.
|
|
@*
|
|
Note: This is not a security feature but rather a bumper for the superuser to
|
|
prevent inadverted mishaps. For reliably blocking access to a device file you
|
|
have to deny its rw-permissions in the filesystem.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -assert_volid pattern severity
|
|
@kindex -assert_volid rejects undesired images
|
|
@cindex Image, demand volume id, -assert_volid
|
|
Refuse to load ISO images with volume ids which do not match the given
|
|
search pattern. When refusing an image, give up the input drive and issue
|
|
an event of the given severity (like FAILURE, see -abort_on). An empty search
|
|
pattern accepts any image.
|
|
@*
|
|
This option does not hamper the creation of an empty image from blank
|
|
input media and does not discard an already loaded image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -in_charset character_set_name
|
|
@kindex -in_charset sets input character set
|
|
@cindex Character Set, for input, -in_charset
|
|
Set the character set from which to convert file names when loading an
|
|
image. This has eventually to be done before specifying -dev , -indev or
|
|
-rollback. See paragraph "Character sets" for more explanations.
|
|
When loading the written image after -commit the setting of -out_charset
|
|
will be copied to -in_charset.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -auto_charset "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -auto_charset learns character set from image
|
|
@cindex Character set, learn from image, -auto_charset
|
|
Enable or disable recording and interpretation of the output character
|
|
set name in an xattr attribute of the image root directory. If enabled then
|
|
an eventual recorded character set name gets used as input character set
|
|
when reading an image.
|
|
@*
|
|
Note that the default output charset is the local character set of the
|
|
terminal where xorriso runs. Before attributing this local character set
|
|
to the produced ISO image, check whether the terminal properly displays
|
|
all intended filenames, especially exotic national characters.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -hardlinks mode[:mode...]
|
|
@kindex -hardlinks controls handling of hard links
|
|
@cindex Hard links, control handling, -hardlinks
|
|
Enable or disable loading and recording of hardlink relations.
|
|
@*
|
|
In default mode "off", iso_rr files lose their inode numbers at image load
|
|
time. Each iso_rr file object which has no inode number at image generation
|
|
time will get a new unique inode number if -compliance is set to new_rr.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "on" preserves eventual inode numbers from the loaded image.
|
|
When committing a session it searches for families of iso_rr files
|
|
which stem from the same disk file, have identical content filtering and have
|
|
identical properties. The family members all get the same inode number.
|
|
Whether these numbers are respected at mount time depends on the operating
|
|
system.
|
|
@*
|
|
Commands -update and -update_r track splits and fusions of hard links in
|
|
filesystems which have stable device and inode numbers. This can cause
|
|
automatic last minute changes before the session gets written. Command
|
|
-hardlinks "perform_update" may be used to do these changes earlier,
|
|
e.g. if you need to apply filters to all updated files.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "without_update" avoids hardlink processing during update commands.
|
|
Use this if your filesystem situation does not allow -disk_dev_ino "on".
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso commands which extract files from an ISO image try to hardlink files
|
|
with identical inode number. The normal scope of this operation is from
|
|
image load to image load. One may give up the accumulated hard link addresses
|
|
by -hardlinks "discard_extract".
|
|
@*
|
|
A large number of hardlink families may exhaust -temp_mem_limit
|
|
if not -osirrox "sort_lba_on" and -hardlinks "cheap_sorted_extract"
|
|
are both in effect. This restricts hard linking to other files restored by
|
|
the same single extract command. -hardlinks "normal_extract" re-enables
|
|
wide and expensive hardlink accumulation.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c B00613 : disabled because implemented faulty from beginning:
|
|
@c Hardlink processing automatically enables @strong{-compliance new_rr}.
|
|
@c This may be overridden by a following -compliance old_rr . In this case
|
|
@c the resulting image will violate the RRIP-1.10 specs for entry PX in
|
|
@c the same way as mkisofs does.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -acl "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -acl controls handling of ACLs
|
|
@cindex ACL, control handling, -acl
|
|
Enable or disable processing of ACLs.
|
|
If enabled, then xorriso will obtain ACLs from disk file objects,
|
|
store ACLs in the ISO image using the libisofs specific AAIP format,
|
|
load AAIP data from ISO images, test ACL during file comparison,
|
|
and restore ACLs to disk files when extracting them from ISO images.
|
|
See also options -getfacl, -setfacl.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -xattr "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -xattr controls handling of xattr (EA)
|
|
@cindex xattr, control handling, -xattr
|
|
Enable or disable processing of xattr attributes in user namespace.
|
|
If enabled, then xorriso will handle xattr similar to ACL.
|
|
See also options -getfattr, -setfattr and above paragraph about xattr.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -md5 "on"|"all"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -md5 controls handling of MD5 sums
|
|
@cindex MD5, control handling, -md5
|
|
Enable or disable processing of MD5 checksums for the overall session and for
|
|
each single data file. If enabled then images get loaded only if eventual
|
|
checksums tags of superblock and directory tree match properly. The MD5
|
|
checksums of data files and whole session get loaded from the image if there
|
|
are any.
|
|
@*
|
|
With options -compare and -update the eventually recorded MD5 of a file
|
|
will be used to avoid content reading from the image. Only the disk file
|
|
content will be read and compared with that MD5. This can save much time
|
|
if -disk_dev_ino "on" is not suitable.
|
|
@*
|
|
At image generation time they are computed for each file which gets its data
|
|
written into the new session. The checksums of files which have their data
|
|
in older sessions get copied into the new session. Superblock, tree and whole
|
|
session get a checksum tag each.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "all" will additionally check during image generation whether the checksum
|
|
of a data file changed between the time when its reading began and the time
|
|
when it ended. This implies reading every file twice.
|
|
@*
|
|
Checksums can be exploited via options -check_md5, -check_md5_r, via find
|
|
actions get_md5, check_md5, and via -check_media.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -for_backup
|
|
@kindex -for_backup -acl,-xattr,-hardlinks,-md5
|
|
@cindex Backup, enable features, -for_backup
|
|
Enable all extra features which help to produce or to restore backups with
|
|
highest fidelity of file properties.
|
|
Currently this is a shortcut for: -hardlinks on -acl on -xattr on -md5 on.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -disk_dev_ino "on"|"ino_only"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -disk_dev_ino fast incremental backup
|
|
@cindex Backup, enable fast incremental, -disk_dev_ino
|
|
Enable or disable processing of recorded file identification numbers
|
|
(dev_t and ino_t). They are eventually stored as xattr and allow
|
|
to substantially accelerate file comparison. The root node gets a global start
|
|
timestamp. If during comparison a file with younger timestamps is found in the
|
|
ISO image, then it is suspected to have inconsistent content.
|
|
@*
|
|
If device numbers and inode numbers of the disk filesystems are persistent
|
|
and if no irregular alterations of timestamps or system clock happen,
|
|
then potential content changes can be detected without reading that content.
|
|
File content change is assumed if any of mtime, ctime, device number or inode
|
|
number have changed.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "ino_only" replaces the precondition that device numbers are stable by the
|
|
precondition that mount points in the compared tree always lead to the
|
|
same filesystems. Use this if mode "on" always sees all files changed.
|
|
@*
|
|
The speed advantage appears only if the loaded session was produced with
|
|
-disk_dev_ino "on" too.
|
|
@*
|
|
Note that -disk_dev_ino "off" is totally in effect only if -hardlinks is "off",
|
|
too.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -rom_toc_scan "on"|"force"|"off"[:"emul_on"|"emul_off"]
|
|
@kindex -rom_toc_scan searches for sessions
|
|
@cindex Table-of-content, search sessions, -rom_toc_scan
|
|
Read-only drives do not tell the actual media type but show any media as
|
|
ROM (e.g. as DVD-ROM). The session history of MMC multi-session media might
|
|
be truncated to first and last session or even be completely false.
|
|
(The eventual emulated history of overwriteable media is not affected by this.)
|
|
@*
|
|
To have in case of failure a chance of getting the session history and
|
|
especially the address of the last session, there is a scan for ISO 9660
|
|
filesystem headers which might help but also might yield worse results
|
|
than the drive's table of content. At its end it can cause read attempts
|
|
to invalid addresses and thus ugly drive behavior.
|
|
Setting "on" enables that scan for alleged read-only media.
|
|
@*
|
|
Some operating systems are not able to mount the most recent session of
|
|
multi-session DVD or BD. If on such a system xorriso has no own MMC
|
|
capabilities then it may still find that session from a scanned table of
|
|
content. Setting "force" handles any media like a ROM media with setting "on".
|
|
@*
|
|
On the other hand the emulation of session history on overwriteable media
|
|
can hamper reading of partly damaged media. Setting "off:emul_off" disables
|
|
the elsewise trustworthy table-of-content scan for those media.
|
|
@*
|
|
To be in effect, the -rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before the -*dev
|
|
command which aquires drive and media.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -calm_drive "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -calm_drive reduces drive activity
|
|
@cindex Drive, reduce activity, -calm_drive
|
|
Reduce drive noise until it is actually used again. Some drives stay alert
|
|
for substantial time after they have been used for reading. This reduces
|
|
the startup time for the next drive operation but can be loud and waste
|
|
energy if no i/o with the drive is expected to happen soon.
|
|
@*
|
|
Modes "in", "out", "all" immediately calm down -indev, -outdev, resp. both.
|
|
Mode "revoke" immediately alerts both.
|
|
Mode "on" causes -calm_drive to be performed automatically after each -dev,
|
|
-indev, and -outdev. Mode "off" disables this.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -ban_stdio_write
|
|
@kindex -ban_stdio_write demands real drive
|
|
@cindex Drive, demand real MMC, -ban_stdio_write
|
|
Allow for writing only the usage of MMC optical drives. Disallow
|
|
to write the result into files of nearly arbitrary type.
|
|
Once set, this command cannot be revoked.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Inserting files into ISO image:
|
|
@node Insert, SetInsert, Loading, Options
|
|
@section Inserting files into ISO image
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
The following commands expect file addresses of two kinds:
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@cindex disk_path, _definition
|
|
@strong{disk_path}
|
|
is a path to an object in the local filesystem tree.
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@cindex iso_rr_path, _definition
|
|
@strong{iso_rr_path}
|
|
is the Rock Ridge name of a file object in the ISO image. (Do not
|
|
confuse with the lowlevel ISO 9660 names visible if Rock Ridge gets ignored.)
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Note that in the ISO image you are as powerful as the superuser. Access
|
|
permissions of the existing files in the image do not apply to your write
|
|
operations. They are intended to be in effect with the read-only mounted image.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
If the iso_rr_path of a newly inserted file leads to an existing
|
|
file object in the ISO image, then the following collision handling
|
|
happens:
|
|
@*
|
|
If both objects are directories then they get merged by recursively inserting
|
|
the subobjects from filesystem into ISO image.
|
|
If other file types collide then the setting of command
|
|
@strong{-overwrite}
|
|
decides.
|
|
@*
|
|
Renaming of files has similar collision handling, but directories can only
|
|
be replaced, not merged. Note that -mv inserts the source objects into an
|
|
eventual existing target directory rather than attempting to replace it.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The commands in this section alter the ISO image and not the local filesystem.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -disk_pattern "on"|"ls"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -disk_pattern controls pattern expansion
|
|
@cindex Pattern expansion, for disk paths, -disk_pattern
|
|
Set the pattern expansion mode for the disk_path arguments of several
|
|
commands which support this feature.
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "off" disables this feature for all commands which are marked in this
|
|
man page by "disk_path [***]" or "disk_pattern [***]".
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "on" enables it for all those commands.
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "ls" enables it only for those which are marked by
|
|
"disk_pattern [***]".
|
|
@*
|
|
Default is "ls".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -add pathspec [...] | disk_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -add inserts one or more paths
|
|
@cindex Insert, pathspecs, -add
|
|
Insert the given files or directory trees from filesystem
|
|
into the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
If -pathspecs is set to "on" then pattern expansion is always disabled and
|
|
character '=' has a special meaning. It eventually separates the ISO image path
|
|
from the disk path:
|
|
@*
|
|
iso_rr_path=disk_path
|
|
@*
|
|
The separator '=' can be escaped by '\'.
|
|
If iso_rr_path does not begin with '/' then -cd is prepended.
|
|
If disk_path does not begin with '/' then -cdx is prepended.
|
|
@*
|
|
If no '=' is given then the word is used as both, iso_rr_path and disk path.
|
|
If in this case the word does not begin with '/' then -cdx is prepended to
|
|
the disk_path and -cd is prepended to the iso_rr_path.
|
|
@*
|
|
If -pathspecs is set to "off" then eventual -disk_pattern expansion applies.
|
|
The resulting words are used as both, iso_rr_path and disk path. Eventually
|
|
-cdx gets prepended to disk_path and -cd to iso_rr_path.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -add_plainly mode
|
|
@kindex -add_plainly inserts one or more paths
|
|
@cindex Insert, non-dashed arguments, -add_plainly
|
|
If set to mode "unknown" then any command word that does not begin with "-" and
|
|
is not recognized as known command will be subject to a virtual -add command.
|
|
I.e. it will be used as pathspec or as disk_path and added to the image.
|
|
Eventually -disk_pattern expansion applies to disk_paths.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "dashed" is similar to "unknown" but also adds unrecognized command
|
|
words even if they begin with "-".
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "any" announces that all further words are to be added as pathspecs
|
|
or disk_paths. This does not work in dialog mode.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "none" is the default. It prevents any words from being understood
|
|
as files to add, if they are not parameters to appropriate commands.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -path_list disk_path
|
|
@kindex -path_list inserts paths from disk file
|
|
@cindex Insert, paths from disk file, -path_list
|
|
Like -add but read the parameter words from file disk_path
|
|
or standard input if disk_path is "-".
|
|
The list must contain exactly one pathspec resp. disk_path pattern per line.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -quoted_path_list disk_path
|
|
@kindex -quoted_path_list inserts paths from disk file
|
|
@cindex Insert, paths from disk file, -quoted_path_list
|
|
Like -path_list but with quoted input reading rules. Lines get split into
|
|
parameter words for -add. Whitespace outside quotes is discarded.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -map disk_path iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -map inserts path
|
|
@cindex Insert, path, -map
|
|
Insert file object disk_path into the ISO image as iso_rr_path. If disk_path
|
|
is a directory then its whole sub tree is inserted into the ISO image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -map_single disk_path iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -map_single inserts path
|
|
@cindex Insert, path, -map_single
|
|
Like -map, but if disk_path is a directory then its sub tree is not inserted.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -map_l disk_prefix iso_rr_prefix disk_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -map_l inserts paths from disk file
|
|
@cindex Insert, paths from disk file, -map_l
|
|
Perform -map with each of the disk_path arguments. iso_rr_path will be
|
|
composed from disk_path by replacing disk_prefix by iso_rr_prefix.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -update disk_path iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -update inserts path if different
|
|
@cindex Insert, if different, -update
|
|
Compare file object disk_path with file object iso_rr_path. If they do not
|
|
match, then perform the necessary image manipulations to make iso_rr_path
|
|
a matching copy of disk_path. By default this comparison will imply lengthy
|
|
content reading before a decision is made. Options -disk_dev_ino or -md5 may
|
|
accelerate comparison if they were already in effect when the loaded session
|
|
was recorded.
|
|
@*
|
|
If disk_path is a directory and iso_rr_path does not exist yet, then the
|
|
whole subtree will be inserted. Else only directory attributes will be
|
|
updated.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -update_r disk_path iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -update_r inserts paths if different
|
|
@cindex Insert, if different, -update_r
|
|
Like -update but working recursively. I.e. all file objects below both
|
|
addresses get compared whether they have counterparts below the other address
|
|
and whether both counterparts match. If there is a mismatch then the necessary
|
|
update manipulation is done.
|
|
@*
|
|
Note that the comparison result may depend on option -follow. Its setting
|
|
should always be the same as with the first adding of disk_path as iso_rr_path.
|
|
@*
|
|
If iso_rr_path does not exist yet, then it gets added. If disk_path does not
|
|
exist, then iso_rr_path gets deleted.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -update_l disk_prefix iso_rr_prefix disk_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -update_l inserts paths if different
|
|
@cindex Insert, if different, -update_l
|
|
Perform -update_r with each of the disk_path arguments. iso_rr_path will be
|
|
composed from disk_path by replacing disk_prefix by iso_rr_prefix.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cut_out disk_path byte_offset byte_count iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -cut_out inserts piece of data file
|
|
@cindex Insert, piece of data file, -cut_out
|
|
Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in the ISO
|
|
image.
|
|
This may be necessary if the disk file is larger than a single media, or if
|
|
it exceeds the traditional limit of 2 GiB - 1 for old operating systems,
|
|
or the limit of 4 GiB - 1 for newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels
|
|
seem to read properly files >= 4 GiB - 1.
|
|
@*
|
|
A clumsy remedy for this limit is to backup file pieces and to concatenate
|
|
them at restore time. A well tested chopping size is 2047m.
|
|
It is permissible to request a higher byte_count than available. The
|
|
resulting file will be truncated to the correct size of a final piece.
|
|
To request a byte_offset higher than available yields no file in
|
|
the ISO image but a SORRY event.
|
|
E.g:
|
|
@*
|
|
-cut_out /my/disk/file 0 2047m \
|
|
@*
|
|
/file/part_1_of_3_at_0_with_2047m_of_5753194821 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-cut_out /my/disk/file 2047m 2047m \
|
|
@*
|
|
/file/part_2_of_3_at_2047m_with_2047m_of_5753194821 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-cut_out /my/disk/file 4094m 2047m \
|
|
@*
|
|
/file/part_3_of_3_at_4094m_with_2047m_of_5753194821
|
|
@*
|
|
While option -split_size is set larger than 0, and if all pieces of a file
|
|
reside in the same ISO directory with no other files, and if the names look
|
|
like above, then their ISO directory will be recognized and handled like a
|
|
regular file. This affects options -compare*, -update*, and overwrite
|
|
situations.
|
|
See option -split_size for details.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cpr disk_path [***] iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -cpr inserts like with cp -r
|
|
@cindex Insert, paths, -cpr
|
|
Insert the given files or directory trees from filesystem
|
|
into the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
The rules for generating the ISO addresses are similar as with
|
|
shell command cp -r. Nevertheless, directories of the iso_rr_path
|
|
are created if necessary. Especially a not yet existing iso_rr_path
|
|
will be handled as directory if multiple disk_paths are present.
|
|
The leafnames of the multiple disk_paths will be grafted under that
|
|
directory as would be done with an existing directory.
|
|
@*
|
|
If a single disk_path is present then a non-existing iso_rr_path will
|
|
get the same type as the disk_path.
|
|
@*
|
|
If a disk_path does not begin with '/' then -cdx is prepended.
|
|
If the iso_rr_path does not begin with '/' then -cd is prepended.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -mkdir iso_rr_path [...]
|
|
@kindex -mkdir creates ISO directory
|
|
@cindex Directory, create, -mkdir
|
|
Create empty directories if they do not exist yet.
|
|
Existence as directory generates a WARNING event, existence as
|
|
other file causes a FAILURE event.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Settings for file insertion:
|
|
@node SetInsert, Manip, Insert, Options
|
|
@section Settings for file insertion
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@item -file_size_limit value [value [...]] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -file_size_limit limits data file size
|
|
@cindex Insert, limit data file size, -file_size_limit
|
|
Set the maximum permissible size for a single data file. The values get
|
|
summed up for the actual limit. If the only value is "off" then the file
|
|
size is not limited by xorriso. Default is a limit of 100 extents, 4g -2k each:
|
|
@*
|
|
-file_size_limit 400g -200k @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
When mounting ISO 9660 filesystems, old operating systems can handle only files
|
|
up to 2g -1 @minus{}@minus{}. Newer ones are good up to 4g -1 @minus{}@minus{}.
|
|
You need quite a new Linux kernel to read correctly the final bytes
|
|
of a file >= 4g if its size is not aligned to 2048 byte blocks.
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso's own data read capabilities are not affected by eventual
|
|
operating system size limits. They apply to mounting only. Nevertheless,
|
|
the target filesystem of an -extract must be able to take the file size.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -not_mgt code[:code[...]]
|
|
@kindex -not_mgt controls file exclusion
|
|
@cindex Insert, file exclusion, -not_mgt
|
|
Control the behavior of the exclusion lists.
|
|
@*
|
|
Exclusion processing happens before disk_paths get mapped to the ISO image
|
|
and before disk files get compared with image files.
|
|
The absolute disk path of the source is matched against the -not_paths list.
|
|
The leafname of the disk path is matched against the patterns in the -not_leaf
|
|
list. If a match is detected then the disk path will not be regarded as an
|
|
existing file and not be added to the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
Several codes are defined.
|
|
The _on/_off settings persist until they are revoked by their_off/_on
|
|
counterparts.
|
|
@*
|
|
"erase" empties the lists which were accumulated by -not_paths and -not_leaf.
|
|
@*
|
|
"reset" is like "erase" but also re-installs default behavior.
|
|
@*
|
|
"off" disables exclusion processing temporarily without invalidating
|
|
the lists and settings.
|
|
@*
|
|
"on" re-enables exclusion processing.
|
|
@*
|
|
"param_off" applies exclusion processing only to paths below disk_path
|
|
parameter of commands. I.e. explicitly given disk_paths are exempted
|
|
from exclusion processing.
|
|
@*
|
|
"param_on" applies exclusion processing to command parameters as well as
|
|
to files below such parameters.
|
|
@*
|
|
"subtree_off" with "param_on" excludes parameter paths only if they
|
|
match a -not_paths item exactly.
|
|
@*
|
|
"subtree_on" additionally excludes parameter paths which lead to a file
|
|
address below any -not_paths item.
|
|
@*
|
|
"ignore_off" treats excluded disk files as if they were missing. I.e. they
|
|
get reported with -compare and deleted from the image with -update.
|
|
@*
|
|
"ignore_on" keeps excluded files out of -compare or -update activities.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -not_paths disk_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -not_paths sets absolute exclusion paths
|
|
@cindex Insert, file exclusion absolute, -not_paths
|
|
Add the given paths to the list of excluded absolute disk paths. If a given
|
|
path is relative, then the current -cdx is prepended to form an absolute path.
|
|
Eventual pattern matching happens at definition time and not when exclusion
|
|
checks are made.
|
|
@*
|
|
(Do not forget to end the list of disk_paths by "@minus{}@minus{}")
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -not_leaf pattern
|
|
@kindex -not_leaf sets exclusion pattern
|
|
@cindex Insert, file exclusion pattern, -not_leaf
|
|
Add a single shell parser style pattern to the list of exclusions for
|
|
disk leafnames. These patterns are evaluated when the exclusion checks are
|
|
made.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -not_list disk_path
|
|
@kindex -not_list sets exclusions from disk file
|
|
@cindex Insert, file exclusion from file, -not_list
|
|
Read lines from disk_path and use each of them either as -not_paths argument,
|
|
if they contain a / character, or as -not_leaf pattern.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -quoted_not_list disk_path
|
|
@kindex -quoted_not_list sets exclusions
|
|
@cindex Insert, file exclusion, -quoted_not_list
|
|
Like -not_list but with quoted input reading rules. Each word is
|
|
handled as one argument for -not_paths resp. -not_leaf.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -follow occasion[:occasion[...]]
|
|
@kindex -follow softlinks and mount points
|
|
@cindex Insert, links or mount points, -follow
|
|
Enable or disable resolution of symbolic links and mountpoints under
|
|
disk_paths. This applies to actions -add, -du*x, -ls*x, -findx,
|
|
and to -disk_pattern expansion.
|
|
@*
|
|
There are two kinds of follow decisison to be made:
|
|
@*
|
|
"link" is the hop from a symbolic link to its target file object.
|
|
If enabled then symbolic links are handled as their target file objects,
|
|
else symbolic links are handled as themselves.
|
|
@*
|
|
"mount" is the hop from one filesystem to another subordinate filesystem.
|
|
If enabled then mountpoint directories are handled as any other directory,
|
|
else mountpoints are handled as empty directories if they are encountered in
|
|
directory tree traversals.
|
|
@*
|
|
Less general than above occasions:
|
|
@*
|
|
"pattern" is mount and link hopping, but only during -disk_pattern expansion.
|
|
@*
|
|
"param" is link hopping for parameter words (after eventual pattern expansion).
|
|
If enabled then -ls*x will show the link targets rather than the links
|
|
themselves. -du*x, -findx, and -add will process the link targets but not
|
|
follow links in an eventual directory tree below the targets (unless "link"
|
|
is enabled).
|
|
@*
|
|
Occasions can be combined in a colon separated list. All occasions
|
|
mentioned in the list will then lead to a positive follow decision.
|
|
@*
|
|
"off" prevents any positive follow decision. Use it if no other occasion
|
|
applies.
|
|
@*
|
|
Shortcuts:
|
|
@*
|
|
"default" is equivalent to "pattern:mount:limit=100".
|
|
@*
|
|
"on" always decides positive. Equivalent to "link:mount".
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
Not an occasion but an optional setting is:
|
|
@*
|
|
"limit="<number> which sets the maximum number of link hops.
|
|
A link hop consists of a sequence of symbolic links and a final target
|
|
of different type. Nevertheless those hops can loop. Example:
|
|
@*
|
|
$ ln -s .. uploop
|
|
@*
|
|
Link hopping has a built-in loop detection which stops hopping at the first
|
|
repetition of a link target. Then the repeated link is handled as itself
|
|
and not as its target.
|
|
Regrettably one can construct link networks which
|
|
cause exponential workload before their loops get detected.
|
|
The number given with "limit=" can curb this workload at the risk of truncating
|
|
an intentional sequence of link hops.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -pathspecs "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -pathspecs sets meaning of = with -add
|
|
@cindex Insert, meaning of = with -add, -pathspecs
|
|
Control parameter interpretation with xorriso actions -add and -path_list.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex Pathspec, _definition
|
|
"on" enables pathspecs of the form
|
|
@strong{target=source}
|
|
like with program mkisofs -graft-points.
|
|
It also disables -disk_pattern expansion for command -add.
|
|
@*
|
|
"off" disables pathspecs of the form target=source
|
|
and eventually enables -disk_pattern expansion.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -overwrite "on"|"nondir"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -overwrite enables overwriting in ISO
|
|
@cindex Insert, enable overwriting, -overwrite
|
|
Allow or disallow to overwrite existing files in the
|
|
ISO image by files with the same name.
|
|
@*
|
|
With setting "off", name collisions cause FAILURE events.
|
|
With setting "nondir", only directories are protected by such events, other
|
|
existing file types get treated with -rm before the new file gets added.
|
|
Setting "on" allows automatic -rm_r. I.e. a non-directory can replace an
|
|
existing directory and all its subordinates.
|
|
@*
|
|
If restoring of files is enabled, then the overwrite rule applies to the
|
|
target file objects on disk as well, but "on" is downgraded to "nondir".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -split_size number["k"|"m"]
|
|
@kindex -split_size enables large file splitting
|
|
@cindex Insert, large file splitting, -split_size
|
|
Set the threshold for automatic splitting of regular files. Such splitting
|
|
maps a large disk file onto a ISO directory with several part files in it.
|
|
This is necessary if the size of the disk file exceeds -file_size_limit.
|
|
Older operating systems can handle files in mounted ISO 9660 filesystems
|
|
only if they are smaller than 2 GiB resp. 4 GiB.
|
|
@*
|
|
Default is 0 which will exclude files larger than -file_size_limit by a
|
|
FAILURE event.
|
|
A well tested -split_size is 2047m. Sizes above -file_size_limit are not
|
|
permissible.
|
|
@*
|
|
While option -split_size is set larger than 0 such a directory with split
|
|
file pieces will be recognized and handled like a regular file by options
|
|
-compare* , -update*, and in overwrite situations. There are -ossirox
|
|
options "concat_split_on" and "concat_split_off" which control the handling
|
|
when files get restored to disk.
|
|
@*
|
|
In order to be recognizable, the names of the part files have to
|
|
describe the splitting by 5 numbers:
|
|
@*
|
|
part_number,total_parts,byte_offset,byte_count,disk_file_size
|
|
@*
|
|
which are embedded in the following text form:
|
|
@*
|
|
part_#_of_#_at_#_with_#_of_#
|
|
@*
|
|
Scaling characters like "m" or "k" are taken into respect.
|
|
All digits are interpreted as decimal, even if leading zeros are present.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g: /file/part_1_of_3_at_0_with_2047m_of_5753194821
|
|
@*
|
|
No other files are allowed in the directory. All parts have to be present and
|
|
their numbers have to be plausible. E.g. byte_count must be valid as -cut_out
|
|
argument and their contents may not overlap.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B File manipulations:
|
|
@node Manip, CmdFind, SetInsert, Options
|
|
@section File manipulations
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
The following commands manipulate files in the ISO image, regardless whether
|
|
they stem from the loaded image or were newly inserted.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -iso_rr_pattern "on"|"ls"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -iso_rr_pattern controls pattern expansion
|
|
@cindex Pattern expansion, for ISO paths, -iso_rr_pattern
|
|
Set the pattern expansion mode for the iso_rr_path arguments of several
|
|
commands which support this feature.
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "off" disables pattern expansion for all commands which are marked
|
|
in this man page by "iso_rr_path [***]" or "iso_rr_pattern [***]".
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "on" enables it for all those commands.
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "ls" enables it only for those which are marked by
|
|
"iso_rr_pattern [***]".
|
|
@*
|
|
Default is "on".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -rm iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -rm deletes files from ISO image
|
|
@cindex Delete, from ISO image, -rm
|
|
Delete the given files from the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
Note: This does not free any space on the -indev media, even if
|
|
the deletion is committed to that same media.
|
|
@*
|
|
The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different
|
|
media in modification mode.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -rm_r iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -rm_r deletes trees from ISO image
|
|
@cindex Delete, from ISO image, -rm_r
|
|
Delete the given files or directory trees from the ISO image.
|
|
See also the note with option -rm.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -rmdir iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -rmdir deletes ISO directory
|
|
@cindex Delete, ISO directory, -rmdir
|
|
@cindex Directory, delete, -rmdir
|
|
Delete empty directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -mv iso_rr_path [***] iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -mv renames file in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Rename, in ISO image, -mv
|
|
Rename the given file objects in the ISO tree to the last
|
|
argument in the list. Use the same rules as with shell command mv.
|
|
@*
|
|
If pattern expansion is enabled and if the last argument contains wildcard
|
|
characters then it must match exactly one existing file address, or else the
|
|
command fails with a FAILURE event.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -chown uid iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -chown sets ownership in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Ownership, in ISO image, -chown
|
|
Set ownership of file objects in the ISO image. uid may either be a decimal
|
|
number or the name of a user known to the operating system.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -chown_r uid iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -chown_r sets ownership in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Ownership, in ISO image, -chown_r
|
|
Like -chown but affecting all files below eventual directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -chgrp gid iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -chgrp sets group in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Group, in ISO image, -chgrp
|
|
Set group attribute of file objects in the ISO image. gid may either be a
|
|
decimal number or the name of a group known to the operating system.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -chgrp_r gid iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -chgrp_r sets group in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Group, in ISO image, -chgrp_r
|
|
Like -chgrp but affecting all files below eventual directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -chmod mode iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -chmod sets permissions in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Permissions, in ISO image, -chmod
|
|
Equivalent to shell command chmod in the ISO image.
|
|
mode is either an octal number beginning with "0" or a comma separated
|
|
list of statements of the form [ugoa]*[+-=][rwxst]* .
|
|
@*
|
|
Like: go-rwx,u+rwx .
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{Personalities}:
|
|
u=user, g=group, o=others, a=all
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{Operators}:
|
|
+ adds given permissions, - revokes given permissions,
|
|
= revokes all old permissions and then adds the given ones.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{Permissions}:
|
|
r=read, w=write, x=execute|inspect, s=setuid|setgid, t=sticky bit
|
|
@*
|
|
For octal numbers see man 2 stat.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -chmod_r mode iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -chmod_r sets permissions in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Permissions, in ISO image, -chmod_r
|
|
Like -chmod but affecting all files below eventual directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -setfacl acl_text iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -setfacl sets ACL in ISO image
|
|
@cindex ACL, set in ISO image, -setfacl
|
|
Attach the given ACL to the given iso_rr_paths after deleting their eventually
|
|
existing ACLs.
|
|
If acl_text is empty, or contains the text "clear" or the text
|
|
"@minus{}@minus{}remove-all",
|
|
then the existing ACLs will be removed and no new ones will be
|
|
attached. Any other content of acl_text will be interpreted as a list of
|
|
ACL entries. It may be in the long multi-line format as put out by -getfacl
|
|
but may also be abbreviated as follows:
|
|
@*
|
|
ACL entries are separated by comma or newline. If an entry is empty text or
|
|
begins with "#" then it will be ignored. A valid entry has to begin
|
|
by a letter out of @{ugom@} for "user", "group", "other", "mask". It has to
|
|
contain two colons ":". A non-empty text between those ":" gives a user id
|
|
resp. group id. After the second ":" there may be letters out of @{rwx- #@}.
|
|
The first three give read, write resp. execute permission.
|
|
Letters "-", " " and TAB are ignored. "#" causes the rest of the entry to
|
|
be ignored. Letter "X" or any other letters are not supported. Examples:
|
|
@*
|
|
g:toolies:rw,u:lisa:rw,u:1001:rw,u::wr,g::r,o::r,m::rw
|
|
@*
|
|
group:toolies:rw@minus{},user::rw@minus{},group::r@minus{}@minus{},other::r@minus{}@minus{},mask::rw@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
A valid entry may be prefixed by "d", some following characters and ":".
|
|
This indicates that the entry goes to the "default" ACL rather than to the
|
|
"access" ACL. Example:
|
|
@*
|
|
u::rwx,g::rx,o::,d:u::rwx,d:g::rx,d:o::,d:u:lisa:rwx,d:m::rwx
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -setfacl_r acl_text iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -setfacl_r sets ACL in ISO image
|
|
@cindex ACL, set in ISO image, -setfacl_r
|
|
Like -setfacl but affecting all files below eventual directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -setfacl_list disk_path
|
|
@kindex -setfacl_list sets ACL in ISO image
|
|
@cindex ACL, set in ISO image, -setfacl_list
|
|
Read the output of -getfacl_r or shell command getfacl -R and apply it to the
|
|
iso_rr_paths as given in lines beginning with "# file:". This will change
|
|
ownership, group and ACL of the given files.
|
|
If disk_path is "-" then lines are read from standard input. Line "@@" ends the
|
|
list, "@@@@@@" aborts without changing the pending iso_rr_path.
|
|
@*
|
|
Since -getfacl and getfacl -R strip leading "/" from file paths, the setting of
|
|
-cd does always matter.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -setfattr [-]name value iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -setfattr sets xattr in ISO image
|
|
@cindex xattr, set in ISO image, -setfattr
|
|
Attach the given xattr pair of name and value to the given iso_rr_paths.
|
|
If the given name is prefixed by "-", then the pair with that name gets
|
|
removed from the xattr list. If name is "@minus{}@minus{}remove@minus{}all"
|
|
then all user namespace
|
|
xattr of the given iso_rr_paths get deleted. In case of deletion, value must
|
|
be an empty text.
|
|
@*
|
|
Only names from the user namespace are allowed. I.e. a name has to begin with
|
|
"user.", like "user.x" or "user.whatever".
|
|
@*
|
|
Values and names undergo the normal input processing of xorriso.
|
|
See also option -backslash_codes. Other than with option -setfattr_list,
|
|
the byte value 0 cannot be expressed via -setfattr.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -setfattr_r [-]name value iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -setfattr_r sets xattr in ISO image
|
|
@cindex xattr, set in ISO image, -setfattr_r
|
|
Like -setfattr but affecting all files below eventual directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -setfattr_list disk_path
|
|
@kindex -setfattr_list sets xattr in ISO image
|
|
@cindex xattr, set in ISO image, -setfattr_list
|
|
Read the output of -getfattr_r or shell command getfattr -Rd and apply it to
|
|
the iso_rr_paths as given in lines beginning with "# file:". All previously
|
|
existing user space xattr of the given iso_rr_paths will be deleted.
|
|
If disk_path is "-" then lines are read from standard input.
|
|
@*
|
|
Since -getfattr and getfattr -Rd strip leading "/" from file paths, the setting
|
|
of -cd does always matter.
|
|
@*
|
|
Empty input lines and lines which begin by "#" will be ignored
|
|
(except "# file:"). Line "@@" ends the list, "@@@@@@" aborts without changing
|
|
the pending iso_rr_path. Other input lines must have the form
|
|
@*
|
|
name="value"
|
|
@*
|
|
Name must be from user namespace. I.e. user.xyz where xyz should consist of
|
|
printable characters only. The separator "=" is not allowed in names.
|
|
Value may contain any kind of bytes. It must be in quotes. Trailing
|
|
whitespace after the end quote will be ignored. Non-printables bytes and quotes
|
|
must be represented as \XYZ by their octal ASCII code XYZ.
|
|
Use code \000 for 0-bytes.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -alter_date type timestring iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -alter_date sets timestamps in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Timestamps, set in ISO image, -alter_date
|
|
Alter the date entries of a file in the ISO image. type is
|
|
one of "a", "m", "b" for access time, modification time,
|
|
both times.
|
|
@*
|
|
timestring may be in the following formats
|
|
(see also section EXAMPLES):
|
|
@*
|
|
As expected by program date:
|
|
MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
|
|
@*
|
|
As produced by program date:
|
|
@*
|
|
[Day] MMM DD hh:mm:ss [TZON] YYYY
|
|
@*
|
|
Relative times counted from current clock time:
|
|
@*
|
|
+|-Number["s"|"h"|"d"|"w"|"m"|"y"]
|
|
@*
|
|
where "s" means seconds, "h" hours, "d" days, "w" weeks, "m"=30d,
|
|
"y"=365.25d plus 1d added to multiplication result.
|
|
@*
|
|
Absolute seconds counted from Jan 1 1970:
|
|
@*
|
|
=Number
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso's own timestamps:
|
|
@*
|
|
YYYY.MM.DD[.hh[mm[ss]]]
|
|
@*
|
|
scdbackup timestamps:
|
|
@*
|
|
YYMMDD[.hhmm[ss]]
|
|
@*
|
|
where "A0" is year 2000, "B0" is 2010, etc.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -alter_date_r type timestring iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -alter_date_r sets timestamps in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Timestamps, set in ISO image, -alter_date_r
|
|
Like -alter_date but affecting all files below eventual directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -hide hide_state iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -hide excludes file names from directory trees
|
|
@cindex hidden, set in ISO image, -hide
|
|
Prevent the names of the given files from showing up in the directory trees
|
|
of ISO 9660 and/or Joliet when the image gets written.
|
|
The eventual data content of such hidden files will be included in the
|
|
resulting image, even if they do not show up in any directory.
|
|
But you will need own means to find nameless data in the image.
|
|
@*
|
|
Warning: Data which are hidden from the ISO 9660 tree will not be copied
|
|
by the write method of modifying.
|
|
@*
|
|
Possible values of hide_state are: "iso_rr" for hiding from ISO 9660 tree,
|
|
"joliet" for Joliet tree, "on" for both trees. "off" means visibility in
|
|
both directory trees.
|
|
@*
|
|
This command does not apply to the boot catalog.
|
|
Rather use: -boot_image "any" "cat_hidden=on"
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Tree traversal command -find:
|
|
@node CmdFind, Filter, Manip, Options
|
|
@section Tree traversal command -find
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -find iso_rr_path [test [op] [test ...]] [-exec action [params]] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -find traverses and alters ISO tree
|
|
@cindex Tree, ISO, traverse and alter, -find
|
|
A restricted substitute for shell command find in the ISO image.
|
|
It performs an action on matching file objects at or below iso_rr_path.
|
|
@*
|
|
If not used as last command in the line then the argument list
|
|
needs to get terminated by "@minus{}@minus{}".
|
|
@*
|
|
Tests are optional. If they are omitted then action is applied to all file
|
|
objects. If tests are given then they form together an expression.
|
|
The action is applied only if the expression matches the file object. Default
|
|
expression operator between tests is -and, i.e. the expression matches only
|
|
if all its tests match.
|
|
@*
|
|
Available tests are:
|
|
@*
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@item -name pattern :
|
|
Matches if pattern matches the file leaf name.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -wholename pattern :
|
|
Matches if pattern matches the file path as it would be printed by action
|
|
"echo". Character '/' is not special but can be matched by wildcards.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -disk_name pattern :
|
|
Like -name but testing the leaf name of the file source on disk.
|
|
Can be true only for data files which stem not from the loaded image.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -type type_letter :
|
|
Matches files of the given type:
|
|
"block", "char", "dir", "pipe", "file", "link", "socket", "eltorito",
|
|
"Xotic" which eventually matches what is not matched by the other types.
|
|
@*
|
|
Only the first letter is interpreted. E.g.: -find / -type d
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -damaged :
|
|
Matches files which use data blocks marked as damaged by a previous
|
|
run of -check_media. The damage info vanishes when a new ISO image gets
|
|
loaded.
|
|
@*
|
|
Note that a MD5 session mismatch marks all files of the session as damaged.
|
|
If finer distinction is desired, perform -md5 off before -check_media.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -pending_data :
|
|
Matches files which get their content from outside the loaded ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -lba_range start_lba block_count :
|
|
Matches files which use data blocks within the range of start_lba
|
|
and start_lba+block_count-1.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -has_acl :
|
|
Matches files which have a non-trivial ACL.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -has_xattr :
|
|
Matches files which have xattr name-value pairs from user namespace.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -has_aaip :
|
|
Matches files which have ACL or any xattr.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -has_any_xattr :
|
|
Matches files which have any xattr other than ACL.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -has_md5 :
|
|
Matches data files which have MD5 checksums.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -has_filter :
|
|
Matches files which are filtered by -set_filter.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -hidden hide_state :
|
|
Matches files which are hidden in "iso_rr" tree, in "joliet" tree,
|
|
in both trees ("on"), or not hidden in any tree ("off").
|
|
Those which are hidden in some tree match -not -hidden "off".
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -prune :
|
|
If this test is reached and the tested file is a directory then -find will not
|
|
dive into that directory. This test itself does always match.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -decision "yes"|"no" :
|
|
If this test is reached then the evaluation ends immediately and action
|
|
is performed if the decision is "yes" or "true". See operator -if.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man \fB\-true\fR and \fB\-false\fR :
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item -true and -false :
|
|
Always match resp. match not. Evaluation goes on.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -sort_lba :
|
|
Always match. This causes -find to perform its action in a sequence sorted by
|
|
the ISO image block addresses of the files. It may improve throughput with
|
|
actions which read data from optical drives. Action will always get the
|
|
absolute path as parameter.
|
|
@*
|
|
Available operators are:
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -not :
|
|
Matches if the next test or sub expression does not match.
|
|
Several tests do this specifically:
|
|
@*
|
|
-undamaged, -lba_range with negative start_lba, -has_no_acl, -has_no_xattr,
|
|
-has_no_aaip, -has_no_filter .
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -and :
|
|
Matches if both neighboring tests or expressions match.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item -or :
|
|
Matches if at least one of both neighboring tests or expressions matches.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man \fB\-sub\fR ... \fB\-subend\fR or \fB(\fR ... \fB)\fR :
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item -sub ... -subend or ( ... ) :
|
|
Enclose a sub expression which gets evaluated first before it
|
|
is processed by neighboring operators.
|
|
Normal precedence is: -not, -or , -and.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man \fB\-if\fR ... \fB\-then\fR\ ... \fB\-elseif\fR ... \fB\-then\fR ...
|
|
@c man \fB\-else\fR ... \fB\-endif\fR :
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item -if ... -then\ ... -elseif ... -then ... -else ... -endif :
|
|
Enclose one or more sub expressions. If the -if expression matches, then
|
|
the -then expression is evaluated as the result of the whole expression
|
|
up to -endif. Else the next -elseif expression is evaluated and eventually
|
|
its -then expression. Finally in case of no match, the -else expression
|
|
is evaluated.
|
|
There may be more than one -elseif. Neither -else nor -elseif are mandatory.
|
|
If -else is missing and would be hit, then the result is a non-match.
|
|
@*
|
|
-if-expressions are the main use case for above test -decision.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
Default action is @strong{echo},
|
|
i.e. to print the address of the found file. Other actions are certain
|
|
xorriso commands which get performed on the found files. These commands
|
|
may have specific parameters. See also their particular descriptions.
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man \fBchown\fR and \fBchown_r\fR
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item chown and chown_r
|
|
change the ownership and get the user id
|
|
as parameter. E.g.: -exec chown thomas @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man \fBchgrp\fR and \fBchgrp_r\fR
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item chgrp and Bchgrp_r
|
|
change the group attribute and get the group id
|
|
as parameter. E.g.: -exec chgrp_r staff @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man \fBchmod\fR and \fBchmod_r\fR
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item chmod and chmod_r
|
|
change access permissions and get a mode string
|
|
as parameter. E.g.: -exec chmod a-w,a+r @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man \fBalter_date\fR and \fBalter_date_r\fR
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines 1
|
|
@item Balter_date and Balter_date_r
|
|
change the timestamps. They get a type
|
|
character and a timestring as parameters.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -exec alter_date "m" "Dec 30 19:34:12 2007" @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item lsdl
|
|
prints file information like shell command ls -dl.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item compare
|
|
performs command -compare with the found file address as
|
|
iso_rr_path and the corresponding file address below its argument
|
|
disk_path_start. For this the iso_rr_path of the -find command gets
|
|
replaced by the disk_path_start.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -find /thomas -exec compare /home/thomas @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item update
|
|
performs command -update with the found file address as
|
|
iso_rr_path. The corresponding file address is determined like with above
|
|
action "compare".
|
|
@*
|
|
@item rm
|
|
removes the found iso_rr_path from the image if it is not a directory
|
|
with files in it. I.e. this "rm" includes "rmdir".
|
|
@*
|
|
@item rm_r
|
|
removes the found iso_rr_path from the image, including whole
|
|
directory trees.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item report_damage
|
|
classifies files whether they hit a data block that is
|
|
marked as damaged. The result is printed together with the eventual address
|
|
of the first damaged byte, the maximum span of damages, file size, and the
|
|
path of the file.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item report_lba
|
|
prints files which are associated to image data blocks.
|
|
It tells the logical block address, the block number, the byte size,
|
|
and the path of each file. There may be reported more than one
|
|
line per file if the file is very large. In this case each line has a
|
|
different extent number in column "xt".
|
|
@*
|
|
@item getfacl
|
|
prints access permissions in ACL text form to the result channel.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item setfacl
|
|
attaches ACLs after removing eventually exiting ones. The new
|
|
ACL is given in text form as defined with option -setfacl.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -exec setfacl u:lisa:rw,u::rw,g::r,o::@minus{},m::rw @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item getfattr
|
|
prints eventual xattr name-value pairs from user namespace
|
|
to the result channel.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item get_any_xattr
|
|
prints eventual xattr name-value pairs from any namespace
|
|
except ACL to the result channel. This is mostly for debugging of
|
|
namespace "isofs".
|
|
@*
|
|
@item get_md5
|
|
prints eventual recorded MD5 sum together with file path.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item check_md5
|
|
compares eventual recorded MD5 sum with the file content
|
|
and reports if mismatch.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -find / -not -pending_data -exec check_md5 FAILURE @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item make_md5
|
|
equips a data file with an MD5 sum of its content. Useful to
|
|
upgrade the files in the loaded image to full MD5 coverage by the next
|
|
commit with -md5 "on".
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -find / -type f -not -has_md5 -exec make_md5 @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item setfattr
|
|
sets or deletes xattr name value pairs.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -find / -has_xattr -exec setfattr @minus{}@minus{}remove-all '' @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item set_filter
|
|
applies or removes filters.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -exec set_filter @minus{}@minus{}zisofs @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item mkisofs_r
|
|
applies the rules of mkisofs -r to the file object:
|
|
@*
|
|
user id and group id become 0, all r-permissions get granted, all w denied.
|
|
If there is any x-permission, then all three x get granted.
|
|
s- and t-bits get removed.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item sort_weight
|
|
attributes a LBA weight number to regular files.
|
|
@*
|
|
The number may range from -2147483648 to 2147483647. The higher it is, the
|
|
lower will be the block address of the file data in the emerging ISO image.
|
|
Currently the boot catalog has a hardcoded weight of 1 billion.
|
|
Normally it should occupy the block with the lowest possible address.
|
|
Data files get added or loaded with initial weight 0.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -exec sort_weight 3 @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item show_stream
|
|
shows the content stream chain of a data file.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item hide
|
|
brings the file into one of the hide states "on", "iso_rr", "joliet", "off".
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.:
|
|
@*
|
|
-find / -disk_name *_secret -exec hide on
|
|
@*
|
|
@item estimate_size
|
|
prints a lower and an upper estimation of the number of blocks which the
|
|
found files together will occupy in the emerging ISO image.
|
|
This does not account for the superblock,
|
|
for the directories in the -find path, or for image padding.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item find
|
|
performs another run of -find on the matching file address.
|
|
It accepts the same params as -find, except iso_rr_path.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.:
|
|
@*
|
|
-find / -name '???' -type d -exec find -name '[abc]*' -exec chmod a-w,a+r @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@end table
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Filters for data file content:
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@node Filter, Writing, CmdFind, Options
|
|
@section Filters for data file content
|
|
@cindex Filter, _definition
|
|
@strong{Filters} may be installed between data files in the ISO image and their
|
|
content source outside the image. They may also be used vice versa between
|
|
data content in the image and target files on disk.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Built-in filters are "@minus{}@minus{}zisofs" and
|
|
"@minus{}@minus{}zisofs-decode". The former is to be
|
|
applied via -set_filter, the latter is automatically applied if zisofs
|
|
compressed content is detected with a file when loading the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
Another built-in filter pair is "@minus{}@minus{}gzip"
|
|
and "@minus{}@minus{}gunzip" with suffix ".gz".
|
|
They behave about like external gzip and gunzip but avoid forking a process
|
|
for each single file. So they are much faster if there are many small files.
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -external_filter name option[:option] program_path [arguments] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -external_filter registers data filter
|
|
@cindex Filter, register, -external_filter
|
|
Register a content filter by associating a name with a program path,
|
|
program arguments, and some behavioral options. Once registered it can be
|
|
applied to multiple data files in the ISO image, regardless whether their
|
|
content resides in the loaded ISO image or in the local filesystem.
|
|
External filter processes may produce synthetic file content by reading the
|
|
original content from stdin and writing to stdout whatever they want.
|
|
They must deliver the same output on the same input in repeated runs.
|
|
@*
|
|
Options are:
|
|
@*
|
|
"default" means that no other option is intended.
|
|
@*
|
|
"suffix=..." sets a file name suffix. If it is not empty then it will be
|
|
appended to the file name or removed from it.
|
|
@*
|
|
"remove_suffix" will remove an eventual file name suffix
|
|
rather than appending it.
|
|
@*
|
|
"if_nonempty" will leave 0-sized files unfiltered.
|
|
@*
|
|
"if_reduction" will try filtering and revoke it if the content size does not
|
|
shrink.
|
|
@*
|
|
"if_block_reduction" will revoke if the number of 2 kB blocks does not shrink.
|
|
@*
|
|
"used=..." is ignored. Command -status shows it with the number of
|
|
files which currently have the filter applied.
|
|
@*
|
|
Examples:
|
|
@*
|
|
-external_filter bzip2 suffix=.bz2:if_block_reduction \
|
|
@*
|
|
/usr/bin/bzip2 @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
-external_filter bunzip2 suffix=.bz2:remove_suffix \
|
|
@*
|
|
/usr/bin/bunzip2 @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -unregister_filter name
|
|
@kindex -external_filter unregisters data filter
|
|
@cindex Filter, unregister, -unregister_filter
|
|
Remove an -external_filter registration. This is only possible if the filter
|
|
is not applied to any file in the ISO image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -close_filter_list
|
|
@kindex -close_filter_list bans filter registration
|
|
@cindex Filter, ban registration, -close_filter_list
|
|
Irrevocably ban commands -external_filter and -unregister_filter,
|
|
but not -set_filter. Use this to prevent external filtering in general or
|
|
when all intended filters are registered.
|
|
External filters may also be banned totally at compile time of xorriso.
|
|
By default they are banned if xorriso runs under setuid permission.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -set_filter name iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -set_filter applies filter to file
|
|
@cindex Filter, apply to file, -set_filter
|
|
Apply an -external_filter or a built-in filter to the given data files in the
|
|
ISO image.
|
|
If the filter suffix is not empty , then it will be applied to the file name.
|
|
Renaming only happens if the filter really gets attached and is not revoked by
|
|
its options.
|
|
By default files which already bear the suffix will not get filtered. The
|
|
others will get the suffix appended to their names.
|
|
If the filter has option "remove_suffix", then the filter will only be
|
|
applied if the suffix is present and can be removed.
|
|
Name oversize or collision caused by suffix change will prevent filtering.
|
|
@*
|
|
With most filter types this command will immediately run the filter once for
|
|
each file in order to determine the output size.
|
|
Content reading operations like -extract , -compare and image generation will
|
|
perform further filter runs and deliver filtered content.
|
|
@*
|
|
At image generation time the filter output must still be the same as the
|
|
output from the first run. Filtering for image generation does not happen
|
|
with files from the loaded ISO image if the write method of growing is in
|
|
effect (i.e -indev and -outdev are identical).
|
|
@*
|
|
The reserved filter name "@minus{}@minus{}remove-all-filters" revokes
|
|
filtering. This will revoke eventual suffix renamings as well.
|
|
Use "@minus{}@minus{}remove-all-filters+" to
|
|
prevent any suffix renaming.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -set_filter_r name iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -set_filter_r applies filter to file tree
|
|
@cindex Filter, apply to file tree, -set_filter_r
|
|
Like -set_filter but affecting all data files below eventual directories.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Writing the result, drive control:
|
|
@node Writing, SetWrite, Filter, Options
|
|
@section Writing the result, drive control
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
(see also paragraph about settings below)
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -rollback
|
|
@kindex -rollback discards pending changes
|
|
@cindex Image, discard pending changes, -rollback
|
|
Discard the manipulated ISO image and reload it from -indev.
|
|
(Use -rollback_end if immediate program end is desired.)
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -commit
|
|
@kindex -commit writes pending ISO image
|
|
@cindex Write, pending ISO image, -commit
|
|
Perform the write operation. Afterwards eventually make the
|
|
-outdev the new -dev and load the image from there.
|
|
Switch to growing mode.
|
|
(A subsequent -outdev will activate modification mode or blind growing.)
|
|
-commit is performed automatically at end of program if there
|
|
are uncommitted manipulations pending.
|
|
@*
|
|
So, to perform a final write operation with no new -dev
|
|
and no new loading of image, rather execute option -end.
|
|
If you want to go on without image loading, execute -commit_eject "none".
|
|
To eject after write without image loading, use -commit_eject "all".
|
|
@*
|
|
To suppress a final write, execute -rollback_end.
|
|
@*
|
|
|
|
Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several
|
|
types of media that there is no progress visible for the first
|
|
few minutes or that the drive gnaws on the media for a few
|
|
minutes after all data have been transmitted.
|
|
xorriso and the drives are in a client-server relationship.
|
|
The drives have much freedom about what to do with the media.
|
|
Some combinations of drives and media simply do not work,
|
|
despite the promises by their vendors.
|
|
If writing fails then try other media or another drive. The reason
|
|
for such failure is hardly ever in the code of the various
|
|
burn programs but you may well try some of those listed below
|
|
under SEE ALSO.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -eject "in"|"out"|"all"
|
|
@kindex -eject ejects drive tray
|
|
@cindex Drive, eject tray, -eject
|
|
Eject the media in -indev, resp. -outdev, resp. both drives.
|
|
Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -commit_eject "in"|"out"|"all"|"none"
|
|
@kindex -commit_eject writes and ejects
|
|
@cindex Drive, write and eject, -commit_eject
|
|
Combined -commit and -eject. When writing has finished do not make
|
|
-outdev the new -dev, and load no ISO image. Rather eject
|
|
-indev and/or -outdev. Eventually give up any non-ejected drive.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -blank mode
|
|
@kindex -blank erases media
|
|
@cindex Media, erase, -blank
|
|
Make media ready for writing from scratch (if not -dummy is activated).
|
|
@*
|
|
This affects only the -outdev not the -indev.
|
|
If both drives are the same and if the ISO image was altered
|
|
then this command leads to a FAILURE event.
|
|
Defined modes are:
|
|
as_needed, fast, all, deformat, deformat_quickest
|
|
@*
|
|
"as_needed" cares for used CD-RW, DVD-RW and for used overwriteable media
|
|
by applying -blank "fast". It applies -format "full" to yet unformatted
|
|
DVD-RAM and BD-RE. Other media in blank state are gracefully ignored.
|
|
Media which cannot be made ready for writing from scratch cause a FAILURE
|
|
event.
|
|
@*
|
|
"fast" makes CD-RW and unformatted DVD-RW re-usable, or invalidates
|
|
overwriteable ISO images. "all" might work more thoroughly and need more time.
|
|
@*
|
|
"deformat" converts overwriteable DVD-RW into unformatted ones.
|
|
@*
|
|
"deformat_quickest" is a faster way to deformat or blank DVD-RW
|
|
but produces media which are only suitable for a single session.
|
|
xorriso will write onto them only if option -close is set to "on".
|
|
@*
|
|
The progress reports issued by some drives while blanking are
|
|
quite unrealistic. Do not conclude success or failure from the
|
|
reported percentages. Blanking was successful if no SORRY event or
|
|
worse occured.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -format mode
|
|
@kindex -format formats media
|
|
@cindex Media, format, -format
|
|
Convert unformatted DVD-RW into overwriteable ones, "de-ice" DVD+RW, format
|
|
newly purchased BD-RE or BD-R, re-format DVD-RAM or BD-RE.
|
|
@*
|
|
Defined modes are:
|
|
@*
|
|
as_needed, full, fast, by_index_<num>, fast_by_index_<num>
|
|
@*
|
|
"as_needed" formats yet unformatted DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE, or blank
|
|
unformatted BD-R. Other media are left untouched.
|
|
@*
|
|
"full" (re-)formats DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE, or blank unformatted BD-R.
|
|
@*
|
|
"fast" does the same as "full" but tries to be quicker.
|
|
@*
|
|
"by_index_" selects a format out of the descriptor list issued by option
|
|
-list_formats. The index number from that list is to be appended to the
|
|
mode word. E.g: "by_index_3".
|
|
@*
|
|
"fast_by_index_" does the same as "by_index_" but tries to be quicker.
|
|
@*
|
|
"by_size_" selects a format out of the descriptor list which provides at
|
|
least the given size. That size is to be appended to the mode word.
|
|
E.g: "by_size_4100m". This applies to media with Defect Management.
|
|
@*
|
|
"fast_by_size_" does the same as "by_size_" but tries to be quicker.
|
|
@*
|
|
The formatting action has no effect on media if -dummy is activated.
|
|
@*
|
|
Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a media,
|
|
if ever. But it is a reason for re-formatting if:
|
|
@*
|
|
DVD-RW was deformatted by -blank,
|
|
@*
|
|
DVD+RW has read failures (re-format before next write),
|
|
@*
|
|
DVD-RAM or BD-RE shall change their amount of defect reserve.
|
|
@*
|
|
BD-R may be written unformatted or may be formatted before first use.
|
|
Formatting activates Defect Management which tries to catch and repair
|
|
bad spots on media during the write process at the expense of half speed
|
|
even with flawless media.
|
|
@*
|
|
The progress reports issued by some drives while formatting are
|
|
quite unrealistic. Do not conclude success or failure from the
|
|
reported percentages. Formatting was successful if no SORRY event
|
|
or worse occured. Be patient with apparently frozen progress.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -list_formats
|
|
@kindex -list_formats lists available formats
|
|
@cindex Media, list formats, -list_formats
|
|
Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output drive for
|
|
the current media. The list gives the index number after "Format idx",
|
|
a MMC format code, the announced size in blocks (like "2236704s")
|
|
and the same size in MiB.
|
|
@*
|
|
MMC format codes are manifold. Most important are:
|
|
"00h" general formatting, "01h" increases reserve space for DVD-RAM,
|
|
"26h" for DVD+RW, "30h" for BD-RE with reserve space,
|
|
"31h" for BD-RE without reserve space, "32h" for BD-R.
|
|
@*
|
|
Smaller format size with DVD-RAM, BD-RE, or BD-R means more reserve space.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -list_profiles "in"|"out"|"all"
|
|
@kindex -list_profiles lists supported media
|
|
@cindex Drive, list supported media, -list_profiles
|
|
Put out a list of media types supported by -indev, resp. -outdev, resp. both.
|
|
The currently recognized type is marked by text "(current)".
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Settings for result writing:
|
|
@node SetWrite, Bootable, Writing, Options
|
|
@section Settings for result writing
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
Rock Ridge info will be generated by the program unconditionally.
|
|
ACLs will be written according to the setting of option -acl.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -joliet "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -joliet enables production of Joliet tree
|
|
@cindex Write, enable Joliet, -joliet
|
|
If enabled by "on", generate Joliet tree additional to ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge
|
|
tree.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -compliance rule[:rule...]
|
|
@kindex -compliance controls standard compliance
|
|
@cindex Write, compliance to specs, -compliance
|
|
Adjust the compliance to specifications of ISO 9660 and its contemporary
|
|
extensions. In some
|
|
cases it is worth to deviate a bit in order to circumvent bugs of the intended
|
|
reader system or to get unofficial extra features.
|
|
@*
|
|
There are several adjustable rules which have a keyword each. If they
|
|
are mentioned with this option then their rule gets added to the relaxation
|
|
list. This list can be erased by rules "strict" or "clear". It can be reset
|
|
to its start setting by "default". All of the following relaxation rules
|
|
can be revoked individually by appending "_off". Like "deep_paths_off".
|
|
@*
|
|
Rule keywords are:
|
|
@*
|
|
"omit_version" do not add versions (";1") to ISO and Joliet file names.
|
|
@*
|
|
"only_iso_version" do not add versions (";1") to Joliet file names.
|
|
@*
|
|
"deep_paths" allow ISO file paths deeper than 8 levels.
|
|
@*
|
|
"long_paths" allow ISO file paths longer than 255 characters.
|
|
@*
|
|
"long_names" allow up to 37 characters with ISO file names.
|
|
@*
|
|
"no_force_dots" do not add a dot to ISO file names which have none.
|
|
@*
|
|
"no_j_force_dots" do not add a dot to Joliet file names which have none.
|
|
@*
|
|
"lowercase" allow lowercase characters in ISO file names.
|
|
@*
|
|
"full_ascii" allow all ASCII characters in ISO file names.
|
|
@*
|
|
"joliet_long_paths" allow Joliet paths longer than 240 characters.
|
|
@*
|
|
"always_gmt" store timestamps in GMT representation with timezone 0.
|
|
@*
|
|
"rec_mtime" record with ISO files the disk file's mtime and not the
|
|
creation time of the image.
|
|
@*
|
|
"new_rr" use Rock Ridge version 1.12 (suitable for GNU/Linux but not for older
|
|
FreeBSD or for Solaris). This implies "aaip_susp_1_10_off" which may be changed
|
|
by subsequent "aaip_susp_1_10".
|
|
@*
|
|
Default is "old_rr" which uses Rock Ridge version 1.10. This implies also
|
|
"aaip_susp_1_10" which may be changed by subsequent "aaip_susp_1_10_off".
|
|
@*
|
|
"aaip_susp_1_10" allows AAIP to be written as unofficial extension of RRIP
|
|
rather than as official extension under SUSP-1.12.
|
|
@*
|
|
"no_emul_toc" saves 64 kB with the first session on overwriteable media
|
|
but makes the image incapable of displaying its session history.
|
|
@*
|
|
Default setting is
|
|
@*
|
|
"clear:only_iso_version:deep_paths:long_paths:no_j_force_dots:
|
|
@*
|
|
always_gmt:old_rr".
|
|
@*
|
|
Note: The term "ISO file" means the plain ISO 9660 names and attributes
|
|
which get visible if the reader ignores Rock Ridge.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -volid text
|
|
@kindex -volid sets volume id
|
|
@cindex Image, set volume id, -volid
|
|
Specify the volume ID. xorriso accepts any text up to 32 characters,
|
|
but according to rarely obeyed specs stricter rules apply:
|
|
@*
|
|
ECMA 119 demands ASCII characters out of [A-Z0-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23"
|
|
@*
|
|
Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
|
|
@*
|
|
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the
|
|
mount point when the media is inserted into a playful computer system.
|
|
@*
|
|
If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default "ISOIMAGE"
|
|
or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will become the effective
|
|
volume id for the next write run. But as soon as command -volid is performed
|
|
afterwards, this pending id is overridden by the new setting.
|
|
@*
|
|
Consider this when setting -volid "ISOIMAGE" before executing -dev, -indev,
|
|
or -rollback.
|
|
If you insist in -volid "ISOIMAGE", set it again after those commands.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -volset_id text
|
|
@kindex -volset_id sets volume set id
|
|
@cindex Image, set volume set id, -volset_id
|
|
Set the volume set id string to be written with the next -commit.
|
|
Permissible are up to 128 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -publisher text
|
|
@kindex -publisher sets publisher id
|
|
@cindex Image, set publisher id, -publisher
|
|
Set the publisher id string to be written with the next -commit. This may
|
|
identify the person or organisation who specified what shall be recorded.
|
|
Permissible are up to 128 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -application_id text
|
|
@kindex -application_id sets application id
|
|
@cindex Image, set application id, -application_id
|
|
Set the application id string to be written with the next -commit. This may
|
|
identify the specification of how the data are recorded.
|
|
Permissible are up to 128 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@*
|
|
The special text "@@xorriso@@" gets converted to the id string of xorriso
|
|
which is normally written as -preparer_id. It is a wrong tradition to write
|
|
the program id as -application_id.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -system_id text
|
|
@kindex -system_id sets system id
|
|
@cindex Image, set system id, -system_id
|
|
Set the system id string to be written with the next -commit. This may
|
|
identify the system which can recognize and act upon the content of the
|
|
System Area in image blocks 0 to 15.
|
|
Permissible are up to 32 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -volume_date type timestring
|
|
@kindex -volume_date sets volume timestamp
|
|
@cindex Image, set volume timestamp, -volume_date
|
|
Set one of the four overall timestamps for subsequent image writing.
|
|
Available types are:
|
|
@*
|
|
"c" time when the volume was created.
|
|
@*
|
|
"m" time when volume was last modified.
|
|
@*
|
|
"x" time when the information in the volume expires.
|
|
@*
|
|
"f" time since when the volume is effectively valid.
|
|
@*
|
|
"uuid" sets a timestring that overrides "c" and "m" times literally.
|
|
It must consist of 16 decimal digits which form YYYYMMDDhhmmsscc, with
|
|
YYYY between 1970 and 2999. Time zone is GMT.
|
|
It is supposed to match this GRUB line:
|
|
@*
|
|
search @minus{}@minus{}fs-uuid @minus{}@minus{}set YYYY-MM-DD-hh-mm-ss-cc
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g. 2010040711405800 is 7 Apr 2010 11:40:58 (+0 centiseconds).
|
|
@*
|
|
Timestrings for the other types may be given as with option -alter_date.
|
|
They are prone to timezone computations. The timestrings "default" or
|
|
"overridden" cause default settings: "c" and "m" will show the current time
|
|
of image creation. "x" and "f" will be marked as insignificant.
|
|
"uuid" will be deactivated.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -copyright_file text
|
|
@kindex -copyright_file sets copyright file name
|
|
@cindex Image, set copyright file name, -copyright_file
|
|
Set the copyright file name to be written with the next -commit. This should
|
|
be the ISO 9660 path of a file in the image which contains a copyright
|
|
statement.
|
|
Permissible are up to 37 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -abstract_file text
|
|
@kindex -abstract_file sets abstract file name
|
|
@cindex Image, set abstract file name, -abstract_file
|
|
Set the abstract file name to be written with the next -commit. This should
|
|
be the ISO 9660 path of a file in the image which contains an abstract
|
|
statement about the image content.
|
|
Permissible are up to 37 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -biblio_file text
|
|
@kindex -biblio_file sets biblio file name
|
|
@cindex Image, set biblio file name, -biblio_file
|
|
Set the biblio file name to be written with the next -commit. This should
|
|
be the ISO 9660 path of a file in the image which contains bibliographic
|
|
records.
|
|
Permissible are up to 37 characters. This setting gets overridden by
|
|
image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -preparer_id
|
|
@kindex -preparer_id sets preparer id
|
|
@cindex Image, set preparer id, -preparer_id
|
|
Set the preparer id string to be written with the next -commit. This may
|
|
identify the person or other entity which controls the preparation of the data
|
|
which shall be recorded. Normally this should be the id of xorriso and not
|
|
of the person or program which operates xorriso. Please avoid to change it.
|
|
Permissible are up to 128 characters.
|
|
@*
|
|
The special text "@@xorriso@@" gets converted to the id string of xorriso
|
|
which is default at program startup.
|
|
@*
|
|
Unlike other id strings, this setting is not influenced by image loading.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -out_charset character_set_name
|
|
@kindex -out_charset sets output character set
|
|
@cindex Character Set, for output, -out_charset
|
|
Set the character set to which file names get converted when writing an
|
|
image. See paragraph "Character sets" for more explanations.
|
|
When loading the written image after -commit the setting of -out_charset
|
|
will be copied to -in_charset.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -uid uid
|
|
@kindex -uid sets global ownership
|
|
@cindex Ownership, global in ISO image, -uid
|
|
User id to be used for all files when the new ISO tree gets written to media.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -gid gid
|
|
@kindex -gid sets global ownership
|
|
@cindex Group, global in ISO image, -gid
|
|
Group id to be used for all files when the new ISO tree gets written to media.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -zisofs option[:options]
|
|
@kindex -zisofs controls zisofs production
|
|
@cindex Filter, zisofs parameters, -zisofs
|
|
Set global parameters for zisofs compression. This data format is recognized
|
|
and transparently uncompressed by some Linux kernels. It is to be applied
|
|
via option -set_filter with built-in filter "@minus{}@minus{}zisofs".
|
|
Parameters are:
|
|
@*
|
|
"level="[0-9] zlib compression: 0=none, 1=fast,..., 9=slow
|
|
@*
|
|
"block_size="32k|64k|128k size of compression blocks
|
|
@*
|
|
"by_magic=on" enables an expensive test at image generation time which checks
|
|
files from disk whether they already are zisofs compressed, e.g. by program
|
|
mkzftree.
|
|
@*
|
|
"default" same as "level=6:block_size=32k:by_magic=off"
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -speed number[k|m|c|d|b]
|
|
@kindex -speed set write speed
|
|
@cindex Write, set speed, -speed
|
|
Set the burn speed. Default is 0 = maximum speed.
|
|
Speed can be given in media dependent numbers or as a
|
|
desired throughput per second in MMC compliant kB (= 1000)
|
|
or MB (= 1000 kB). Media x-speed factor can be set explicity
|
|
by "c" for CD, "d" for DVD, "b" for BD, "x" is optional.
|
|
@*
|
|
Example speeds:
|
|
@*
|
|
706k = 706kB/s = 4c = 4xCD
|
|
@*
|
|
5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD
|
|
@*
|
|
If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the
|
|
media in the -outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k.
|
|
@*
|
|
MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take
|
|
the speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit
|
|
for their own decision.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -stream_recording "on"|"off"|"full"|"data"|number
|
|
@kindex -stream_recording controls defect management
|
|
@cindex Write, defect management, -stream_recording
|
|
Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on DVD-RAM, BD-RE,
|
|
or BD-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged media usable. But it reduces
|
|
write speed to half nominal speed even if the media is in perfect shape.
|
|
For the case of flawless media, one may use -stream_recording "on" to get
|
|
full speed.
|
|
@*
|
|
"full" tries full speed with all write operations, whereas "on" does this
|
|
only above byte address 32s. One may give a number of at least 16s
|
|
in order to set an own address limit.
|
|
@*
|
|
"data" causes full speed to start when superblock and directory entries are
|
|
written and writing of file content blocks begins.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dvd_obs "default"|"32k"|"64k"
|
|
@kindex -dvd_obs set write block size
|
|
@cindex Write, block size, -dvd_obs
|
|
GNU/Linux specific:
|
|
Set the number of bytes to be transmitted with each write operation to DVD
|
|
or BD media. A number of 64 KB may improve throughput with bus systems which
|
|
show latency problems. The default depends on media type, on option
|
|
-stream_recording , and on compile time options.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -stdio_sync "on"|"off"|number
|
|
@kindex -stdio_sync controls stdio buffer
|
|
@cindex Write, buffer syncing, -stdio_sync
|
|
Set the number of bytes after which to force output to stdio: pseudo drives.
|
|
This forcing keeps the memory from being clogged with lots of
|
|
pending data for slow devices. Default "on" is the same as "16m".
|
|
Forced output can be disabled by "off".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dummy "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -dummy controls write simulation
|
|
@cindex Write, simulation, -dummy
|
|
If "on" then simulate burning or refuse with FAILURE event if
|
|
no simulation is possible, do neither blank nor format.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -fs number["k"|"m"]
|
|
@kindex -fs sets size of fifo
|
|
@cindex Write, fifo size, -fs
|
|
Set the size of the fifo buffer which smoothens the data
|
|
stream from ISO image generation to media burning. Default
|
|
is 4 MiB, minimum 64 kiB, maximum 1 GiB.
|
|
The number may be followed by letter "k" or "m"
|
|
which means unit is kiB (= 1024) or MiB (= 1024 kiB).
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -close "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -close controls media closing
|
|
@cindex Write, close media, -close
|
|
If "on" then mark the written media as not appendable
|
|
any more (if possible at all with the given type of target media).
|
|
@*
|
|
This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option -multi,
|
|
and is one aspect of growisofs option -dvd-compat.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -padding number["k"|"m"]
|
|
@kindex -padding sets amount of image padding
|
|
@cindex Write, padding image, -padding
|
|
Append the given number of extra bytes to the image stream.
|
|
This is a traditional remedy for a traditional bug in block
|
|
device read drivers. Needed only for CD recordings in TAO mode.
|
|
Since one can hardly predict on what media an image might end up,
|
|
xorriso adds the traditional 300k of padding by default to all images.
|
|
@*
|
|
For images which will never get to a CD it is safe to use -padding 0 .
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Bootable ISO images:
|
|
@node Bootable, Jigdo, SetWrite, Options
|
|
@section Bootable ISO images
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
Contrary to published specifications many BIOSes will load an El Torito
|
|
record from the first session on media and not from the last one, which
|
|
gets mounted by default. This makes no problems with overwriteable media,
|
|
because they appear to inadverted readers as one single session.
|
|
@*
|
|
But with multi-session media CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], DVD+R, it implies that the
|
|
whole bootable system has to reside already in the first session and that
|
|
the last session still has to bear all files which the booted system expects
|
|
after eventually mounting the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
If a boot image from ISOLINUX or GRUB is known to be present on media then
|
|
it is advised to patch it
|
|
when a follow-up session gets written. But one should not rely on the
|
|
capability to influence the bootability of the existing sessions, unless one
|
|
can assume overwriteable media.
|
|
@*
|
|
There are booting mechanisms which do not use an El Torito record but rather
|
|
start at the first bytes of the image: PC-BIOS MBR for hard-disk-like devices,
|
|
MIPS Volume Header for old SGI computers, DEC Boot Block for old DECstation,
|
|
SUN Disk Label for SPARC machines.
|
|
@*
|
|
The boot firmware EFI may use programs which are located in a FAT filesystem
|
|
and announced by an MBR partition table entry.
|
|
@*
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -boot_image "any"|"isolinux"|"grub"
|
|
@kindex -boot_image controls bootability
|
|
@cindex Write, bootability, -boot_image
|
|
@cindex Bootability, control, -boot_image
|
|
@*
|
|
"discard"|"keep"|"patch"|"show_status"|bootspec|"next"
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Define the handling of an eventual set of El Torito boot images which
|
|
has been read from an existing ISO image or define how to make a prepared
|
|
boot image file set bootable. Such file sets get produced by ISOLINUX or GRUB.
|
|
@*
|
|
Each -boot_image command has two arguments: type and setting. More than one
|
|
-boot_image command may be used to define the handling of one or more boot
|
|
images. Sequence matters.
|
|
@*
|
|
Types @strong{isolinux} and @strong{grub} care for known peculiarities.
|
|
Type @strong{any} makes
|
|
no assumptions about the origin of the boot images.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
El Torito boot images of any type can be newly inserted, or discarded,
|
|
or patched, or kept unaltered.
|
|
Whether to patch or to keep depends on whether
|
|
the boot images contain boot info tables.
|
|
@*
|
|
A boot info table needs to be patched when the boot image gets newly
|
|
introduced into the ISO image or if an existing image gets relocated.
|
|
This is automatically done if type "isolinux" or "grub"
|
|
is given, but not with "any".
|
|
@*
|
|
If patching is enabled, then boot images from previous sessions will
|
|
be checked whether they seem to bear a boot info table. If not,
|
|
then they stay unpatched. This check is not infallible. So if
|
|
you do know that the images need no patching, use "any" "keep".
|
|
"grub" "patch" will not patch EFI images (platform_id=0xef).
|
|
@*
|
|
Most safe is the default: -boot_image "any" "discard".
|
|
@*
|
|
Advised for GRUB : -boot_image "grub" "patch"
|
|
@*
|
|
For ISOLINUX : -boot_image "isolinux" "patch"
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{show_status} will print what is known about the loaded boot images
|
|
and their designated fate.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
A @strong{bootspec} is a word of the form name=value and is used to describe
|
|
the parameters of a boot image by an El Torito record and eventually a MBR.
|
|
The names "dir", "bin_path", "efi_path" lead to El Torito bootable images.
|
|
Name "system_area" activates a given file as MBR.
|
|
@*
|
|
On all media types this is possible within the first session. In further
|
|
sessions an existing boot image can get replaced by a new one, but depending
|
|
on the media type this may have few effect at boot time. See above.
|
|
@*
|
|
The boot image and its supporting files have to be added to the ISO image by
|
|
normal means (image loading, -map, -add, ...). In case of ISOLINUX the files
|
|
should reside either in ISO image directory /isolinux or in /boot/isolinux .
|
|
In that case it suffices to use as bootspec the text "dir=/isolinux" or
|
|
"dir=/boot/isolinux". E.g.:
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image isolinux dir=/boot/isolinux
|
|
@*
|
|
which bundles these individual settings:
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image isolinux bin_path=/boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image isolinux cat_path=/boot/isolinux/boot.cat
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image isolinux load_size=2048
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image any boot_info_table=on
|
|
@*
|
|
An El Torito boot catalog file gets inserted into the ISO image with address
|
|
@strong{cat_path=} at -commit time.
|
|
It is subject to normal -overwrite and -reassure processing if there is already
|
|
a file with the same name.
|
|
The catalog lists the boot images and is read by the boot facility to choose
|
|
one of the boot images. But it is not necessary that it appears in the
|
|
directory tree at all. One may hide it in all trees by @strong{cat_hidden=on}.
|
|
Other possible values are "iso_rr", "joliet", and the default "off".
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{bin_path=} depicts a boot image file, a binary program which is to be
|
|
started by the hardware boot facility (e.g. the BIOS) at boot time.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{efi_path=} depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI booting.
|
|
Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info table gets
|
|
written, no boot media gets emulated, platform_id is 0xef.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{emul_type=} can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette".
|
|
It controls the boot media emulation code of a boot image.
|
|
The default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD cdboot.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{load_size=} is a value which depends on the boot image.
|
|
Default 2048 should be overridden only if a better value is known.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{boot_info_table=on} may be used to apply patching to a boot image which
|
|
is given by "any" "bin_path=". "boot_info_table=off" disables patching.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{platform_id=} defines by two hex digits the Platform ID of the
|
|
boot image. "00" is 80x86 PC-BIOS, "01" is PowerPC, "02" is Mac, "ef" is EFI.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{id_string=}text|56_hexdigits defines the ID string of the boot catalog
|
|
section where the boot image will be listed. If the value consists of 56
|
|
characters [0-9A-Fa-f] then it is converted into 28 bytes, else the first
|
|
28 characters become the ID string.
|
|
The ID string of the first boot image becomes the overall catalog ID.
|
|
It is limited to 24 characters. Other id_strings become section IDs.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{sel_crit=}hexdigits defines the Selection Criteria of the boot image.
|
|
Up to 20 bytes get read from the given characters [0-9A-Fa-f].
|
|
They get attributed to the boot image entry in the catalog.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{next} ends the definition of a boot image and starts a new one.
|
|
Any following -bootimage bootspecs will affect the new image.
|
|
The first "next" discards eventually loaded boot images and their
|
|
catalog.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{discard} gives up an existing boot catalog and its boot images.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{keep} keeps or copies boot images unaltered and writes a new catalog.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{patch} applies patching to existing boot images
|
|
if they seem to bear a boot info table.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex System area, _definiton
|
|
@cindex MBR, set, -boot_image system_area=
|
|
@strong{system_area=}disk_path copies at most 32768 bytes from the given
|
|
disk file to the very start of the ISO image.
|
|
This System Area is reserved for system dependent boot software, e.g. an MBR
|
|
which can be used to boot from USB stick or hard disk.
|
|
@*
|
|
Other than a El Torito boot image, the file disk_path needs not to be added
|
|
to the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image isolinux system_area= implies "partition_table=on".
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex Partition table, _definiton
|
|
@strong{partition_table=on} causes a simple partition table to be written
|
|
into bytes 446 to 511 of the System Area.
|
|
@*
|
|
With type "isolinux" it shows a partition that begins at byte 0 and it causes
|
|
the LBA of the first boot image to be written into the MBR. For the first
|
|
session this works only if also "system_area=" and "bin_path=" or "dir="
|
|
is given.
|
|
@*
|
|
With types "any" and "grub" it shows a single
|
|
partiton which starts at byte 512 and ends where the ISO image ends.
|
|
This works with or without system_area= or boot image.
|
|
@*
|
|
In follow-up sessions the existing System Area is preserved by default.
|
|
If types "isolinux" or "grub" are set to "patch", then "partition_table=on"
|
|
is activated without new boot image.
|
|
In this case the existing System Area gets checked whether it bears addresses
|
|
and sizes as if it had been processed by "partition_table=on". If so,
|
|
then those parameters get updated when the new System Area is written.
|
|
@*
|
|
Special "system_area=/dev/zero" causes 32k of NUL-bytes.
|
|
Use this to discard an MBR which eventually was loaded with the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex Partition offset, _definiton
|
|
@strong{partition_offset=}2kb_block_adr causes a partition table with a single
|
|
partition that begins at the given block address. This is counted in 2048 byte
|
|
blocks, not in 512 byte blocks. If the block address is non-zero then it must
|
|
be at least 16. A non-zero partition offset causes two superblocks to be
|
|
generated and two sets of directory trees. The image is then mountable from its
|
|
absolute start as well as from the partition start.
|
|
@*
|
|
The offset value of an ISO image gets preserved when a new session is added.
|
|
So the value defined here is only in effect if a new ISO image gets written.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{partition_sec_hd=}number gives the number of sectors per head for
|
|
partition offset. 0 chooses a default value.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{partition_hd_cyl=}number gives the number of heads per cylinder for
|
|
partition offset. 0 chooses a default value.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex MIPS boot file, activation
|
|
@strong{mips_path=}iso_rr_path declares a data file in the image to be a
|
|
MIPS Big Endian boot file and causes production of a MIPS Big Endian Volume
|
|
Header. This is mutually exclusive with production of other boot blocks
|
|
like MBR.
|
|
It will overwrite the first 512 bytes of any data eventually provided by
|
|
system_area=.
|
|
Up to 15 boot files can be declared by mips_path=.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{mipsel_path=}iso_rr_path declares a data file in the image to be the
|
|
MIPS Little Endian boot file. This is mutually exclusive with other boot
|
|
blocks.
|
|
It will overwrite the first 512 bytes of any data eventually
|
|
provided by system_area=.
|
|
Only a single boot file can be declared by mipsel_path=.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex SUN Disk Label, production
|
|
@strong{sparc_label=}text causes the production of a SUN Disk Label with the
|
|
given text as ASCII label. This boot block format allows to append images
|
|
for partitions 2 to 8. Partition 1 will always be the ISO image.
|
|
See option -append_partition.
|
|
The first 512 bytes of any data eventually provided
|
|
by system_area= will be overwritten.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{mips_discard} and @strong{sparc_discard} revoke any boot file
|
|
declarations made by mips_path= or mipsel_path=. They also disable production
|
|
of SUN Disk Label.
|
|
This removes the ban on production of other boot blocks.
|
|
@*
|
|
@end table
|
|
@*
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -append_partition partition_number type_code disk_path
|
|
@kindex -append_partition adds arbitrary file after image end
|
|
@cindex Appended Filesystem Image, -append_partition
|
|
Cause a prepared filesystem image to be appended to the ISO image and to be
|
|
described by a partition table entry in a boot block at the start of the
|
|
emerging ISO image. The partition entry will bear the size of the submitted
|
|
file rounded up to the next multiple of 2048 bytes.
|
|
@*
|
|
Beware of subsequent multi-session runs. The appended partition will get
|
|
overwritten.
|
|
@*
|
|
Partitions may be appended with boot block type MBR and with SUN Disk Label.
|
|
@*
|
|
With MBR:
|
|
@*
|
|
partition_number may be 1 to 4. Number 1 will put the whole ISO image into
|
|
the unclaimed space before partition 1. So together with most xorriso MBR
|
|
features, number 2 would be the most natural choice.
|
|
@*
|
|
The type_code may be "FAT12", "FAT16", "Linux",
|
|
or a hexadecimal number between 0x00 and 0xff. Not all those numbers will
|
|
yield usable results. For a list of codes search the Internet for
|
|
"Partition Types" or run fdisk command "L".
|
|
@*
|
|
The disk_path must provide the necessary data bytes at commit time.
|
|
An empty disk_path disables this feature for the given partition number.
|
|
@*
|
|
@cindex SUN SPARC boot images, activation
|
|
With SUN Disk Label (selected by -boot_image any sparc_label=):
|
|
@*
|
|
partition_number may be 2 to 8. Number 1 will always be the ISO image.
|
|
Partition start addresses are aligned to 320 KiB. The type_code does not
|
|
matter. Submit 0x0.
|
|
@*
|
|
Partition image name "." causes the partition to become a copy of the next
|
|
lower valid one.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Jigdo Template Extraction:
|
|
@node Jigdo, Charset, Bootable, Options
|
|
@section Jigdo Template Extraction
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@cindex Jigdo Template Extraction, _definition
|
|
From man genisoimage:
|
|
"Jigdo is a tool to help in the distribution of large files like CD and
|
|
DVD images; see http://atterer.net/jigdo/ for more details. Debian CDs
|
|
and DVD ISO images are published on the web in jigdo format to allow
|
|
end users to download them more efficiently."
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso can produce a .jigdo and a .template file together with a
|
|
single-session ISO image.
|
|
The .jigdo file contains checksums and symbolic file addresses.
|
|
The .template file contains the compressed ISO image with reference tags
|
|
instead of the content bytes of the listed files.
|
|
@*
|
|
Input for this process are the normal arguments for a xorriso session
|
|
on a blank -outdev, and a .md5 file which lists those data files which may be
|
|
listed in the .jigdo file and externally referenced in the .template file.
|
|
Each designated file is represented in the .md5 file by a single text line:
|
|
@*
|
|
MD5 as 32 hex digits, 2 blanks, size as 12 decimal digits or blanks, 2 blanks,
|
|
symbolic file address
|
|
@*
|
|
The file address in an .md5 line has to bear the same basename as the
|
|
disk_path of the file which it shall match. The directory path of
|
|
the file address is decisive for To=From mapping, not for file recognition.
|
|
After eventual To=From mapping, the file address gets written into the .jigdo
|
|
file. Jigdo restore tools will convert these addresses into really
|
|
reachable data source addresses from which they can read.
|
|
@*
|
|
If the list of jigdo parameters is not empty, then xorriso will refuse to
|
|
write to non-blank targets, it will disable multi-session emulation, and
|
|
eventual padding will be counted as part of the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -jigdo parameter_name value
|
|
@kindex -jigdo clears JTE or sets input/output character set
|
|
@cindex Jigdo Template Extraction, -jigdo
|
|
Clear Jigdo Template Extraction parameter list or add a parameter to that list.
|
|
The alias names are the corresponding genisoimage options. They are accepted
|
|
as parameter names as well. Especially they are recognized by the -as mkisofs
|
|
emulation command.
|
|
@*
|
|
Parameter @strong{clear} with any value empties the whole list.
|
|
No .jigdo and .template file will be produced.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{template_path} sets the disk_path for the .template file with the
|
|
holed and compressed ISO image copy.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-template
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{jigdo_path} sets the disk_path for the .jigdo file with the checksums
|
|
and download addresses for filling the holes in .template.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-jigdo
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{md5_path} sets the disk_path where to find the .md5 input file.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -md5-list
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{min_size} sets the minimum size for a data file to be listed
|
|
in the .jigdo file and being a hole in the .template file.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-min-file-size
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{exclude} adds a regular expression pattern which will get compared
|
|
with the absolute disk_path of any data file. A match causes the file to
|
|
stay in .template in any case.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-exclude
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{demand_md5} adds a regular expression pattern which will get compared
|
|
with the absolute disk_path of any data file that was not found in the .md5
|
|
list. A match causes a MISHAP event.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-force-md5
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{mapping} adds a string pair of the form To=From to the parameter list.
|
|
If a data file gets listed in the .jigdo file, then it is referred by the
|
|
file address from its line in the .md5 file. This file address gets checked
|
|
whether it begins with the From string. If so, then this string will be
|
|
replaced by the To string and a ':' character, before it goes into the .jigdo
|
|
file. The From string should end by a '/' character.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-map
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{compression} chooses one of "bzip2" or "gzip" for the compression of
|
|
the template file. The jigdo file is put out uncompressed.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -jigdo-template-compress
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{checksum_iso} chooses one or more of "md5", "sha1", "sha256", "sha512"
|
|
for the auxiliary "# Image Hex" checksums in the jigdo file. The value may e.g.
|
|
look like "md5,sha1,sha512". Value "all" chooses all available algorithms.
|
|
Note that MD5 stays always enabled.
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -checksum_algorithm_iso
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{checksum_template} is like checksum_iso but for "# Template Hex".
|
|
@*
|
|
Alias: -checksum_algorithm_template
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Character sets:
|
|
@node Charset, Exception, Jigdo, Options
|
|
@section Character sets
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
@cindex Character Set, _definition
|
|
File names are strings of non-zero bytes with 8 bit each. Unfortunately
|
|
the same byte string may appear as different peculiar national characters
|
|
on differently nationalized terminals.
|
|
The meanings of byte codes are defined in @strong{character sets} which have
|
|
names. Shell command iconv -l lists them.
|
|
@*
|
|
Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric
|
|
characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers
|
|
of the media use the same character set.
|
|
Outside these constraints it may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte
|
|
codes.
|
|
@*
|
|
There is an input conversion from input character set to the local character
|
|
set which applies when an ISO image gets loaded. A conversion from local
|
|
character set to the output character set is performed when an
|
|
image tree gets written. The sets can be defined independently by options
|
|
-in_charset and -out_charset. Normally one will have both identical, if ever.
|
|
@*
|
|
If conversions are desired then xorriso needs to know the name of the
|
|
local character set. xorriso can inquire the same info as shell command
|
|
"locale" with argument "charmap". This may be influenced by environment
|
|
variables LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, or LANG and should match the expectations of
|
|
the terminal.
|
|
@*
|
|
The default output charset is the local character set of the terminal where
|
|
xorriso runs. So by default no conversion happens between local filesystem
|
|
names and emerging names in the image. The situation stays ambigous and the
|
|
reader has to riddle what character set was used.
|
|
@*
|
|
By option -auto_charset it is possible to attribute the output charset name
|
|
to the image. This makes the situation unambigous. But if your terminal
|
|
character set does not match the character set of the local file names,
|
|
then this attribute can become plainly wrong and cause problems at read time.
|
|
To prevent this it is necessary to check whether the terminal properly
|
|
displays all intended filenames. Check especially the exotic national
|
|
characters.
|
|
@*
|
|
To enforce recording of a particular character set name without any conversion
|
|
at image generation time, set -charset and -local_charset to the desired name,
|
|
and enable -backslash_codes to avoid evil character display on your terminal.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -charset character_set_name
|
|
@kindex -charset sets input/output character set
|
|
@cindex Character Set, for input/output, -charset
|
|
Set the character set from which to convert file names when loading an
|
|
image and to which to convert when writing an image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -local_charset character_set_name
|
|
@kindex -local_charset sets terminal character set
|
|
@cindex Character Set, of terminal, -local_charset
|
|
Override the system assumption of the local character set name.
|
|
If this appears necessary, one should consider to set -backslash_codes to
|
|
"on" in order to avoid dangerous binary codes being sent to the terminal.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Exception processing:
|
|
@node Exception, DialogCtl, Charset, Options
|
|
@section Exception processing
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
Since the tasks of xorriso are manifold and prone to external influence, there
|
|
may arise the need for xorriso to report and handle problem events.
|
|
@*
|
|
Those events get classified when they are detected by one of the software
|
|
modules and forwarded to reporting and evaluation modules which decide about
|
|
reactions. Event classes are sorted by severity:
|
|
@*
|
|
"NEVER" The upper end of the severity spectrum.
|
|
@*
|
|
"ABORT" The program is being aborted and on its way to end.
|
|
@*
|
|
"FATAL" The main purpose of the run failed
|
|
or an important resource failed unexpectedly.
|
|
@*
|
|
"FAILURE" An important part of the job could not be performed.
|
|
@*
|
|
"MISHAP" A FAILURE which can be tolerated during ISO image generation.
|
|
@*
|
|
"SORRY" A less important part of the job could not be performed.
|
|
@*
|
|
"WARNING" A situation is suspicious of being not intended by the user.
|
|
@*
|
|
"HINT" A proposal to the user how to achieve better results.
|
|
@*
|
|
"NOTE" A harmless information about noteworthy circumstances.
|
|
@*
|
|
"UPDATE" A pacifier message during long running operations.
|
|
@*
|
|
"DEBUG" A message which would only interest the program developers.
|
|
@*
|
|
"ALL" The lower end of the severity spectrum.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -abort_on severity
|
|
@kindex -abort_on controls abort on error
|
|
@cindex Process, control abort on error, -abort_on
|
|
Set the severity threshold for events to abort the program.
|
|
@*
|
|
Useful: "NEVER", "ABORT", "FATAL", "FAILURE" , "MISHAP", "SORRY"
|
|
@*
|
|
It may become necessary to abort the program anyway, despite
|
|
the setting by this option. Expect not many "ABORT" events to
|
|
be ignorable.
|
|
@*
|
|
A special property of this option is that it works preemptive if given as
|
|
program start argument. I.e. the first -abort_on setting among the
|
|
start arguments is in effect already when the first operations of xorriso
|
|
begin. Only "-abort_on" with dash "-" is recognized that way.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -return_with severity exit_value
|
|
@kindex -return_with controls exit value
|
|
@cindex Process, control exit value, -return_with
|
|
Set the threshold and exit_value to be returned at program end if no abort
|
|
has happened. This is to allow xorriso to go on after problems but to get
|
|
a failure indicating exit value from the program, nevertheless.
|
|
Useful is a value lower than the -abort_on threshold, down to "WARNING".
|
|
@*
|
|
exit_value may be either 0 (indicating success to the starter of the program)
|
|
or a number between 32 and 63. Some other exit_values are used by xorriso if
|
|
it decides to abort the program run:
|
|
@*
|
|
1=abort due to external signal
|
|
@*
|
|
2=no program arguments given
|
|
@*
|
|
3=creation of xorriso main object failed
|
|
@*
|
|
4=failure to start libburnia-project.org libraries
|
|
@*
|
|
5=program abort during argument processing
|
|
@*
|
|
6=program abort during dialog processing
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -report_about severity
|
|
@kindex -report_about controls verbosity
|
|
@cindex Process, control verbosity, -report_about
|
|
Set the threshold for events to be reported.
|
|
@*
|
|
Useful: "SORRY", "WARNING", "HINT", "NOTE", "UPDATE", "DEBUG", "ALL"
|
|
@*
|
|
Regardless what is set by -report_about, messages get always reported if they
|
|
reach the severity threshold of -abort_on .
|
|
@*
|
|
Event messages are sent to the info channel "I" which is usually stderr
|
|
but may be influenced by command -pkt_output.
|
|
Info messages which belong to no event get attributed severity "NOTE".
|
|
@*
|
|
A special property of this option is that the first -report_about setting
|
|
among the start arguments is in effect already when the first operations
|
|
of xorriso begin. Only "-report_about" with dash "-" is recognized that way.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -error_behavior occasion behavior
|
|
@kindex -error_behavior controls error workarounds
|
|
@cindex Process, error workarounds, -error_behavior
|
|
Control the program behavior at problem event occasions.
|
|
For now this applies to occasions "image_loading" which is given while
|
|
an image tree is read from the input device, and to "file_extraction" which
|
|
is given with osirrox options like -extract.
|
|
@*
|
|
With "image_loading" there are three behaviors available:
|
|
@*
|
|
"best_effort" goes on with reading after events with severity below FAILURE
|
|
if the threshold of option -abort_on allows this.
|
|
@*
|
|
"failure" aborts image tree reading on first event of at least SORRY.
|
|
It issues an own FAILURE event.
|
|
@*
|
|
"fatal" acts like "failure" but issues the own event as FATAL.
|
|
This is the default.
|
|
@*
|
|
With occasion "file_extraction" there are three behaviors:
|
|
@*
|
|
"keep" maintains incompletely extracted files on disk. This is the default.
|
|
@*
|
|
"delete" removes files which encountered errors during content extraction.
|
|
@*
|
|
"best_effort" starts a revovery attempt by means of -extract_cut if the
|
|
file content stems from the loaded ISO image and is not filtered.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Dialog mode control:
|
|
@node DialogCtl, Inquiry, Exception, Options
|
|
@section Dialog mode control
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dialog "on"|"off"|"single_line"
|
|
@kindex -dialog enables dialog mode
|
|
@cindex Dialog, enable dialog mode, -dialog
|
|
Enable or disable to enter dialog mode after all arguments are processed.
|
|
In dialog mode input lines get prompted via readline or from stdin.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "on" supports input of newline characters within quotation marks and
|
|
line continuation by trailing backslash outside quotation marks.
|
|
Mode "single_line" does not.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -page length width
|
|
@kindex -page set terminal geometry
|
|
@cindex Dialog, terminal geometry, -page
|
|
Describe terminal to the text pager. See also above, paragraph Result pager.
|
|
@*
|
|
If parameter length is nonzero then the user gets prompted after that
|
|
number of terminal lines. Zero length disables paging.
|
|
@*
|
|
Parameter width is the number of characters per terminal line. It is used
|
|
to compute the number of terminal lines which get occupied by an output line.
|
|
A usual terminal width is 80.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -use_readline "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -use_readline enables readline for dialog
|
|
@cindex Dialog, line editing, -use_readline
|
|
If "on" then use readline for dialog. Else use plain stdin.
|
|
@*
|
|
See also above, paragraph Dialog, Readline, Result pager.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -reassure "on"|"tree"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -reassure enables confirmation question
|
|
@cindex Dialog, confirmation question, -reassure
|
|
If "on" then ask the user for "y" or "n":
|
|
@*
|
|
before deleting or overwriting any file in the ISO image,
|
|
@*
|
|
before overwriting any disk file during restore operations,
|
|
@*
|
|
before rolling back pending image changes,
|
|
@*
|
|
before committing image changes to media,
|
|
@*
|
|
before changing the input drive,
|
|
@*
|
|
before blanking or formatting media,
|
|
@*
|
|
before ending the program.
|
|
@*
|
|
With setting "tree" the reassuring prompt will appear for an eventual
|
|
directory only once and not for each file in its whole subtree.
|
|
@*
|
|
Setting "off" silently kills any kind of image file object resp. performs
|
|
above irrevocable actions.
|
|
@*
|
|
To really produce user prompts, option -dialog needs to be set to "on".
|
|
Note that the prompt does not appear in situations where file removal
|
|
is forbidden by option -overwrite. -reassure only imposes an additional
|
|
curb for removing existing file objects.
|
|
@*
|
|
Be aware that file objects get deleted from the ISO image immediately
|
|
after confirmation. They are gone even if the running command gets aborted
|
|
and its desired effect gets revoked. In case of severe mess-up, consider to
|
|
use -rollback to revoke the whole session.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Drive and media related inquiry actions:
|
|
@node Inquiry, Navigate, DialogCtl, Options
|
|
@section Drive and media related inquiry actions
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -devices
|
|
@kindex -devices gets list of drives
|
|
@cindex Drive, get drive list, -devices
|
|
Show list of available MMC drives with the addresses of
|
|
their libburn standard device files.
|
|
@*
|
|
This is only possible when no ISO image changes are pending.
|
|
After this option was executed, there is no drive current
|
|
and no image loaded. Eventually one has to aquire a drive again.
|
|
@*
|
|
In order to be visible, a device has to offer rw-permissions
|
|
with its libburn standard device file. Thus it might be only the
|
|
@strong{superuser}
|
|
who is able to see all drives.
|
|
@*
|
|
Drives which are occupied by other processes get not shown.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -toc
|
|
@*
|
|
@kindex -toc shows list of sessions
|
|
@cindex Table-of-content, show, -toc
|
|
Show media specific table of content. This is the media session history,
|
|
not the ISO image directory tree.
|
|
@*
|
|
In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may happen that
|
|
only a single session gets shown. But if the first session on the
|
|
overwriteable media was written by xorriso then a complete
|
|
session history can be emulated.
|
|
@*
|
|
A drive which is incapable of writing may show any media as CD-ROM or DVD-ROM
|
|
with only one or two sessions on it. The last of these sessions is supposed
|
|
to be the most recent real session then.
|
|
@*
|
|
Some read-only drives and media show no usable session history at all.
|
|
Eventually option -rom_toc_scan might help.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -mount_cmd drive entity id path
|
|
@kindex -mount_cmd composes mount command line
|
|
@cindex Session, mount command line, -mount_cmd
|
|
Emit an appropriate command line for mounting the ISO session
|
|
indicated by drive, entity and id.
|
|
The result will be different on GNU/Linux and on FreeBSD.
|
|
@*
|
|
drive can be "indev" or "outdev" to indicate already acquired drives,
|
|
or it can be the path of a not yet acquired drive.
|
|
Prefix "stdio:" for non-MMC drives is not mandatory.
|
|
@*
|
|
entity must be either "sbsector" with the superblock sector address as id,
|
|
or "track" with a track number as id, or "session" with a session number,
|
|
or "volid" with a search pattern for the volume id, or "auto" with any text
|
|
as id.
|
|
@*
|
|
path will be used as mount point and must already exist as a directory on disk.
|
|
@*
|
|
The command gets printed to the result channel. See option -mount
|
|
for direct execution of this command.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -mount_opts option[:option...]
|
|
@kindex -mount_cmd controls mount command
|
|
@cindex Session, mount parameters, -mount_opts
|
|
Set options which influence -mount and -mount_cmd. Currently there is only
|
|
option "exclusive" which is default and its counterpart "shared". The latter
|
|
causes xorriso not to give up the affected drive with command -mount.
|
|
On GNU/Linux it adds mount option "loop" which may allow to mount several
|
|
sessions of the same block device at the same time. One should not write
|
|
to a mounted optical media, of course. Take care to umount all sessions
|
|
before ejecting.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -session_string drive entity id format
|
|
@kindex -session_string composes session info line
|
|
@cindex Session, info string, -session_string
|
|
Print to the result channel a text which gets composed according to
|
|
format and the parameters of the addressed session.
|
|
@*
|
|
Formats "linux:"path or "freebsd:"path produce the output of -mount_cmd
|
|
for the given operating systems.
|
|
@*
|
|
In other texts xorriso will substitute the following parameter names.
|
|
An optional prefix "string:" will be removed.
|
|
@*
|
|
"%device%" will be substituted by the mountable device path of the drive
|
|
address.
|
|
@*
|
|
"%sbsector%" will be substituted by the session start sector.
|
|
@*
|
|
"%track%", "%session%", "%volid%" will be substituted by track number,
|
|
session number, resp. volume id of the depicted session.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -print_size
|
|
@kindex -print_size predicts image size
|
|
@cindex Write, predict image size, -print_size
|
|
Print the foreseeable consumption of 2048 byte blocks
|
|
by next -commit. This can last a while as a -commit gets
|
|
prepared and only in last moment is revoked by this option.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -tell_media_space
|
|
@kindex -tell_media_space reports free space
|
|
@cindex Write, free space, -tell_media_space
|
|
Print available space on output media and the free space after
|
|
subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next -commit.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -pvd_info
|
|
@kindex -pvd_info shows image id strings
|
|
@cindex Image, show id strings, -pvd_info
|
|
Print various id strings which can be found in loaded ISO images. Some of
|
|
them may be changed by options like -volid or -publisher. For these
|
|
ids -pvd_info reports what would be written with the next -commit.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Navigation in ISO image and disk filesystem:
|
|
@node Navigate, Verify, Inquiry, Options
|
|
@section Navigation in ISO image and disk filesystem
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cd iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -cd sets working directory in ISO
|
|
@cindex Navigate, set ISO working directory, -cd
|
|
Change the current working directory in the ISO image.
|
|
This is prepended to iso_rr_paths which do not begin with '/'.
|
|
@*
|
|
It is possible to set the working directory to a path which does not exist
|
|
yet in the ISO image. The necessary parent directories will be created when
|
|
the first file object is inserted into that virtual directory.
|
|
Use -mkdir if you want to enforce the existence of the directory already at
|
|
first insertion.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cdx disk_path
|
|
@kindex -cdx sets working directory on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, set disk working directory, -cdx
|
|
Change the current working directory in the local filesystem.
|
|
To be prepended to disk_paths which do not begin with '/'.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -pwd
|
|
@*
|
|
@kindex -pwd tells working directory in ISO
|
|
@cindex Navigate, tell ISO working directory, -pwd
|
|
Tell the current working directory in the ISO image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -pwdx
|
|
@kindex -pwdx tells working directory on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, tell disk working directory, -pwdx
|
|
@*
|
|
Tell the current working directory in the local filesystem.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -ls iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -ls lists files in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list ISO files, -ls
|
|
List files in the ISO image which match shell patterns
|
|
(i.e. with wildcards '*' '?' '[a-z]').
|
|
If a pattern does not begin with '/' then it is compared with addresses
|
|
relative to -cd.
|
|
@*
|
|
Directories are listed by their content rather than as single file item.
|
|
@*
|
|
Pattern expansion may be disabled by command -iso_rr_pattern.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lsd iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lsd lists files in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list ISO files, -lsd
|
|
Like -ls but listing directories as themselves and not by their content.
|
|
This resembles shell command ls -d.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lsl iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lsl lists files in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list ISO files, -lsl
|
|
Like -ls but also list some of the file attributes.
|
|
The output format resembles shell command ls -ln.
|
|
@*
|
|
If the file has non-trivial ACL, then a '+' is appended to the permission info.
|
|
If the file is hidden, then 'I' for "iso_rr", 'J' for "joliet", resp. 'H' for
|
|
"on" gets appended. Together with ACL it is 'i', 'j', resp. 'h'.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lsdl iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lsdl lists files in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list ISO files, -lsdl
|
|
Like -lsd but also list some of the file attributes.
|
|
The output format resembles shell command ls -dln.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lsx disk_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lsx lists files on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list disk files, -lsx
|
|
List files in the local filesystem which match shell patterns. Patterns which
|
|
do not begin with '/' are used relative to -cdx.
|
|
@*
|
|
Directories are listed by their content rather than as single file item.
|
|
@*
|
|
Pattern expansion may be disabled by command -disk_pattern.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lsdx disk_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lsdx lists files on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list disk files, -lsdx
|
|
Like -lsx but listing directories as themselves and not by their content.
|
|
This resembles shell command ls -d.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lslx disk_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lslx lists files on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list disk files, -lslx
|
|
Like -lsx but also listing some of the file attributes.
|
|
Output format resembles shell command ls -ln.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -lsdlx disk_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -lsdlx lists files on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, list disk files, -lsdlx
|
|
Like -lsdx but also listing some of the file attributes.
|
|
Output format resembles shell command ls -dln.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -getfacl iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -getfacl shows ACL in ISO image
|
|
@cindex ACL, show in ISO image, -getfacl
|
|
Print the access permissions of the given files in the ISO image using the
|
|
format of shell command getfacl. If a file has no ACL then it gets fabricated
|
|
from the -chmod settings. A file may have a real ACL if it was introduced into
|
|
the ISO image while option -acl was set to "on".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -getfacl_r iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -getfacl_r shows ACL in ISO image
|
|
@cindex ACL, show in ISO image, -getfacl_r
|
|
Like -gefacl but listing recursively the whole file trees underneath eventual
|
|
directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -getfattr iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -getfattr shows xattr in ISO image
|
|
@cindex xattr, show in ISO image, -getfattr
|
|
Print the xattr of the given files in the ISO image.
|
|
If a file has no such xattr then noting is printed for it.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -getfattr_r iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -getfattr_r shows xattr in ISO image
|
|
@cindex xattr, show in ISO image, -getfattr_r
|
|
Like -gefattr but listing recursively the whole file trees underneath eventual
|
|
directories.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -du iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -du show directory size in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Navigate, directory size in ISO image, -du
|
|
Recursively list size of directories and files in the ISO image
|
|
which match one of the patterns.
|
|
similar to shell command du -k.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dus iso_rr_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -dus show directory size in ISO image
|
|
@cindex Navigate, directory size in ISO image, -dus
|
|
List size of directories and files in the ISO image
|
|
which match one of the patterns.
|
|
Similar to shell command du -sk.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dux disk_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -dux show directory size on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, directory size in on disk, -dux
|
|
Recursively list size of directories and files in the local filesystem
|
|
which match one of the patterns. Similar to shell command du -k.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -dusx disk_pattern [***]
|
|
@kindex -dusx show directory size on disk
|
|
@cindex Navigate, directory size in on disk, -dusx
|
|
List size of directories and files in the local filesystem
|
|
which match one of the patterns.
|
|
Similar to shell command du -sk.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -findx disk_path [-name pattern] [-type t] [-exec action [params]] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -findx traverses disk tree
|
|
@cindex Tree, disk, traverse, -findx
|
|
Like -find but operating on local filesystem and not on the ISO image.
|
|
This is subject to the settings of -follow.
|
|
@*
|
|
-findx accepts the same -type arguments as -find. Additionally it recognizes
|
|
type "mountpoint" (or "m") which matches subdirectories which reside on a
|
|
different device than their parent. It never matches the disk_path
|
|
given as start address for -findx.
|
|
@*
|
|
-findx accepts the -exec actions as does -find. But except the following few
|
|
actions it will always perform action "echo".
|
|
@*
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@item in_iso
|
|
reports the path if its counterpart exists in the ISO image.
|
|
For this the disk_path of the -findx command gets replaced
|
|
by the iso_rr_path given as parameter.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -findx /home/thomas -exec in_iso /thomas_on_cd @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item not_in_iso
|
|
reports the path if its counterpart does
|
|
not exist in the ISO image. The report format is the same as with command
|
|
-compare.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item add_missing iso_rr_path_start
|
|
adds the counterpart if it does not yet
|
|
exist in the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
E.g.: -findx /home/thomas -exec add_missing /thomas_on_cd @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@item is_full_in_iso
|
|
reports if the counterpart in the ISO image
|
|
contains files. To be used with -type "m" to report mount points.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item empty_iso_dir
|
|
deletes all files from the counterpart
|
|
in the ISO image. To be used with -type "m" to truncate mount points.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item estimate_size
|
|
prints a lower and an upper estimation of the number of blocks which the
|
|
found files together will occupy in the emerging ISO image.
|
|
This does not account for the superblock,
|
|
for the directories in the -findx path, or for image padding.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -compare disk_path iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -compare reports ISO/disk differences
|
|
@cindex Verify, compare ISO and disk file, -compare
|
|
Compare attributes and eventual data file content of a fileobject in the
|
|
local filesystem with a file object in the ISO image. The iso_rr_path may
|
|
well point to an image file object which is not yet committed, i.e. of which
|
|
the data content still resides in the local filesystem. Such data content is
|
|
prone to externally caused changes.
|
|
@*
|
|
If iso_rr_path is empty then disk_path is used as path in the ISO image too.
|
|
@*
|
|
Differing attributes are reported in detail, differing content is summarized.
|
|
Both to the result channel. In case of no differences no result lines are
|
|
emitted.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -compare_r disk_path iso_rr_path
|
|
@kindex -compare_r reports ISO/disk differences
|
|
@cindex Verify, compare ISO and disk tree, -compare_r
|
|
Like -compare but working recursively. I.e. all file objects below both
|
|
addresses get compared whether they have counterparts below the other address
|
|
and whether both counterparts match.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -compare_l disk_prefix iso_rr_prefix disk_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -compare_l reports ISO/disk differences
|
|
@cindex Verify, compare ISO and disk, -compare_l
|
|
Perform -compare_r with each of the disk_path arguments. iso_rr_path will be
|
|
composed from disk_path by replacing disk_prefix by iso_rr_prefix.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -show_stream iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -show_stream shows data source and filters
|
|
@cindex Filter, show chain, -show_stream
|
|
Display the content stream chain of data files in the ISO image. The chain
|
|
consists of the iso_rr_name and one or more streams, separated by " < " marks.
|
|
A stream consists of one or more texts eventually in ''-quotation marks,
|
|
eventually separated by ":" characters. The first text describes the stream
|
|
type, the following ones describe its individual properties.
|
|
Frequently used types are:
|
|
@*
|
|
disk:'disk_path' for local filesystem objects.
|
|
@*
|
|
image:'iso_rr_path' for ISO image file objects.
|
|
@*
|
|
cout:'disk_path offset count' for -cut_out files.
|
|
@*
|
|
extf:'filter_name' for external filters.
|
|
@*
|
|
Example:
|
|
@*
|
|
'/abc/xyz.gz' < extf:'gzip' < disk:'/home/me/x'
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -show_stream_r iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -show_stream_r shows data source and filters
|
|
@cindex Filter, show chains of tree, -show_stream_r
|
|
Like -show_stream but working recursively.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Evaluation of readability and recovery:
|
|
@node Verify, Restore, Navigate, Options
|
|
@section Evaluation of readability and recovery
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
It is not uncommon that optical media produce read errors. The reasons may be
|
|
various and get obscured by error correction which is performed by the drives
|
|
and based on extra data on the media. If a drive returns data then one can
|
|
quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree of read problems the
|
|
correction will fail and the drive is supposed to indicate error.
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso can scan the media for readable data blocks, classify them according
|
|
to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of successfuly saved
|
|
blocks for further tries on the same media.
|
|
@*
|
|
By option -md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole
|
|
sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded image.
|
|
They work independently of the media type and can detect transmission errors.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -check_media [option [option ...]] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -check_media reads media block by block
|
|
@cindex Verify, check blocks, -check_media
|
|
@cindex Recovery, retrieve blocks, -check_media
|
|
Try to read data blocks from the indev drive, eventually copy them to a
|
|
disk file, and finally report about the encountered quality. Several options
|
|
may be used to modify the default behavior.
|
|
@*
|
|
The options given with this command override the default settings which
|
|
may have been changed by option -check_media_defaults. See there for a
|
|
description of options.
|
|
@*
|
|
The result list tells intervals of 2 KiB blocks with start address, number
|
|
of blocks and quality. Qualities which begin with "+" are
|
|
supposed to be valid readable data. Qualities with "-" are unreadable or
|
|
corrupted data.
|
|
"0" indicates qualities which are not covered by the check run or are regularly
|
|
allowed to be unreadable (e.g. gaps between tracks).
|
|
@*
|
|
Alternatively it is possible to report damaged files rather than blocks.
|
|
@*
|
|
If -md5 is "on" then the default mode what=tracks looks out for libisofs
|
|
checksum tags for the ISO session data and eventually checks them
|
|
against the checksums computed from the data stream.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -check_media_defaults [option [option ...]] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -check_media_defaults sets -check_media options
|
|
@cindex Verify, preset -check_media, -check_media_defaults
|
|
Preset options for runs of -check_media, -extract_cut and best_effort
|
|
file extraction. Eventual options given with -check_media will override the
|
|
preset options. -extract_cut will override some options automatically.
|
|
@*
|
|
An option consists of a keyword, a "=" character, and a value. Options
|
|
may override each other. So their sequence matters.
|
|
@*
|
|
The default setting at program start is:
|
|
@*
|
|
use=indev what=tracks min_lba=-1 max_lba=-1 retry=default
|
|
@*
|
|
time_limit=28800 item_limit=100000 data_to='' event=ALL
|
|
@*
|
|
abort_file=/var/opt/xorriso/do_abort_check_media
|
|
@*
|
|
sector_map='' map_with_volid=off patch_lba0=off report=blocks
|
|
@*
|
|
bad_limit=valid slow_limit=1.0 chunk_size=0s
|
|
@*
|
|
Option "reset=now" restores these startup defaults.
|
|
@*
|
|
Non-default options are:
|
|
@*
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@item report="files"
|
|
lists the files which use damaged blocks (not with use=outdev).
|
|
The format is like with find -exec report_damage.
|
|
Note that a MD5 session mismatch marks all files of the session as damaged.
|
|
If finer distinction is desired, perform -md5 off before -check_media.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item report="blocks_files"
|
|
first lists damaged blocks and then affected files.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item use="outdev"
|
|
reads from the output drive instead of the input drive. This
|
|
avoids loading the ISO image tree from media.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item use="sector_map"
|
|
does not read any media but loads the file given by option
|
|
sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item what="disc"
|
|
scans the payload range of a media without respecting track gaps.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item min_lba=limit
|
|
omits all blocks with addresses lower than limit.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item max_lba=limit
|
|
switches to what=disc and omits all blocks above limit.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item retry="on"
|
|
forces read retries with single blocks when the normal read
|
|
chunk produces a read error. By default, retries are only enabled with CD
|
|
media. "retry=off" forbits retries for all media types.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item abort_file=disk_path
|
|
gives the path of the file which may abort a scan run. Abort
|
|
happens if the file exists and its mtime is not older than the start time
|
|
of the run. Use shell command "touch" to trigger this.
|
|
Other than an aborted program run, this will report the tested and untested
|
|
blocks and go on with running xorriso.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item time_limit=seconds
|
|
gives the number of seconds after which the scan shall be
|
|
aborted. This is useful for unattended scanning of media which may else
|
|
overwork the drive in its effort to squeeze out some readable blocks.
|
|
Abort may be delayed by the drive gnawing on the last single read operation.
|
|
Value -1 means unlimited time.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item item_limit=number
|
|
gives the number of report list items after which to abort.
|
|
Value -1 means unlimited item number.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item data_to=disk_path
|
|
copies the valid blocks to the given file.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item event=severity
|
|
sets the given severity for a problem event which shall be issued at
|
|
the end of a check run if data blocks were unreadable or failed to match
|
|
recorded MD5 checksums. Severity "ALL" disables this event.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item sector_map=disk_path
|
|
tries to read the file given by disk_path as
|
|
sector bitmap and to store such a map file after the scan run.
|
|
The bitmap tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous runs.
|
|
It allows to do several scans on the same media, eventually with intermediate
|
|
eject, in order to collect readable blocks whenever the drive is lucky enough
|
|
to produce them. The stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks
|
|
and their start block addresses, followed by binary bitmap data.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item map_with_volid="on"
|
|
examines tracks whether they are ISO images and eventually
|
|
prints their volume ids into the human readable TOC of sector_map=.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item patch_lba0="on"
|
|
transfers within the data_to= file a copy of the currently
|
|
loaded session head to the start of that file and patches it to be valid
|
|
at that position.
|
|
This makes the loaded session the default session of the image file
|
|
when it gets mounted or loaded as stdio: drive. But it usually makes
|
|
the original session 1 inaccessible.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item patch_lba0="force"
|
|
performs patch_lba0="on" even if xorriso believes
|
|
that the copied data are not valid.
|
|
@*
|
|
patch_lba0= may also bear a number. If it is 32 or higher it is taken as
|
|
start address of the session to be copied. In this case it is not necessary to
|
|
have an -indev and a loaded image. ":force" may be appended after the number.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item bad_limit=threshold
|
|
sets the highest quality which shall be considered as damage.
|
|
Choose one of "good", "md5_match", "slow", "partial", "valid", "untested",
|
|
"invalid", "tao_end", "off_track", "md5_mismatch", "unreadable".
|
|
@*
|
|
@item slow_limit=threshold
|
|
sets the time threshold for a single read chunk to be considered
|
|
slow. This may be a fractional number like 0.1 or 1.5.
|
|
@*
|
|
@item chunk_size=size
|
|
sets the number of bytes to be read in one read operation.
|
|
This gets rounded down to full blocks of 2048 bytes. 0 means automatic size.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@kindex -check_md5 verifies file checksum
|
|
@cindex Verify, file checksum, -check_md5
|
|
@item -check_md5 severity iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
Compare the data content of the given files in the loaded image with their
|
|
recorded MD5 checksums, if there are any. In case of any mismatch an event of
|
|
the given severity is issued. It may then be handled by appropriate settings of
|
|
options -abort_on or -return_with which both can cause non-zero exit values
|
|
of the program run. Severity ALL suppresses that event.
|
|
@*
|
|
This option reports match and mismatch of data files to the result channel.
|
|
Non-data files cause NOTE events. There will also be UPDATE events from
|
|
data reading.
|
|
@*
|
|
If no iso_rr_path is given then the whole loaded session is compared with its
|
|
MD5 sum. Be aware that this covers only one session and not the whole image
|
|
if there are older sessions.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -check_md5_r severity iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -check_md5_r verifies file tree checksums
|
|
@cindex Verify, file tree checksums, -check_md5_r
|
|
Like -check_md5 but checking all data files underneath the given paths.
|
|
Only mismatching data files will be reported.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B osirrox ISO-to-disk restore options:
|
|
@node Restore, Emulation, Verify, Options
|
|
@section osirrox ISO-to-disk restore options
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
Normally xorriso only writes to disk files which were given as stdio:
|
|
pseudo-drives or as log files.
|
|
But its alter ego osirrox is able to extract file objects
|
|
from ISO images and to create, overwrite, or delete file objects on disk.
|
|
@*
|
|
Disk file exclusions by -not_mgt, -not_leaf, -not_paths apply.
|
|
If disk file objects already exist then the settings of -overwrite and
|
|
-reassure apply. But -overwrite "on" only triggers the behavior
|
|
of -overwrite "nondir". I.e. directories cannot be deleted.
|
|
@*
|
|
Access permissions of files in the ISO image do not restrict restoring.
|
|
The directory permissions on disk have to allow rwx.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -osirrox "on"|"device_files"|"off"|"banned"|[:option:...]
|
|
@kindex -osirrox enables ISO-to-disk copying
|
|
@cindex Restore, enable ISO-to-disk, -osirrox
|
|
Setting "off" disables disk filesystem manipulations. This is the default
|
|
unless the program was started with leafname "osirrox". Elsewise
|
|
the capability to restore files can be enabled explicitly by -osirrox "on".
|
|
It can be irrevocably disabled by -osirrox "banned".
|
|
@*
|
|
To enable restoring of special files by "device_files" is potentially
|
|
dangerous.
|
|
The meaning of the number st_rdev (see man 2 stat) depends much on the
|
|
operating system. Best is to restore device files only to the same system
|
|
from where they were copied. If not enabled, device files in the ISO image
|
|
are ignored during restore operations.
|
|
@*
|
|
Due to a bug of previous versions, device files from previous sessions might
|
|
have been altered to major=0, minor=1. So this combination does not get
|
|
restored.
|
|
@*
|
|
Option "concat_split_on" is default. It enables restoring of split file
|
|
directories as data files if the directory contains a complete collection
|
|
of -cut_out part files. With option "concat_split_off" such directories are
|
|
handled like any other ISO image directory.
|
|
@*
|
|
Option "auto_chmod_off" is default. If "auto_chmod_on" is set then access
|
|
restrictions for disk directories get circumvented if those directories
|
|
are owned by the effective user who runs xorriso. This happens by temporarily
|
|
granting rwx permission to the owner.
|
|
@*
|
|
Option "sort_lba_on" may improve read performance with optical drives. It
|
|
allows to restore large numbers of hard links without exhausting
|
|
-temp_mem_limit. It does not preserve directory mtime and it needs
|
|
-osirrox option auto_chmod_on in order to extract directories which offer no
|
|
write permission. Default is "sort_lba_off".
|
|
@*
|
|
Option "o_excl_on" is the default unless the program was started with leafname
|
|
"osirrox". On GNU/Linux it tries to avoid using drives which are mounted or in
|
|
use by other libburn programs.
|
|
Option "o_excl_off" allows on GNU/Linux to access such drives. Drives which
|
|
get acquired while "o_excl_off" will refuse to get blanked, formatted,
|
|
written, or ejected. But be aware that even harmless inquiries can spoil
|
|
ongoing burns of CD-R[W] and DVD-R[W].
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -extract iso_rr_path disk_path
|
|
@kindex -extract copies file tree to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy file tree to disk, -extract
|
|
Copy the file objects at and underneath iso_rr_path to their corresponding
|
|
addresses at and underneath disk_path.
|
|
This is the inverse of -map or -update_r.
|
|
@*
|
|
If iso_rr_path is a directory and disk_path is an existing directory then
|
|
both trees will be merged. Directory attributes get extracted only if the disk
|
|
directory is newly created by the copy operation.
|
|
Disk files get removed only if they are to be replaced
|
|
by file objects from the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
As many attributes as possible are copied together with restored
|
|
file objects.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -extract_single iso_rr_path disk_path
|
|
@kindex -extract_single copies file to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy file to disk, -extract_single
|
|
Like -extract, but if iso_rr_path is a directory then its sub tree gets not
|
|
restored.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -extract_l iso_rr_prefix disk_prefix iso_rr_path [***]
|
|
@kindex -extract_l copies files to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy files to disk, -extract_l
|
|
Perform -extract with each of the iso_rr_path arguments. disk_path will be
|
|
composed from iso_rr_path by replacing iso_rr_prefix by disk_prefix.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -extract_cut iso_rr_path byte_offset byte_count disk_path
|
|
@kindex -extract_cut copies file piece to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy file piece to disk, -extract_cut
|
|
Copy a byte interval from a data file out of an ISO image into a newly created
|
|
disk file.
|
|
The main purpose for this is to allow handling of large files if they
|
|
are not supported by mount -t iso9660 and if the reading system is unable
|
|
to buffer them as a whole.
|
|
@*
|
|
If the data bytes of iso_rr_path are stored in the loaded ISO image,
|
|
and no filter is applied,
|
|
and byte_offset is a multiple of 2048, then a special run of -check_media
|
|
is performed. It may be quicker and more rugged than the general reading
|
|
method.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cpx iso_rr_path [***] disk_path
|
|
@kindex -cpx copies files to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy files to disk, -cpx
|
|
Copy single leaf file objects from the ISO image to the address given by
|
|
disk_path. If more then one iso_rr_path is given then
|
|
disk_path must be a directory or non-existent. In the latter case it gets
|
|
created and the extracted files get installed in it with the same leafnames.
|
|
@*
|
|
Missing directory components in disk_path will get created, if possible.
|
|
@*
|
|
Directories are allowed as iso_rr_path only with -osirrox "concat_split_on"
|
|
and only if they actually represent a complete collection of -cut_out split
|
|
file parts.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cpax iso_rr_path [***] disk_path
|
|
@kindex -cpax copies files to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy files to disk, -cpax
|
|
Like -cpx but restoring mtime, atime as in ISO image and trying to set
|
|
ownership and group as in ISO image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cp_rx iso_rr_path [***] disk_path
|
|
@kindex -cp_rx copies file trees to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy file trees to disk, -cp_rx
|
|
Like -cpx but also extracting whole directory trees from the ISO image.
|
|
@*
|
|
The resulting disk paths are determined as with shell command cp -r :
|
|
If disk_path is an existing directory then the trees will be inserted or merged
|
|
underneath this directory and will keep their leaf names. The ISO directory "/"
|
|
has no leaf name and thus gets mapped directly to disk_path.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -cp_rax iso_rr_path [***] disk_path
|
|
@kindex -cp_rx copies file trees to disk
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy file trees to disk, -cp_rx
|
|
Like -cp_rx but restoring mtime, atime as in ISO image and trying to set
|
|
ownership and group as in ISO image.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -paste_in iso_rr_path disk_path byte_offset byte_count
|
|
@kindex -paste_in copies file into disk file
|
|
@cindex Restore, copy file into disk file, -paste_in
|
|
Read the content of a ISO data file and write it into a data file on disk
|
|
beginning at the byte_offset. Write at most byte_count bytes.
|
|
This is the inverse of option -cut_out.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -mount drive entity id path
|
|
@kindex -mount issues mount command for ISO session
|
|
@cindex Session, issue mount command, -mount
|
|
Produce the same line as -mount_cmd and then execute it as external program run
|
|
after giving up the depicted drive. See also -mount_opts.
|
|
This demands -osirrox to be enabled and normally will succeed only for the
|
|
superuser. For safety reasons the mount program is only executed if it is
|
|
reachable as /bin/mount or /sbin/mount.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Command compatibility emulations:
|
|
@node Emulation, Scripting, Restore, Options
|
|
@section Command compatibility emulations (cdrtools)
|
|
@c man .PP
|
|
Writing of ISO 9660 on CD is traditionally done by program mkisofs
|
|
as ISO 9660 image producer and cdrecord as burn program.
|
|
xorriso does not strive for their comprehensive emulation.
|
|
Nevertheless it is ready to perform some of its core tasks under control
|
|
of commands which in said programs trigger comparable actions.
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -as personality option [options] @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@kindex -as emulates mkisofs or cdrecord
|
|
@cindex Emulation, -as
|
|
@*
|
|
Perform the variable length option list as sparse emulation of the program
|
|
depicted by the personality word.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
@cindex Emulation, mkisofs, -as
|
|
@cindex mkisofs, Emulation
|
|
Personality "@strong{mkisofs}" accepts the options listed with:
|
|
@*
|
|
-as mkisofs -help @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
Among them: -R (always on), -r, -J, -o, -M, -C, -dir-mode, -file-mode,
|
|
-path-list, -m, -exclude-list,
|
|
-f, -print-size, -pad, -no-pad, -V, -v, -version, -graft-points, -z,
|
|
-no-emul-boot, -b, -c, -boot-info-table, -boot-load-size, -input-charset, -G,
|
|
-output-charset, -U, -hide, -hide-joliet, -hide-list, -hide-joliet-list,
|
|
file paths and pathspecs.
|
|
A lot of options are not supported and lead to failure of the mkisofs
|
|
emulation. Some are ignored, but better do not rely on this tolerance.
|
|
@*
|
|
-graft-points is equivalent to -pathspecs on. Note that pathspecs without "="
|
|
are interpreted differently than with xorriso option -add. Directories get
|
|
merged with the root directory of the ISO image, other filetypes get mapped
|
|
into that root directory.
|
|
@*
|
|
Other than with the "cdrecord" personality there is no automatic -commit at
|
|
the end of a "mkisofs" option list. Verbosity settings -v (= "UPDATE") and
|
|
-quiet (= "SORRY") persist. The output file, eventually chosen with -o,
|
|
persists until things happen like -commit, -rollback, -dev, or end of xorriso.
|
|
-pacifier gets set to "mkisofs" if files are added to the image.
|
|
@*
|
|
If pathspecs are given and if no output file was chosen before or during the
|
|
"mkisofs" option list, then standard output (-outdev "-") will get into effect.
|
|
If -o points to a regular file, then it will be truncated to 0 bytes
|
|
when finally writing begins. This truncation does not happen if the drive
|
|
is chosen by xorriso options before -as mkisofs or after its list delimiter.
|
|
Directories and symbolic links are no valid -o targets.
|
|
@*
|
|
Writing to stdout is possible only if -as "mkisofs" was among the start
|
|
arguments or if other start arguments pointed the output drive to
|
|
standard output.
|
|
@*
|
|
-print-size inhibits automatic image production at program end. This ban is
|
|
lifted only if the pending image changes get discarded.
|
|
@*
|
|
Not original mkisofs options are @minus{}@minus{}quoted_path_list ,
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}hardlinks , @minus{}@minus{}acl ,
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}xattr , @minus{}@minus{}md5 , @minus{}@minus{}stdio_sync .
|
|
They work like the xorriso options with the
|
|
same name and hardcoded argument "on", e.g. -acl "on".
|
|
Explicit arguments are expected by @minus{}@minus{}stdio_sync
|
|
and @minus{}@minus{}scdbackup_tag.
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}no-emul-toc is -compliance no_emul_toc.
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}sort-weight gets as arguments a number and an iso_rr_path.
|
|
The number becomes the LBA sorting weight of regular file iso_rr_path or
|
|
of all regular files underneath directory iso_rr_path.
|
|
(See -find -exec sort_weight).
|
|
@*
|
|
Adopted from grub-mkisofs are @minus{}@minus{}protective-msdos-label
|
|
(see -boot_image grub partition_table=on) and
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}modification-date=YYYYMMDDhhmmsscc
|
|
(see -volume_date uuid). For EFI bootable GRUB boot images use
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}efi-boot.
|
|
It performs @minus{}boot_image grub efi_path= surrounded by two
|
|
@minus{}boot_image "any" "next".
|
|
Alternative option @minus{}e from Fedora genisoimage sets bin_path and
|
|
platform_id for EFI, but performs no "next".
|
|
@*
|
|
For MBR bootable ISOLINUX images there is -isohybrid-mbr FILE, where
|
|
FILE is one of the Syslinux files mbr/isohdp[fp]x*.bin . Use this
|
|
instead of -G to apply the effect of -boot_image isolinux partition_table=on.
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}boot-catalog-hide is -boot_image any cat_hidden=on.
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}mips-boot is the same as -boot_image any mips_path= .
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}mipsel-boot leads to mipsel_path= .
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}partition_offset number is
|
|
@minus{}boot_image any partition_offset=number.
|
|
@*
|
|
Option @minus{}append_partition is supported.
|
|
@*
|
|
The options of genisoimage Jigdo Template Extraction are recognized and
|
|
performed via xorriso option -jigdo. See the "Alias:" names there for the
|
|
meaning of the genisoimage options.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
Personalites "@strong{xorrisofs}", "@strong{genisoimage}",
|
|
and "@strong{genisofs}" are aliases for "mkisofs".
|
|
@*
|
|
If xorriso is started with one of the leafnames "xorrisofs", "genisofs",
|
|
"mkisofs", or "genisoimage", then it performs -read_mkisofsrc and prepends
|
|
-as "genisofs" to the command line arguments.
|
|
I.e. all arguments will be interpreted mkisofs style until "@minus{}@minus{}"
|
|
is encountered.
|
|
From then on, options are interpreted as xorriso options.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
@cindex Emulation, cdrecord, -as
|
|
@cindex cdrecord, Emulation
|
|
Personality "@strong{cdrecord}" accepts the options listed with:
|
|
@*
|
|
-as cdrecord -help @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
Among them: -v, dev=, speed=, blank=, fs=, -eject, -atip, padsize=, tsize=,
|
|
-isosize, -multi, -msinfo, @minus{}@minus{}grow_overwriteable_iso,
|
|
write_start_address=,
|
|
track source file path or "-" for standard input as track source.
|
|
@*
|
|
It ignores most other options of cdrecord and cdrskin but refuses on
|
|
-audio, -scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to xorriso.
|
|
@*
|
|
The scope is only a single data track per session to be written
|
|
to blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The media gets closed if
|
|
closing is applicable and not option -multi is present.
|
|
@*
|
|
An eventually acquired input drive is given up.
|
|
This is only allowed if no image changes are pending.
|
|
@*
|
|
dev= must be given as xorriso device address. Addresses like 0,0,0 or ATA:1,1,0
|
|
are not supported.
|
|
@*
|
|
If a track source is given, then an automatic -commit happens at the end of
|
|
the "cdrecord" option list.
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}@minus{}grow_overwriteable_iso
|
|
enables emulation of multi-session on overwriteable
|
|
media. To enable emulation of a TOC, the first session needs -C 0,32 with
|
|
-as mkisofs (but no -M) and @minus{}@minus{}grow_overwriteable_iso
|
|
write_start_address=32s with -as cdrecord.
|
|
@*
|
|
A much more elaborate libburn based cdrecord emulator is the program cdrskin.
|
|
@*
|
|
Personalites "@strong{xorrecord}", "@strong{wodim}", and "@strong{cdrskin}"
|
|
are aliases for "cdrecord".
|
|
@*
|
|
If xorriso is started with one of the leafnames "xorrecord", "cdrskin",
|
|
"cdrecord", or "wodim", then it automatically prepends -as "cdrskin"
|
|
to the command line arguments. I.e. all arguments will be interpreted cdrecord
|
|
style until "@minus{}@minus{}" is encountered and an eventual commit happens.
|
|
From then on, options are interpreted as xorriso options.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -read_mkisofsrc
|
|
@kindex -read_mkisofsrc searches and reads .mkisofsrc file
|
|
@cindex Emulation, .mkisofsrc, -read_mkisofsrc
|
|
Try one by one to open for reading:
|
|
./.mkisofsrc , $MKISOFSRC , $HOME/.mkisofsrc , $(dirname $0)/.mkisofsrc
|
|
@*
|
|
On success interpret the file content as of man mkisofs CONFIGURATION,
|
|
and end this command. Do not try further files.
|
|
The last address is used only if start argument 0 has a non-trivial dirname.
|
|
@*
|
|
The reader currently interprets the following NAME=VALUE pairs:
|
|
APPI (-application_id) , PUBL (-publisher) , SYSI (-system_id) ,
|
|
VOLI (-volid) , VOLS (-volset_id)
|
|
@*
|
|
Any other lines will be silently ignored.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -pacifier behavior_code
|
|
@kindex -pacifier controls pacifier text form
|
|
@cindex Emulation, pacifier form, -pacifier
|
|
Control behavior of UPDATE pacifiers during write operations.
|
|
The following behavior codes are defined:
|
|
@*
|
|
"xorriso" is the default format:
|
|
@*
|
|
Writing: sector XXXXX of YYYYYY [fifo active, nn% fill]
|
|
@*
|
|
"cdrecord" looks like:
|
|
@*
|
|
X of Y MB written (fifo nn%) [buf mmm%]
|
|
@*
|
|
"mkisofs"
|
|
@*
|
|
nn% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 15 20:13:28 2008
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -scdbackup_tag list_path record_name
|
|
@kindex -scdbackup_tag enables scdbackup checksum tag
|
|
@cindex Backup, scdbackup checksum tag, -scdbackup
|
|
Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record.
|
|
It will be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the -md5 session tag if
|
|
the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as first
|
|
session onto a sequential media, or piped into a program, named pipe or
|
|
character device.
|
|
@*
|
|
If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to the
|
|
data file given by this path.
|
|
@*
|
|
Program scdbackup_verify will recognize and verify tag resp. record.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Scripting, dialog and program control features:
|
|
@node Scripting, Frontend, Emulation, Options
|
|
@section Scripting, dialog and program control features
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -no_rc
|
|
@kindex -no_rc disables startup files
|
|
@cindex Process, disable startup files, -no_rc
|
|
@*
|
|
Only if used as first command line argument this option
|
|
prevents reading and interpretation of eventual startup
|
|
files. See section FILES below.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -options_from_file fileaddress
|
|
@kindex -options_from_file reads commands from file
|
|
@cindex Process, read command file, -options_from_file
|
|
Read quoted input from fileaddress and executes it like dialog lines.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -help
|
|
@kindex -help prints help text
|
|
@cindex Program, print help text, -help
|
|
@*
|
|
Print helptext.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -version
|
|
@kindex -version prints help text
|
|
@cindex Program, print version, -version
|
|
Print program name and version, component versions, license.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -history textline
|
|
@kindex -history brings text into readline history
|
|
@cindex Dialog, bring text into history, -history
|
|
Copy textline into libreadline history.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -status mode|filter
|
|
@kindex -status shows current settings
|
|
@cindex Program, show current settings, -status
|
|
Print the current settings of xorriso.
|
|
Modes:
|
|
@*
|
|
short... print only important or altered settings
|
|
@*
|
|
long ... print all settings including defaults
|
|
@*
|
|
long_history like long plus history lines
|
|
@*
|
|
Filters begin with '-' and are compared literally against the
|
|
output lines of -status:long_history. A line is put out only
|
|
if its start matches the filter text. No wildcards.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -status_history_max number
|
|
@kindex -status_history_max curbs -status history
|
|
@cindex Program, status history, -status_history_max
|
|
Set maximum number of history lines to be reported with -status "long_history".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -list_delimiter word
|
|
@kindex -list_delimiter replaces '@minus{}@minus{}'
|
|
@cindex Program, replace @minus{}@minus{}, -list_delimiter
|
|
Set the list delimiter to be used instead of "@minus{}@minus{}".
|
|
It has to be a single word,
|
|
must not be empty, not longer than 80 characters, and must not contain
|
|
quotation marks.
|
|
@*
|
|
For brevity the list delimiter is referred as "@minus{}@minus{}"
|
|
throughout this text.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -backslash_codes "on"|"off"|mode[:mode]
|
|
@kindex -backslash_codes enables backslash conversion
|
|
@cindex Program, backslash conversion, -backslash_codes
|
|
Enable or disable the interpretation of symbolic representations of special
|
|
characters with quoted input, or with program arguments, or with program
|
|
text output. If enabled the following translations apply:
|
|
@*
|
|
\a=bell(007) \b=backspace(010) \e=Escape(033) \f=formfeed(014)
|
|
@*
|
|
\n=linefeed(012) \r=carriage_return(015) \t=tab(011)
|
|
@*
|
|
\v=vtab(013) \\=backslash(134) \[0-7][0-7][0-7]=octal_code
|
|
@*
|
|
\x[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]=hex_code \cC=control-C
|
|
@*
|
|
Translations can occur with quoted input in 3 modes:
|
|
@*
|
|
"in_double_quotes" translates only inside " quotation.
|
|
@*
|
|
"in_quotes" translates inside " and ' quotation.
|
|
@*
|
|
"with_quoted_input" translates inside and outside quotes.
|
|
@*
|
|
With the start program arguments there is mode:
|
|
@*
|
|
"with_program_arguments" translates all program arguments.
|
|
@*
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "encode_output" encodes output characters. It combines "encode_results"
|
|
with "encode_infos". Inside single or double quotation marks encoding applies
|
|
to ASCII characters octal 001 to 037 , 177 to 377 and to backslash(134).
|
|
Outside quotation marks some harmless control characters stay unencoded:
|
|
bell(007), backspace(010), tab(011), linefeed(012), formfeed(014),
|
|
carriage_return(015).
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode "off" is default and disables any translation.
|
|
Mode "on" is
|
|
"with_quoted_input:with_program_arguments:encode_output".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -temp_mem_limit number["k"|"m"]
|
|
@kindex -temp_mem_limit curbs memory consumption
|
|
@cindex Program, curb memory, -temp_mem_limit
|
|
Set the maximum size of temporary memory to be used for image dependent
|
|
buffering. Currently this applies to pattern expansion, LBA sorting,
|
|
restoring of hard links.
|
|
@*
|
|
Default is 16m = 16 MiB, minimum 64k = 64 kiB, maximum 1024m = 1 GiB.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -print text
|
|
@kindex -print prints text line
|
|
@cindex Program, print text line, -print
|
|
Print a text to result channel.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -prompt text
|
|
@kindex -prompt prompts for enter key
|
|
@cindex Program, prompt for enter key, -prompt
|
|
Show text at beginning of output line and
|
|
wait for the user to hit the Enter key
|
|
resp. to send a line via stdin.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -errfile_log mode path|channel
|
|
@kindex -errfile_log logs problematic disk files
|
|
@cindex Write, log problematic disk files, -errfile_log
|
|
@*
|
|
If problem events are related to input files from the filesystem, then their
|
|
disk_paths can be logged to a file or to output channels R or I.
|
|
@*
|
|
Mode can either be "plain" or "marked". The latter causes marker lines which
|
|
give the time of log start, burn session start, burn session end, log end
|
|
or program end. In mode "plain", only the file paths are logged.
|
|
@*
|
|
If path is "-" or "-R" then the log is directed to the result channel.
|
|
Path "-I" directs it to the info message channel. Any text that does not
|
|
begin with "-" is used as path for a file to append the log lines.
|
|
@*
|
|
Problematic files can be recorded multiple times during one program run.
|
|
If the program run aborts then the list might not be complete because
|
|
some input file arguments might not have been processed at all.
|
|
@*
|
|
The errfile paths are transported as messages of very low severity "ERRFILE".
|
|
This transport becomes visible with -report_about "ALL".
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -session_log path
|
|
@kindex -session_log logs written sessions
|
|
@cindex Write, log written sessions, -session_log
|
|
@cindex Session, log when written, -session_log
|
|
If path is not empty it gives the address of a plain text file where
|
|
a log record gets appended after each session. This log can be used to
|
|
determine the start_lba of a session for mount options -o sbsector=
|
|
resp. -s from date or volume id.
|
|
@*
|
|
Record format is: timestamp start_lba size volume-id
|
|
@*
|
|
The first three items are single words, the rest of the line is the volume id.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -scsi_log "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -scsi_log reports SCSI commands
|
|
@cindex Drive, report SCSI commands, -scsi_log
|
|
Mode "on" enables very verbous logging of SCSI commands and drive replies.
|
|
Logging messages get printed to stderr, not to any of the xorriso output
|
|
channels.
|
|
@*
|
|
A special property of this option is that the first -scsi_log setting
|
|
among the start arguments is in effect already when the first operations
|
|
of xorriso begin. Only "-scsi_log" with dash "-" is recognized that way.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -end
|
|
@kindex -end writes pending session and ends program
|
|
@cindex Process, end program and write, -end
|
|
@cindex Program, end and write, -end
|
|
@*
|
|
End program after writing eventually pending changes.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -rollback_end
|
|
@kindex -rollback_end ends program without writing
|
|
@cindex Program, end without writing, -rollback_end
|
|
@cindex Process, end program, no writing, -rollback_end
|
|
Discard pending changes. End program immediately.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item # any text
|
|
@kindex # starts a comment line
|
|
@cindex Comment, #
|
|
Only in dialog or file execution mode, and only as first
|
|
non-whitespace in line:
|
|
Do not execute the line but eventually store it in history.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man .B Support for frontend programs via stdin and stdout:
|
|
@node Frontend, ExDevices, Scripting, Options
|
|
@section Support for frontend programs via stdin and stdout
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -pkt_output "on"|"off"
|
|
@kindex -pkt_output consolidates text output
|
|
@cindex Process, consolidate text output, -pkt_output
|
|
Consolidate text output on stdout and classify each
|
|
line by a channel indicator:
|
|
@*
|
|
'R:' for result lines,
|
|
@*
|
|
'I:' for notes and error messages,
|
|
@*
|
|
'M:' for -mark texts.
|
|
@*
|
|
Next is a decimal number of which only bit 0 has a meaning for now.
|
|
0 means no newline at end of payload, 1 means that the newline character at
|
|
the end of the output line belongs to the payload. After another colon and
|
|
a blank follows the payload text.
|
|
@*
|
|
Example:
|
|
@*
|
|
I:1: enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -logfile channel fileaddress
|
|
@kindex -logfile logs output channels to file
|
|
@cindex Process, log output channels to file, -logfile
|
|
Copy output of a channel to the given file. Channel may be one of: "." for all
|
|
channels, "I" for info messages, "R" for result lines, "M" for -mark texts.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -mark text
|
|
@kindex -mark sets synchronizing message
|
|
@cindex Process, set synchronizing message, -mark
|
|
If text is not empty it will get put out on "M" channel each time xorriso
|
|
is ready for the next dialog line or before xorriso performs a command that
|
|
was entered to the pager prompt.
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -prog text
|
|
@kindex -prog sets program name
|
|
@cindex Program, set name, -prog
|
|
Use text as name of this program in subsequent messages
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@item -prog_help text
|
|
@kindex -prog_help prints help text
|
|
@cindex Program, print help text, -prog_help
|
|
Use text as name of this program and perform -help.
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@node Examples, Files, Options, Top
|
|
@chapter Examples
|
|
@c man .SH EXAMPLES
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Overview of examples:
|
|
@c man As superuser learn about available drives
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man A dialog session doing about the same
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Copy modified ISO image from one media to another
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Burn an existing ISO image file to media
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Let xorriso work underneath growisofs
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Examples of input timestrings
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Incremental backup of a few directory trees
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media
|
|
@cindex Examples
|
|
@menu
|
|
* ExDevices:: As superuser learn about available drives
|
|
* ExCreate:: Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run
|
|
* ExDialog:: A dialog session doing about the same
|
|
* ExGrowing:: Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media
|
|
* ExModifying:: Copy modified ISO image from one media to another
|
|
* ExBootable:: Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable
|
|
* ExCharset:: Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
|
|
* ExPseudo:: Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
|
|
* ExCdrecord:: Burn an existing ISO image file to media
|
|
* ExMkisofs:: Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
|
|
* ExGrowisofs:: Let xorriso work underneath growisofs
|
|
* ExException:: Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort
|
|
* ExTime:: Examples of input timestrings
|
|
* ExIncBackup:: Incremental backup of a few directory trees
|
|
* ExRestore:: Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
|
|
* ExRecovery:: Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media
|
|
@end menu
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B As superuser learn about available drives
|
|
@node ExDevices, ExCreate, Frontend, Examples
|
|
@section As superuser learn about available drives
|
|
On Linux or FreeBSD consider to give rw-permissions to those users or groups
|
|
which shall be able to use the drives with xorriso.
|
|
On Solaris use pfexec. Consider to restrict privileges of xorriso to
|
|
"base,sys_devices" and to give r-permission to user or group.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -devices
|
|
@*
|
|
0 -dev '/dev/sr0' rwrw@minus{}@minus{} : '_NEC ' 'DVD_RW ND-4570A'
|
|
@*
|
|
1 -dev '/dev/sr1' rwrw@minus{}@minus{} : 'HL-DT-ST' 'DVDRAM GSA-4082B'
|
|
@*
|
|
2 -dev '/dev/sr2' rwrw@minus{}@minus{} : 'PHILIPS ' 'SPD3300L'
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run
|
|
@node ExCreate, ExDialog, ExDevices, Examples
|
|
@section Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run
|
|
Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make media ready for writing a new image,
|
|
fill the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds
|
|
and /home/me/pictures.
|
|
@*
|
|
Because no -dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing the
|
|
session to media.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-blank as_needed \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/sounds /sounds \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/pictures /pictures
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
|
|
@*
|
|
The ISO image may be shaped in a more elaborate way like the following:
|
|
Omit some unwanted stuff by removing it from the image directory tree.
|
|
Reintroduce some wanted stuff.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ cd /home/me
|
|
@*
|
|
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-blank as_needed \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/sounds /sounds \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/pictures /pictures \
|
|
@*
|
|
-rm_r \
|
|
@*
|
|
/sounds/indecent \
|
|
@*
|
|
'/pictures/*private*' \
|
|
@*
|
|
/pictures/confidential \
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
-cd / \
|
|
@*
|
|
-add pictures/confidential/work* @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Note that '/pictures/*private*' is a pattern for iso_rr_paths
|
|
while pictures/confidential/work* gets expanded by the shell
|
|
with addresses from the hard disk. Options -add and -map have different
|
|
argument rules but finally the same effect: they put files into the image.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B A dialog session doing about the same
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@node ExDialog, ExGrowing, ExCreate, Examples
|
|
@section A dialog session doing about the same as the previous example
|
|
Some settings are already given as start argument. The other activities
|
|
are done as dialog input. The pager gets set to 20 lines of 80 characters.
|
|
@*
|
|
The drive is acquired by option -dev rather than -outdev in order to see
|
|
the message about its current content. By option -blank this content is
|
|
made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty.
|
|
@*
|
|
In order to be able to eject the media, the session needs to be committed
|
|
explicitly.
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man .B $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-dev /dev/sr2
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-blank as_needed
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-map /home/me/sounds /sounds -map /home/me/pictures /pictures
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-rm_r /sounds/indecent /pictures/*private* /pictures/confidential
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-cdx /home/me/pictures -cd /pictures
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-add confidential/office confidential/factory
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-du /
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man enter option and arguments :
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man .B \-commit_eject all -end
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines begin
|
|
$ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-dev /dev/sr2
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-blank as_needed
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/sounds /sounds -map /home/me/pictures /pictures
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-rm_r /sounds/indecent /pictures/*private* /pictures/confidential
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-cdx /home/me/pictures -cd /pictures
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-add confidential/office confidential/factory
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-du /
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
enter option and arguments :
|
|
@*
|
|
-commit_eject all -end
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines end
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media
|
|
@node ExGrowing, ExModifying, ExDialog, Examples
|
|
@section Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media
|
|
Load image from drive.
|
|
Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its subordinates.
|
|
Rename directory /pictures/confidential to /pictures/restricted.
|
|
Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted.
|
|
Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies.
|
|
Burn to the same media, check whether the tree can be loaded, and eject.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-rm_r /sounds @minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
-mv \
|
|
@*
|
|
/pictures/confidential \
|
|
@*
|
|
/pictures/restricted \
|
|
@*
|
|
@minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
-chmod go-rwx /pictures/restricted @minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/prepared_for_dvd/sounds_dummy /sounds \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/prepared_for_dvd/movies /movies \
|
|
@*
|
|
-commit -eject all
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Copy modified ISO image from one media to another
|
|
@node ExModifying, ExBootable, ExGrowing, Examples
|
|
@section Copy modified ISO image from one media to another
|
|
Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the previous
|
|
example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified image as
|
|
first and only session to the output drive.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -indev /dev/sr2 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-rm_r /sounds @minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
...
|
|
@*
|
|
-outdev /dev/sr0 -blank as_needed \
|
|
@*
|
|
-commit -eject all
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable
|
|
@node ExBootable, ExCharset, ExModifying, Examples
|
|
@section Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable
|
|
The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the
|
|
ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree.
|
|
Now xorriso can burn an El Torito bootable media:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -blank as_needed \
|
|
@*
|
|
-map /home/me/ISOLINUX_prepared_tree / \
|
|
@*
|
|
-boot_image isolinux dir=/boot/isolinux
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
|
|
@node ExCharset, ExPseudo, ExBootable, Examples
|
|
@section Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
|
|
This example assumes that the existing ISO image was written with character
|
|
set ISO-8859-1 but that the readers expected UTF-8. Now a new session with
|
|
the same files gets added with converted file names.
|
|
In order to avoid any weaknesses of the local character set, this command
|
|
pretends that it uses already the final target set UTF-8.
|
|
Therefore strange file names may appear in eventual messages which
|
|
will be made terminal-safe by option -backslash_codes.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -in_charset ISO-8859-1 -local_charset UTF-8 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-out_charset UTF-8 -backslash_codes on -dev /dev/sr0 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-alter_date m +0 / @minus{}@minus{} -commit -eject all
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
|
|
@node ExPseudo, ExCdrecord, ExCharset, Examples
|
|
@section Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
|
|
Full read-write operation is possible with regular files and block devices:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -dev /tmp/regular_file ...
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Paths underneath /dev normally need prefix "stdio:"
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -dev stdio:/dev/sdb ...
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
If /dev/sdb is to be used frequently and /dev/sda is the system disk,
|
|
then consider to place the following lines in a xorriso Startup File.
|
|
They allow to use /dev/sdb without prefix and protect disk /dev/sda
|
|
from xorriso:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
-drive_class banned /dev/sda*
|
|
@*
|
|
-drive_class harmless /dev/sdb
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Other writeable file types are supported write-only:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -outdev /tmp/named_pipe ...
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Among the write-only drives is standard output:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -outdev - \
|
|
@*
|
|
...
|
|
@*
|
|
| gzip >image.iso.gz
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Burn an existing ISO image file to media
|
|
@node ExCdrecord, ExMkisofs, ExPseudo, Examples
|
|
@section Burn an existing ISO image file to media
|
|
Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=as_needed image.iso
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
|
|
@node ExMkisofs, ExGrowisofs, ExCdrecord, Examples
|
|
@section Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
|
|
Between both processes there can be performed arbitrary transportation
|
|
or filtering.
|
|
@*
|
|
The first session is written like this:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -as mkisofs prepared_for_iso/tree1 | \
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=fast -multi -eject -
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Follow-up sessions are written like this:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ m=$(xorriso -as cdrecord dev=/dev/sr0 -msinfo)
|
|
@*
|
|
$ xorriso -as mkisofs -M /dev/sr0 -C $m prepared_for_iso/tree2 | \
|
|
@*
|
|
xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 -waiti -multi -eject -
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions
|
|
get read via stdio:/dev/sr0 and thus are prone to device driver
|
|
peculiarities.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
This example works for multi-session media only.
|
|
Add cdrskin option @minus{}@minus{}grow_overwriteable_iso
|
|
to all -as cdrecord runs
|
|
in order to enable multi-session emulation on overwriteable media.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Let xorriso work underneath growisofs
|
|
@node ExGrowisofs, ExException, ExMkisofs, Examples
|
|
@section Let xorriso work underneath growisofs
|
|
growisofs expects an ISO formatter program which understands options -C and
|
|
-M. If xorriso gets started by name "xorrisofs" then it is suitable for that.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ export MKISOFS="xorrisofs"
|
|
@*
|
|
$ growisofs -Z /dev/dvd /some/files
|
|
@*
|
|
$ growisofs -M /dev/dvd /more/files
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
If no "xorrisofs" is available on your system, then you will have to create
|
|
a link pointing to the xorriso binary and tell growisofs to use it. E.g. by:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ ln -s $(which xorriso) "$HOME/xorrisofs"
|
|
@*
|
|
$ export MKISOFS="$HOME/xorrisofs"
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
One may quit mkisofs emulation by argument "@minus{}@minus{}" and make
|
|
use of all xorriso commands. growisofs dislikes options which
|
|
start with "-o" but -outdev must be set to "-".
|
|
So use "outdev" instead:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ growisofs -Z /dev/dvd @minus{}@minus{} outdev - -update_r /my/files /files
|
|
@*
|
|
$ growisofs -M /dev/dvd @minus{}@minus{} outdev - -update_r /my/files /files
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
growisofs has excellent burn capabilities with DVD and BD.
|
|
It does not emulate session history on overwriteable media, though.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort
|
|
@node ExException, ExTime, ExGrowisofs, Examples
|
|
@section Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort
|
|
Be quite verbous, exit 32 if severity "FAILURE" was encountered,
|
|
do not abort prematurely but forcibly go on until the end of commands.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso ... \
|
|
@*
|
|
-report_about UPDATE \
|
|
@*
|
|
-return_with FAILURE 32 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-abort_on NEVER \
|
|
@*
|
|
...
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Examples of input timestrings
|
|
@node ExTime, ExIncBackup, ExException, Examples
|
|
@section Examples of input timestrings
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man As printed by program date:
|
|
@c man .B 'Thu Nov 8 14:51:13 CET 2007'
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man The same without ignored parts:
|
|
@c man .B 'Nov 8 14:51:13 2007'
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man The same as expected by date:
|
|
@c man .B 110814512007.13
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Four weeks in the future:
|
|
@c man .B +4w
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man The current time:
|
|
@c man .B +0
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Three hours ago:
|
|
@c man .B \-3h
|
|
@c man .br
|
|
@c man Seconds since Jan 1 1970:
|
|
@c man .B =1194531416
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines begin
|
|
As printed by program date:
|
|
@*
|
|
'Thu Nov 8 14:51:13 CET 2007'
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The same without ignored parts:
|
|
@*
|
|
'Nov 8 14:51:13 2007'
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The same as expected by date:
|
|
@*
|
|
110814512007.13
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Four weeks in the future:
|
|
@*
|
|
+4w
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The current time:
|
|
@*
|
|
+0
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Three hours ago:
|
|
@*
|
|
-3h
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Seconds since Jan 1 1970:
|
|
@*
|
|
=1194531416
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines end
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Incremental backup of a few directory trees
|
|
@node ExIncBackup, ExRestore, ExTime, Examples
|
|
@section Incremental backup of a few directory trees
|
|
This changes the directory trees /open_source_project and /personal_mail
|
|
in the ISO image so that they become exact copies of their disk counterparts.
|
|
ISO file objects get created, deleted or get their attributes adjusted
|
|
accordingly.
|
|
@*
|
|
ACL, xattr, hard links and MD5 checksums will be recorded.
|
|
Accelerated comparison is enabled at the expense of potentially larger backup
|
|
size. Only media with the expected volume id or blank media are accepted.
|
|
Files with names matching *.o or *.swp get excluded explicitly.
|
|
@*
|
|
When done with writing the new session gets checked by its recorded MD5.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso \
|
|
@*
|
|
-for_backup -disk_dev_ino on \
|
|
@*
|
|
-assert_volid 'PROJECTS_MAIL_*' FATAL \
|
|
@*
|
|
-dev /dev/sr0 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-volid PROJECTS_MAIL_"$(date '+%Y_%m_%d_%H%M%S')" \
|
|
@*
|
|
-not_leaf '*.o' -not_leaf '*.swp' \
|
|
@*
|
|
-update_r /home/thomas/open_source_projects /open_source_projects \
|
|
@*
|
|
-update_r /home/thomas/personal_mail /personal_mail \
|
|
@*
|
|
-commit -toc -check_md5 FAILURE @minus{}@minus{} -eject all
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of
|
|
the two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start
|
|
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on
|
|
the old one.
|
|
@*
|
|
This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining capacity
|
|
on media and if the expected changes are much smaller than the full backup.
|
|
To apply zisofs compression to those data files which get newly copied from
|
|
the local filesystem, insert these options immediately before -commit :
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
-hardlinks perform_update \
|
|
@*
|
|
-find / -type f -pending_data -exec set_filter @minus{}@minus{}zisofs @minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Options -disk_dev_ino and -for_backup depend on stable device and inode numbers
|
|
on disk. Without them, an update run may use -md5 "on" to match recorded MD5
|
|
sums against the current file content on hard disk. This is usually much faster
|
|
than the default which compares both contents directly.
|
|
@*
|
|
With @strong{mount} option @strong{-o "sbsector="} on GNU/Linux
|
|
resp. @strong{-s} on FreeBSD
|
|
it is possible to access the session trees which represent the older backup
|
|
versions. With CD media, GNU/Linux mount accepts session numbers directly by
|
|
its option "session=".
|
|
@*
|
|
Multi-session media and most overwriteable media written by xorriso can tell
|
|
the sbsectors of their sessions by xorriso option -toc.
|
|
Used after -commit the following option prints the matching mount command for
|
|
the newly written session (here for mount point /mnt):
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
-mount_cmd "indev" "auto" "auto" /mnt
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Options -mount_cmd and -mount are also able to produce the mount commands for
|
|
older sessions in the table-of-content. E.g. as superuser:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
# osirrox -mount /dev/sr0 "volid" '*2008_12_05*' /mnt
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Sessions on multi-session media are separated by several MB of unused blocks.
|
|
So with small sessions the payload capacity can become substantially lower
|
|
than the overall media capacity. If the remaining space on media does not
|
|
suffice for the next gap, the drive is supposed to close the media
|
|
automatically.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@strong{Better do not use your youngest backup for -update_r}.
|
|
Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups
|
|
get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
|
|
stored safely on a different media.
|
|
Always have a blank media ready to perform a full backup in case the update
|
|
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
|
|
@node ExRestore, ExRecovery, ExIncBackup, Examples
|
|
@section Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
|
|
This is an alternative to mounting the media and using normal file operations.
|
|
@*
|
|
First check which backup sessions are on the media:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
Then load the desired session and copy the file trees to disk.
|
|
Enable restoring of ACL, xattr and hard links.
|
|
Avoid to eventually create /home/thomas/restored without rwx-permission.
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -for_backup \
|
|
@*
|
|
-load volid 'PROJECTS_MAIL_2008_06_19*' \
|
|
@*
|
|
-indev /dev/sr0 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-osirrox on:auto_chmod_on \
|
|
@*
|
|
-chmod u+rwx / @minus{}@minus{} \
|
|
@*
|
|
-extract /open_source_projects \
|
|
@*
|
|
/home/thomas/restored/open_source_projects \
|
|
@*
|
|
-extract /personal_mail /home/thomas/restored/personal_mail \
|
|
@*
|
|
-rollback_end
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The final command -rollback_end prevents an error message about the altered
|
|
image being discarded.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media
|
|
@node ExRecovery,, ExRestore, Examples
|
|
@section Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
$ xorriso -abort_on NEVER -indev /dev/sr0 \
|
|
@*
|
|
-check_media time_limit=1800 report=blocks_files \
|
|
@*
|
|
data_to="$HOME"/dvd_copy sector_map="$HOME"/dvd_copy.map @minus{}@minus{}
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
This can be repeated several times, eventually with -eject or with other
|
|
-indev drives. See the human readable part of "$HOME"/dvd_copy.map for
|
|
addresses which can be used on "$HOME"/dvd_copy with mount option -o sbsector=
|
|
resp. -s.
|
|
@c man .SH FILES
|
|
@node Files, Seealso, Examples, Top
|
|
@chapter Files
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Program alias names:
|
|
@*
|
|
@section Program Alias Names
|
|
Normal installation of xorriso creates three links or copies which by their
|
|
program name pre-select certain settings:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
@strong{xorrisofs} starts xorriso with -as mkisofs emulation.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{xorrecord} starts xorriso with -as cdrecord emulation.
|
|
@*
|
|
@strong{osirrox} starts with -osirrox "on:o_excl_off" which allows
|
|
to copy files from ISO image to disk and to apply option -mount to
|
|
one or more of the existing ISO sessions.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Startup files:
|
|
@section Startup Files
|
|
@*
|
|
If not -no_rc is given as the first argument then xorriso attempts on startup
|
|
to read and execute lines from the following files:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
/etc/default/xorriso
|
|
@*
|
|
/etc/opt/xorriso/rc
|
|
@*
|
|
/etc/xorriso/xorriso.conf
|
|
@*
|
|
$HOME/.xorrisorc
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
The files are read in the sequence given above, but none of them is required
|
|
to exist.
|
|
@*
|
|
If mkisofs emulation was enabled by program name "xorrisofs", "mkisofs",
|
|
"genisoimage", or "genisofs", then afterwards -read_mkisofsrc is performed,
|
|
which reads .mkisofsrc files. See there.
|
|
@c man .SS
|
|
@c man .B Runtime control files:
|
|
@section Runtime control files
|
|
@*
|
|
The default setting of -check_media abort_file= is:
|
|
@*
|
|
@sp 1
|
|
/var/opt/xorriso/do_abort_check_media
|
|
@*
|
|
@c man .SH SEE ALSO
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man For mounting xorriso generated ISO 9660 images (-t iso9660)
|
|
@c man .BR mount(8)
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man Libreadline, a comfortable input line facility
|
|
@c man .BR readline(3)
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man Other programs which produce ISO 9660 images
|
|
@c man .BR mkisofs(8),
|
|
@c man .BR genisoimage(8)
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man Other programs which burn sessions to optical media
|
|
@c man .BR growisofs(1),
|
|
@c man .BR cdrecord(1),
|
|
@c man .BR wodim(1),
|
|
@c man .BR cdrskin(1)
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man ACL and xattr
|
|
@c man .BR getfacl(1),
|
|
@c man .BR setfacl(1),
|
|
@c man .BR getfattr(1),
|
|
@c man .BR setfattr(1)
|
|
@c man .TP
|
|
@c man MD5 checksums
|
|
@c man .BR md5sum(1)
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines begin
|
|
@node Seealso, Legal, Files, Top
|
|
@chapter See also
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
@item For mounting xorriso generated ISO 9660 images (-t iso9660)
|
|
mount(8)
|
|
@item Libreadline, a comfortable input line facility
|
|
readline(3)
|
|
@item Other programs which produce ISO 9660 images
|
|
mkisofs(8),
|
|
genisoimage(8)
|
|
@item Other programs which burn sessions to optical media
|
|
growisofs(1),
|
|
cdrecord(1),
|
|
wodim(1),
|
|
cdrskin(1)
|
|
@item ACL and xattr
|
|
getfacl(1),
|
|
setfacl(1),
|
|
getfattr(1),
|
|
setfattr(1)
|
|
@item MD5 checksums
|
|
md5sum(1)
|
|
@end table
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines end
|
|
@c man .SH AUTHOR
|
|
@node Legal, CommandIdx, Seealso, Top
|
|
@chapter Author, Copyright, Credits
|
|
@section Author
|
|
Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@@gmx.net>
|
|
@*
|
|
for libburnia-project.org
|
|
@c man .SH COPYRIGHT
|
|
@section Copyright
|
|
Copyright (c) 2007 - 2010 Thomas Schmitt
|
|
@*
|
|
Permission is granted to distribute this text freely. It shall only be
|
|
modified in sync with the technical properties of xorriso. If you make use
|
|
of the license to derive modified versions of xorriso then you are entitled
|
|
to modify this text under that same license.
|
|
@c man .SH CREDITS
|
|
@section Credits
|
|
xorriso is in part based on work by Vreixo Formoso who provides libisofs
|
|
together with Mario Danic who also leads the libburnia team.
|
|
Thanks to Andy Polyakov who invented emulated growing,
|
|
to Derek Foreman and Ben Jansens who once founded libburn.
|
|
@*
|
|
Compliments towards Joerg Schilling whose cdrtools served me for ten years.
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines begin
|
|
|
|
@node CommandIdx, ConceptIdx, Legal, Top
|
|
@chapter Alphabetic Command List
|
|
@printindex ky
|
|
|
|
@node ConceptIdx,, CommandIdx, top
|
|
@chapter Alphabetic List of Concepts and Objects
|
|
@printindex cp
|
|
|
|
@c man-ignore-lines end
|
|
@bye
|