Clarified CD and DVD peculiarities
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@ -125,10 +125,7 @@ Multiple cycles of blanking and overwriting with random numbers might be.
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---------------
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.br
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Note: The support for sequentially recordable media is still emerging.
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.br
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DVD-R have not been tested yet. If no Incremental Streaming feature (21h)
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is offered, then the media is regarded as unsuitable without further
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explanation. (One can torture DVD-RW to make them offer only DAO (2Fh)).
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DVD-R have not been tested yet.
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.br
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---------------
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.br
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@ -139,16 +136,28 @@ Used DVD-RW get into blank sequential state by option
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.B blank=deformat_sequential .
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.br
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Incremental Streaming is the default write mode if it is offered by the media.
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It may be selected explicitely by option -tao as it resembles much TAO writing
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with CD by allowing track sources of unpredicted length and to keep media
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appendable by option
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It may be selected explicitely by option
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.B -tao
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as it resembles much CD TAO by allowing track sources of
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unpredicted length and to keep media appendable by option
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.B -multi .
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Only restriction towards CD-RW is the lack of support for -audio tracks.
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The only restriction towards CD-R[W] is the lack of support for -audio tracks.
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Multiple tracks per session are permissible.
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.br
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(The other write mode, DAO, is not implemented yet. It will allow no -multi and
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only a single track. It will be selected explicitely by option -sao or by
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default if no Incremental writing is available.)
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The other write mode, DAO, has many restrictions. It does not work with
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appendable media, allows no -multi and only a single track. The size of the
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track needs to be known in advance. So either its source has to be a disk file
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of recognizable size or the size has to be announced explicitely by options
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.B tsize=
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or
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.B tao_to_sao_tsize= .
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.br
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DAO is the default mode for media which do not offer feature 21h Incremental
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Streaming. It may also be selected explicitely by option
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.B -sao .
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.br
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Program growisofs uses DAO on sequential DVD-R[W] media for maximum
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DVD-ROM/-Video compatibility.
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.PP
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.B Overwriteable DVD Media:
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.br
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@ -233,7 +242,7 @@ audio track. Same is done for suffix .au and SUN Audio.
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Option -audio may be used only with CD media and not with DVD.
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.TP
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.BI blank= type
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Blank a CD-RW or format a DVD+/-RW.
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Blank a CD-RW, a DVD-RW, or format a DVD+/-RW.
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This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin.
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The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
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.RS
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@ -245,7 +254,7 @@ all
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Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW.
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.TP
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fast
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Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW.
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Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or fully blank an unformatted DVD-RW.
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.TP
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format_overwrite
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Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The user should bring some patience.
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@ -273,7 +282,12 @@ deformat_sequential
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Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank overwriteable DVD-RW.
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This will destroy their formatting and make them sequentially recordable.
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.br
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(Note: blank=deformat_sequential is not an original cdrecord option.)
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(Note: blank=deformat_sequential* are not original cdrecord options.)
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.TP
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deformat_sequential_quickest
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Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally.
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This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of
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Incremental Streaming (-tao).
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.RE
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.TP
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.BI \-checkdrive
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@ -281,7 +295,8 @@ Retrieve some info about the addressed drive.
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Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
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.TP
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.BI \-dao
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Alias for option -sao. Write disc in Session at Once mode.
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Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode
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or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode.
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.TP
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.BI \-data
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Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
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@ -311,8 +326,8 @@ even if attempted explicitely via "driveropts=burnfree".
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.TP
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.BI \-dummy
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Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted
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media. There is no guarantee that this will work with a particular drive
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in a particular write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though.
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media. There is no guarantee that this will work with a particular combination
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of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though.
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.TP
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.BI \-eject
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Eject the disc after work is done.
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@ -365,12 +380,13 @@ start address of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if
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the most recent session was not written with option -multi.
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.TP
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.BI \-multi
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This option keeps the CD or DVD-R[W] appendable after the current session has
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been written.
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This option keeps the CD or unformatted DVD-R[W] appendable after the current
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session has been written.
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Without it the disc gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it
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is a -RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content.
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.br
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The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode.
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The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode. -multi is prohibited
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with overwriteable DVD media and with DVD-R[W] DAO write mode.
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.br
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In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual ISO-9660
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filesystem of a follow-up
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@ -403,11 +419,20 @@ then behave strange or even go bad for the next few attempts to burn a CD.
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One should use it only if inavoidable.
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.TP
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.BI \-sao
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Write disc in Session At Once mode. This mode is able to put several audio
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tracks on CD without producing audible gaps between them. It can only
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be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that track arguments
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which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceeded by option tsize= or
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by option tao_to_sao_tsize=.
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Write CD in Session At Once mode, resp. a sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once
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(DAO) mode.
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.br
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With CD this mode is able to put several audio tracks on media without
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producing audible gaps between them.
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.br
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With DVD-R[W] this mode can only write a single track.
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No -multi is allowed with DVD-R[W] -sao.
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.br
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-sao can only be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that
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track arguments which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceeded by
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option tsize= or by option tao_to_sao_tsize=.
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.br
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-sao cannot be used on appendable media.
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.TP
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.BI \-scanbus
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Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd*
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@ -437,10 +462,13 @@ Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with
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suffix ".wav".
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.TP
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.BI \-tao
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Write disc in Track At Once (TAO) mode. This mode can be used with track
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sources of unpredictable size, like standard input or named pipes. It is
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also the only mode that can be used for writing to appendable CD or DVD-R[W]
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which already hold data.
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Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, resp. sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental
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Streaming mode. This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable DVD media.
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.br
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Mode -tao can be used with track sources of unpredictable size, like standard
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input or named pipes. It is also the only mode that can be used for writing
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to appendable media which already hold data. With unformatted DVD-R[W] it is
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the only mode which allows -multi.
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.TP
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.BI \-toc
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Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on disc.
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@ -476,7 +504,7 @@ About size specifiers, see option fs=.
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If the track source does not deliver the predicted amount of bytes, the
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remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is not considered an error.
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If on the other hand the track source delivers more than the announced bytes
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then the track on CD gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits
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then the track on media gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits
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with non-zero value.
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.TP
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.BI \-v
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@ -539,6 +567,19 @@ interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
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.BI \--single_track
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Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
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.TP
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.BI tao_to_sao_tsize= size
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Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track
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source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified and an
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exact track size prediction is demanded by the write mode.
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.br
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This was the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn
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in mode -tao . It came back with minimally blanked DVD-RW which allow no
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Incremental Streaming (-tao) resp. with explicitly selected write mode -sao
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for best DVD-ROM compatibility.
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.br
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If the track source delivers less bytes than announced then the missing ones
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will be filled with zeros.
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.TP
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.BI write_start_address= byte_offset
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Set the address on media where to start writing the track. With DVD+RW or
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DVD-RAM byte_offset must be aligned to 2 KB blocks, but better is 32 kB.
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@ -607,8 +648,8 @@ On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good
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idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
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.TP
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.BI \--no_blank_appendable
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Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW. This is a feature that was once builtin with
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libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
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Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once
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builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
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.TP
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.BI \--no_convert_fs_adr
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Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from test-opening
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@ -625,12 +666,6 @@ Linux specific:
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Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and
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pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with
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original cdrecord.
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.TP
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.BI tao_to_sao_tsize= size
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Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track
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source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified.
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This is the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn
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in mode -tao.
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.br
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.SS
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@ -664,7 +699,7 @@ cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite
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.br
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cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential
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.SS
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.B Write ISO-9660 filesystem image:
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.B Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:
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.br
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cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \\
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.br
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@ -676,11 +711,11 @@ find . | afio -oZ - | \\
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.br
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cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 \\
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.br
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padsize=300k -tao -
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-tao padsize=300k -
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.SS
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.B Write several sessions to the same CD or DVD-R[W]:
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.br
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cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi 1.iso
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cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 1.iso
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.br
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cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 2.iso
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.br
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