434 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
434 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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libburn.pykix.org scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_eng.html
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Installation instructions at about line 60. First the legal stuff:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This all is under GPL.
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(See GPL reference, our clarification and commitment at the end of this text)
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Based on and sub project of:
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libburn.pykix.org
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By Mario Danic <mario.danic@gmail.com> and Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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Copyright (C) 2006 Mario Danic, Thomas Schmitt
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libburn.pykix.org is inspired by and in other components still containing
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parts of
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Libburn. By Derek Foreman <derek@signalmarketing.com> and
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Ben Jansens <xor@orodu.net>
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Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Derek Foreman and Ben Jansens
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See toplevel README for an overview of the current copyright situation in
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libburn.pykix.org.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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My thanks to the above authors (except myself, of course) for making the
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following possible.
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cdrskin. By Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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Integrated sub project of libburn.pykix.org but also published via:
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http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_eng.html
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http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin-0.2.5.tar.gz
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Copyright (C) 2006 Thomas Schmitt
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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On top of libburn there is implemented cdrskin 0.2.5, a limited cdrecord
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compatibility wrapper which allows to use some libburn features from
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the command line.
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Interested users of cdrecord are invited to participate in the development
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of cdrskin. Contact: scdbackup@gmx.net or libburn-hackers@pykix.org .
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We will keep copyright narrow but will of course acknowledge valuable
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contributions in a due way.
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Important :
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This software is provided as is. There is no warranty implied and no
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protection against possible damages. You use this on your own risk.
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Don't blame me or other authors of libburn if anything goes wrong.
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I used it on my own risk with :
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SuSE 7.2, kernel 2.4.4, ide-scsi emulation, LITE-ON LTR48125S CD burner, 2002
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SuSE 9.0, kernel 2.4.21, ide-scsi emulation, LG GSA-4082B CD/DVD burner, 2004
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NEC ND-4570A CD/DVD burner, 2006
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RIP-14.4, kernel 2.6.14, no ide-scsi, with all above burners
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It fails to compile or run on SuSE 6.4 (kernel 2.2.14).
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It does not find the IDE CD burner on SuSE 7.2 without ide-scsi.
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Other people sucessfully tested cdrskin on several kernel 2.6 based x86 Linux
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systems, including 64 bit systems. (Further reports are welcome.)
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Compilation, First Glimpse, Installation
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Obtain cdrskin-0.2.5.tar.gz , take it to a directory of your choice and do:
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tar xzf cdrskin-0.2.5.tar.gz
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cd cdrskin-0.2.5
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Or obtain a libburn.pykix.org SVN snapshot,
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go into the toplevel directory of the snapshot (e.g. cd libburn_pykix ),
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and execute the autotools script ./bootstrap . Use autools version >= 1.7 .
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Within that toplevel directory of either cdrskin-0.2.5 or libburn then execute:
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./configure
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make
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(Note: there are next-level directories "libburn" and "cdrskin". Those
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would be the wrong ones. Meant is the highest directory of tarball resp.
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SVN download. Among others containing files "AUTHORS", "configure",
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"Makefile.am", as well as directories "libburn" and "cdrskin".)
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This will already produce a cdrskin binary. But it might be necessary to
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install libburn in order to use this binary. Installation of libburn is
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beyond the scope of cdrskin. For this, see included libburn docs.
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In order to surely get a standalone binary, execute
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cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh
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Version identification and help texts available afterwards:
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cdrskin/cdrskin -version
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cdrskin/cdrskin --help
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cdrskin/cdrskin -help
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Install (eventually as superuser) cdrskin to a directory where it can be found:
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If cdrskin was already installed by a previous version, or by "make install"
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in the course of this installation, then find out where:
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which cdrskin
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Copy your standalone binary to exactly the address which you get as reply
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cp cdrskin/cdrskin /usr/bin/cdrskin
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Check the version timestamps of the globally installed binary
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cdrskin -version
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It is not necessary for the standalone cdrskin binary to have libburn
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installed, since it incorporates the necessary libburn parts at compile time.
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It will not collide with an installed version of libburn either.
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But libpthread must be installed on the system and glibc has to match. (See
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below for a way to create a statically linked binary.)
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Usage
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The user of cdrskin needs rw-permission for the CD burner device.
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A list of rw-accessible drives can be obtained by
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cdrskin --devices
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CD devices which offer no rw-permission are invisible to normal users.
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The superuser should be able to see any usable drive and then set the
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permissions as needed. If this hangs then there is a drive with
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unexpected problems (locked, busy, broken, whatever). You might have to
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guess the address of your (non-broken) burner by other means, then.
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On Linux 2.4 this would be some /dev/sgN and on 2.6. some /dev/hdX.
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The output of cdrskin --devices might look like
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0 dev='/dev/sg0' rwrwr- : '_NEC' 'DVD_RW ND-4570A'
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1 dev='/dev/sg1' rwrw-- : 'HL-DT-ST' 'DVDRAM GSA-4082B'
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So full and insecure enabling of both for everybody would look like
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chmod a+rw /dev/sg0 /dev/sg1
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I strongly discourage to run cdrskin with setuid root or via sudo !
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It is not checked for the necessary degree of hacker safety.
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Usage examples
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Get an overview of cdrecord style addresses of available devices
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cdrskin -scanbus
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cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus
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Note: Adresses reported with dev=ATA are to be used with prefix "ATA:". You may
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well use device file addresses as reported with --devices. Examples:
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dev=0,1,0 dev=/dev/sg1 dev=ATA:1,0,0 dev=/dev/hdc
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See also "Drive Addressing".
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Note: Address numbers have changed since cdrskin-0.2.2 in order to become
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compatible with cdrecord numbers. To get the old number scheme, use
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option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr . See also "Pseudo-SCSI Adresses".
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Sorry for any inconvenience.
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Obtain some info about the drive
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cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive
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Obtain some info about the drive and the inserted media
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cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -atip
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Thoroughly blank a CD-RW
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cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 blank=all -eject
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Blank CD-RW sufficiently for making it ready for overwrite
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cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 blank=fast -eject
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Burn image file my_image.iso to CD
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cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 speed=12 fs=8m -sao driveropts=burnfree padsize=300k \
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-eject my_image.iso
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Burn a compressed afio archive to CD on-the-fly
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find . | afio -oZ - | cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 -tao \
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driveropts=burnfree padsize=300k -
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Burn 6 audio tracks from files with different formats to CD.
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Anything except .wav or .au files has to be converted into raw format first.
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See below "Audio CD" for specifications.
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ogg123 -d raw -f track01.cd /path/to/track1.ogg
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oggdec -R -o track02.cd /path/to/track2.ogg
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lame --decode -t /path/to/track3.mp3 track03.cd
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madplay -o raw:track04.cd /path/to/track4.mp3
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mppdec --raw-le /path/to/track5.mpc track05.cd
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cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 blank=fast -eject speed=48 -sao \
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-audio -swab track0[1-5].cd /path/to/track6.wav
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Usage example with http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net
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Address may be a cdrecord-style "scsibus,target,lun" as listed with
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cdrskin -scanbus (and hopefully as listed with cdrecord -scanbus) :
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export SCDBACKUP_SCSI_ADR="0,1,0"
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or a device file address as listed by --devices with an accessible drive :
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export SCDBACKUP_SCSI_ADR="/dev/sg1"
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Set usage of cdrskin with appropriate options rather than cdrecord :
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export SCDBACKUP_CDRECORD="cdrskin -v -v"
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Run a backup :
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scdbackup_home
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Restrictions
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The major restrictions are lifted now: audio, TAO, multi-session do work.
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Many cdrecord options are still unsupported, though.
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If you have use cases for them, please report your wishes and expectations.
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Inspiration and Standard
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For the original meaning of cdrecord options see :
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man cdrecord
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(http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/man/cdrecord-2.0.html)
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Do not bother Joerg Schilling with any cdrskin problems.
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(Be cursed if you install cdrskin as "cdrecord" without clearly forwarding
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this "don't bother Joerg" demand.)
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cdrskin does not contain any bytes copied from cdrecord's sources. Many bytes
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have been copied from the message output of cdrecord runs, though. I am
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thankful to Joerg Schilling for every single one of them.
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Actually i, Thomas Schmitt, am a devoted user of cdrecord via my project
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scdbackup which still runs a bit better with cdrecord than with cdrskin. TAO.
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I have the hope that Joerg feels more flattered than annoyed by cdrskin.
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Drive Addressing
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Drives get addressed either via their cdrecord-style addresses as listed
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with option -scanbus (see below "Pseudo-SCSI Adresses") or via the paths
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of device files.
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Not only device files listed by --devices may be used but also device files
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which via their major,minor numbers point to the same device driver as
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a listed device file.
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Helpful with Linux kernel 2.4 is a special SCSI feature:
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It is possible to address a scsi(-emulated) drive via associated device files
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which are not listed by option --devices but point to the same SCSI addresses
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as listed device files. This addressing via e.g. /dev/sr0 or /dev/scd1 is
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compatible with generic read programs like dd and with write program growisofs.
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Pseudo-SCSI Adresses
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cdrecord and cdrskin share the syntax of SCSI addresses but not necessarily
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the meaning of the components. A cdrecord-style address for cdrskin
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[prefix:]scsibus,target,lun
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can be interpreted in two different modes.
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Standard mode tries to be compatible to original cdrecord. This should be true
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with (emulated) SCSI where the /dev/sgN with is looked up with matching
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scsibus,target,lun as given by the operating system.
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With dev=ATA: or dev=ATAPI: the translation to /dev/hdX is purely literal
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but matches the cdrecord addresses on all systems tested so far:
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X = 'a' + 2 * scsibus + target
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where target only may have the values 0 or 1.
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In this mode, option -scanbus will list only SCSI devices unless option
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dev=ATA or dev=ATAPI are given, which will suppress SCSI devices and only
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show IDE drives (i.e. /dev/hdX without ide-scsi emulation).
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In mode --old_pseudo_scsi_adr there is a scsibus,target,lun representation
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which has nothing to do with SCSI and thus is not compatible to cdrecord.
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Each number triple corresponds either to a device file address or to a
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libburn drive number.
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Component "scsibus" indicates the translation method. Defined busses are:
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0 target is the libburn drivenumber as listed with --devices
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1 associated to device file /dev/sgN , target chooses N
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2 associated to device file /dev/hdX , target 0='a', 1='b' ..., 25='z'
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So "1,1,0" is /dev/sg1, "2,3,0" is /dev/hdd, "0,2,0" is libburn drive #2 at
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some unspecified device file.
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This scheme shall help to keep cdrecord-style addresses stable and exchangeable
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between users without excluding drives with unexpected device addresses.
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The numbering on bus 0 is prone to arbitrary changes caused by changes in
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drive accessability.
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Further busses may emerge as libburn evolves. "prefix" and "lun" may get
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a meaning. To stay upward compatible, use addresses as printed by -scanbus.
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User Defined Device Address Translation
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Some programs or users have their own ideas about the address of their burner.
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K3b 0.10 for example derives cdrecord addresses by own examination of the
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devices and not by calling cdrecord -scanbus.
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Standard mode will hopefully be fully compatible with their ideas.
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Old frontends which do not know dev=ATA or dev=ATAPI and which do ask their
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"cdrecord" via -scanbus may be well served with option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr .
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To direct any remaining stubborn callers to the appropriate drives, cdrskin
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allows to define device address aliases. Like
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cdrskin dev_translation=+1,0,0+/dev/sg1 \
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dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sg1 \
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dev_translation=-"cd+dvd"-0,1,0 \
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...
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Any of the addresses dev=1,0,0, dev=ATA:1,0,0, dev=cd+dvd will be mapped to
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/dev/sg1 resp. to 0,1,0.
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The first character after "dev_translation=" defines the character which
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separates the two parts of the translation pair. (Above: "+" and "-".)
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In K3b 0.10 it is possible to employ alternative writer programs by setting
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their full path (e.g. /usr/bin/cdrskin) in menu
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Settings:Configure K3b...:Programs:Search Path
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and to make them default in menu
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Settings:Configure K3b...:Programs:Programs:
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A suitable setting for "cdrecord" in menu
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Settings:Configure K3b...:Programs:User Parameters
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would then probably be
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-v dev_translation=+1,0,0+/dev/sg1
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You will learn from button "Show Debugging Output" after a failed burn run
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what cdrecord command was used with what address "dev=...". This address "..."
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will be the right one to replace "1,0,0" in above example.
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Startup Files
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If not --no_rc is the first argument then cdrskin attempts on startup to read
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arguments from the following three files:
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/etc/defaults/cdrskin
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/etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
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$HOME/.cdrskinrc
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The files are read in the sequence given above.
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Each readable line is treated as one single argument. No extra blanks.
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A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored.
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Example content of a startup file:
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# This is the default device
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dev=0,1,0
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# To accomodate to eventual remnant cdrskin-0.2.2 addresses
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dev_translation=+1,0,0+0,1,0
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# Some more options
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--fifo_start_empty
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fs=16m
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Audio CD
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Lorenzo Taylor enabled option -audio in cdrskin (thanks !) and reports neat
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results with audio data files which are :
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headerless PCM (i.e. uncompressed)
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44100 Hz sampling rate
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16 bits per sample
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stereo (2 channels)
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little-endian byte order with option -swab, or big-endian without -swab
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Files with name extension .wav get examined wether they are in Microsoft WAVE
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format with above parameters and eventually get extracted by cdrskin itself.
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In the same way files with name extension .au get examined wether they are
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in SUN's audio format. For both formats, track format -audio and eventual
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endianness option -swab are enabled automatically.
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Any other formats are to be converted to format .wav with above parameters
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or to be extracted as raw CD track data by commands like those given above
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under "Usage examples". Those raw files need option -audio and in most cases
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option -swab to mark them as little-endian/Intel/LSB-first 16-bit data.
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Incorrect endianness setting results in random noise on CD.
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I myself am not into audio. So libburn-hackers@pykix.org might be the
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best address for suggestions, requests and bug reports.
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Special compilation variations
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You may get a (super fat) statically linked binary by :
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cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh -static
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if your system supports static linking, at all. This will not help with kernels
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which do not properly support the necessary low-level interfaces chosen by
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your compile-time libraries.
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A size reduced but fully functional binary may be produced by
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cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh -do_strip
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An extra lean binary with reduced capabilities is created by
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cdrskin/compile_cdrskin.sh -do_diet -do_strip
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It will not read startup files, will abort on option dev_translation= ,
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will not have a fifo buffer, and will not be able to put out help texts or
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debugging messages.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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cdrskin is currently copyright Thomas Schmitt only.
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It adopts the following commitment by the toplevel copyright holders:
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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We, the copyright holders, agree on the interpretation that
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dynamical linking of our libraries constitutes "use of" and
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not "derivation from" our work in the sense of GPL, provided
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those libraries are compiled from our unaltered code.
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Thus you may link our libraries dynamically with applications
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which are not under GPL. You may distribute our libraries and
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application tools in binary form, if you fulfill the usual
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condition of GPL to offer a copy of the source code -altered
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or unaltered- under GPL.
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We ask you politely to use our work in open source spirit
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and with the due reference to the entire open source community.
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If there should really arise the case where above clarification
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does not suffice to fulfill a clear and neat request in open source
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spirit that would otherwise be declined for mere formal reasons,
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only in that case we will duely consider to issue a special license
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covering only that special case.
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It is the open source idea of responsible freedom which will be
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decisive and you will have to prove that you exhausted all own
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means to qualify for GPL.
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For now we are firmly committed to maintain one single license: GPL.
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signed for cdrskin: Thomas Schmitt
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