799 lines
30 KiB
Groff
799 lines
30 KiB
Groff
.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
|
|
.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
|
|
.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
|
|
.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
|
|
.TH CDRSKIN 1 "February 1, 2007"
|
|
.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
|
|
.\" .nh disable hyphenation
|
|
.\" .hy enable hyphenation
|
|
.\" .ad l left justify
|
|
.\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins
|
|
.\" .nf disable filling
|
|
.\" .fi enable filling
|
|
.\" .br insert line break
|
|
.\" .sp <n> insert n+1 empty lines
|
|
.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
cdrskin \- burns preformatted data to CD-R, CD-RW, DVD+/-RW, DVD-RAM
|
|
via libburn.
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.B cdrskin
|
|
.RI [ options | track_source_addresses ]
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.PP
|
|
.\" TeX users may be more comfortable with the \fB<whatever>\fP and
|
|
.\" \fI<whatever>\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics,
|
|
.\" respectively.
|
|
.PP
|
|
\fBcdrskin\fP is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options
|
|
in a compatible way for CD media. With DVD it has its own ways for now.
|
|
You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Overview of features:
|
|
.br
|
|
Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW.
|
|
.br
|
|
Burning of data or audio tracks to CD,
|
|
.br
|
|
either in versatile Track at Once mode (TAO)
|
|
.br
|
|
or in Session at Once mode for seamless tracks.
|
|
.br
|
|
Multi session on CD (follow-up sessions in TAO only)
|
|
.br
|
|
and on DVD-RW (untested yet: on DVD-R).
|
|
.br
|
|
Burning of a single data track to DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM.
|
|
.br
|
|
Bus scan, burnfree, speed options, retrieving media info, padding, fifo.
|
|
.br
|
|
See section EXAMPLES at the end of this text.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Track recording model:
|
|
.br
|
|
The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks.
|
|
A \fBtrack\fP stores a stream of bytes.
|
|
.br
|
|
Each track is initiated by one track source address argument, which may either
|
|
be "-" for standard input or the address of a readable file. If no write mode
|
|
is given explicitely then one will be chosen which matches the peculiarities
|
|
of track sources and the state of the output media.
|
|
.PP
|
|
More than one track can be burned by a single run of cdrskin.
|
|
In the terms of the MMC standard all tracks written by the same run constitute
|
|
a \fBsession\fP.
|
|
.br
|
|
Some media types can be kept appendable so that further tracks can
|
|
be written to them in subsequent runs of cdrskin (see option -multi).
|
|
Info about the addresses of burned tracks is kept in a table of
|
|
content (TOC) on media and can be retrieved via cdrskin option -toc.
|
|
These informations are also used by the operating systems' CD-ROM read drivers.
|
|
.PP
|
|
In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio. They differ in
|
|
sector size, throughput and readability via the systems' CD-ROM drivers
|
|
resp. by music CD players. With DVD there is only type data.
|
|
.br
|
|
If not explicitely option -audio is given, then any track is burned as type
|
|
data, unless the track source is a file with suffix ".wav" or ".au" and has a
|
|
header part which identifies it as MS-WAVE resp. SUN Audio with suitable
|
|
parameters. Such files are burned as audio tracks by default.
|
|
.PP
|
|
While audio tracks just contain a given time span of acoustic vibrations,
|
|
data tracks may have an arbitray meaning. Nevertheless, ISO-9660 filesystems
|
|
are established as a format which can represent a tree of directories and
|
|
files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images can be
|
|
produced by programs mkisofs or genisoimage. They can also be extended by
|
|
follow-up tracks if prepared properly. See the man pages of said programs.
|
|
cdrskin is able to fulfill the needs about their option -C.
|
|
.br
|
|
Another type of data track content are archive formats which originally
|
|
have been developed for magnetic tapes. Only formats which mark a detectable
|
|
end-of-archive in their data are suitable, though. Well tested are
|
|
the archivers afio and star. Not suitable seems GNU tar.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Recordable CD Media:
|
|
.br
|
|
CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually extended until they
|
|
get closed (or are spoiled because they are overly full). After that they are
|
|
read-only. Closing is done automatically unless option
|
|
.B -multi
|
|
is given which keeps the media appendable.
|
|
.br
|
|
There are two write modes,
|
|
.B -tao
|
|
and
|
|
.B -sao .
|
|
.br
|
|
-tao allows to use track source of unpredictable length (like stdin) and allows
|
|
to write further sessions to appendable media. -sao produces audio sessions
|
|
with seamless tracks but needs predicted track sizes and cannot append sessions
|
|
to media.
|
|
.br
|
|
CD-RW media can be blanked to make them re-usable for another
|
|
round of overwriting. Usually
|
|
.B blank=fast
|
|
is the appropriate option.
|
|
Blanking damages the previous content but does not
|
|
make it completely unreadable. It is no effective privacy precaution.
|
|
Multiple cycles of blanking and overwriting with random numbers might be.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Sequentially Recordable DVD Media:
|
|
.br
|
|
---------------
|
|
.br
|
|
Note: The support for sequentially recordable media is still emerging.
|
|
DVD-R have not been tested yet.
|
|
.br
|
|
---------------
|
|
.br
|
|
Currently only DVD-RW (and most probably DVD-R) can be used for the Sequential
|
|
recording model. DVD-RW must be in state "Sequential Recording". The media must
|
|
be either blank or appendable. Newly purchased DVD-RW media are in this state.
|
|
Used DVD-RW get into blank sequential state by option
|
|
.B blank=deformat_sequential .
|
|
.br
|
|
Incremental Streaming is the default write mode if it is offered by the media.
|
|
It may be selected explicitely by option
|
|
.B -tao
|
|
as it resembles much CD TAO by allowing track sources of
|
|
unpredicted length and to keep media appendable by option
|
|
.B -multi .
|
|
The only restriction towards CD-R[W] is the lack of support for -audio tracks.
|
|
Multiple tracks per session are permissible.
|
|
.br
|
|
The other write mode, DAO, has many restrictions. It does not work with
|
|
appendable media, allows no -multi and only a single track. The size of the
|
|
track needs to be known in advance. So either its source has to be a disk file
|
|
of recognizable size or the size has to be announced explicitely by options
|
|
.B tsize=
|
|
or
|
|
.B tao_to_sao_tsize= .
|
|
.br
|
|
DAO is the default mode for media which do not offer feature 21h Incremental
|
|
Streaming. It may also be selected explicitely by option
|
|
.B -sao .
|
|
.br
|
|
Program growisofs uses DAO on sequential DVD-R[W] media for maximum
|
|
DVD-ROM/-Video compatibility.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Overwriteable DVD Media:
|
|
.br
|
|
Currently only types DVD+RW, DVD-RW and DVD-RAM can be overwritten via cdrskin.
|
|
.br
|
|
DVD+RW and DVD-RAM media get treated as blank media regardless wether they
|
|
hold data or not. They need no special initial formatting.
|
|
Options -audio and -multi are not allowed. Only one track is allowed.
|
|
-toc does not return information about the media content.
|
|
Currently there is no difference between -sao and -tao. If ever, then -tao
|
|
will be the mode which preserves the current behavior.
|
|
.br
|
|
DVD-RW are sold in state "Sequential Recording". To become suitable for the
|
|
Overwriteable DVD recording model they need to get formatted to state
|
|
"Restricted Overwrite". Then they behave much like DVD+RW. This formatting
|
|
can be done by option
|
|
.B blank=format_overwrite .
|
|
.br
|
|
Several programs like dvd+rw-format, cdrecord, wodim, or cdrskin option
|
|
blank=deformat_sequential can bring a DVD-RW out of overwriteable state so
|
|
that it has to be formatted again. If in doubt, just give it a try.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B Drive preparation and addressing:
|
|
.br
|
|
The drives, either CD burners or DVD burners, are accessed via addresses which
|
|
are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed
|
|
by a run of \fBcdrskin --devices\fP.
|
|
.br
|
|
On Linux, they are device files which traditionally do not offer
|
|
w-permissions for normal users. Because libburn needs rw-permission,
|
|
it might be only the superuser who is able to get this list without further
|
|
precautions.
|
|
.br
|
|
It is consensus that \fBchmod a+rw /dev/sg0\fP or \fBchmod a+rw /dev/hdc\fP
|
|
is less security sensitive than chmod u+s /usr/bin/cdrskin. The risk for the
|
|
drive is somewhat higher but the overall system is much less at stake.
|
|
.br
|
|
.PP
|
|
If you only got one CD capable drive then you may leave out cdrskin option
|
|
\fBdev=\fP. Else you should use this option to address the drive you want.
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin option dev= not only accepts the listed addresses but also
|
|
traditional cdrecord SCSI addresses which on Linux consist of three
|
|
numbers: Bus,Target,Lun. There is also a related address family "ATA" which
|
|
accesses IDE drives not under control of Linux SCSI drivers:
|
|
ATA:Bus,Target,Lun.
|
|
.br
|
|
See option -scanbus for getting a list of cdrecord style addresses.
|
|
.br
|
|
Further are accepted on Linux: links to libburn-suitable device files,
|
|
device files which have the same major and minor device number,
|
|
and device files which have the same SCSI address parameters (e.g. /dev/sr0).
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-\-help
|
|
Show non-cdrecord compatible options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-help
|
|
Show cdrecord compatible options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-version
|
|
Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin
|
|
version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Alphabetical list of options which are intended to be compatible with
|
|
original cdrecord by Joerg Schilling:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-atip
|
|
Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable".
|
|
With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-audio
|
|
Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio.
|
|
The source is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit,
|
|
stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option
|
|
-swab. Unless marked explicitely by option -data, input files with suffix
|
|
.wav are examined wether they have a header in MS-WAVE format confirming
|
|
those parameters and eventually raw audio data get extracted and burned as
|
|
audio track. Same is done for suffix .au and SUN Audio.
|
|
.br
|
|
Option -audio may be used only with CD media and not with DVD.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI blank= type
|
|
Blank a CD-RW, a DVD-RW, or format a DVD+/-RW.
|
|
This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin.
|
|
The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
help
|
|
Print this list of blanking types.
|
|
.TP
|
|
all
|
|
Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW.
|
|
.TP
|
|
fast
|
|
Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or fully blank an unformatted DVD-RW.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_overwrite
|
|
Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The user should bring some patience.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Note: blank=format_overwrite* are not original cdrecord options.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_overwrite_quickest
|
|
Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MB trailblazer session.
|
|
Leads to "intermediate" state which only allows sequential write
|
|
beginning from address 0.
|
|
The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writing data.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_overwrite_full
|
|
For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full media size
|
|
rather than just 128 MB.
|
|
Most traditional formatting is attempted. No data get written.
|
|
Much patience is required.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option treats already formatted media even if not option -force is given.
|
|
.br
|
|
For DVD+RW this is the only supported explicit formatting type. It provides
|
|
complete "de-icing" so no reader slips on unwritten data areas.
|
|
.TP
|
|
deformat_sequential
|
|
Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank overwriteable DVD-RW.
|
|
This will destroy their formatting and make them sequentially recordable.
|
|
.br
|
|
(Note: blank=deformat_sequential* are not original cdrecord options.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
deformat_sequential_quickest
|
|
Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally.
|
|
This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of
|
|
Incremental Streaming (-tao).
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-checkdrive
|
|
Retrieve some info about the addressed drive.
|
|
Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-dao
|
|
Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode
|
|
or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-data
|
|
Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
|
|
to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI dev= target
|
|
Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
|
|
addresses listed with option --devices,
|
|
X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus,
|
|
ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options dev=ATA -scanbus,
|
|
and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0").
|
|
Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive might work too.
|
|
.br
|
|
If no dev= is given, volatile address "dev=0" is assumed. That is the first
|
|
drive found being available. Better avoid this ambiguity on systems with more
|
|
than one drive.
|
|
.br
|
|
The special target "help" lists hints about available addressing formats.
|
|
Be aware that deprecated option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr may change the meaning
|
|
of Bus,Target,Lun addresses.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI driveropts= opt
|
|
Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive's eventual protection
|
|
mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buffer underrun).
|
|
A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway,
|
|
even if attempted explicitely via "driveropts=burnfree".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-dummy
|
|
Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted
|
|
media. There is no guarantee that this will work with a particular combination
|
|
of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-eject
|
|
Eject the disc after work is done.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-force
|
|
Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn are
|
|
insecure about drive or media state. This includes the attempt to blank
|
|
media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable, and the attempt to use
|
|
write modes which libburn believes they are not supported by the drive.
|
|
.br
|
|
Another application is with blank=format_* to enforce re-formatting of media
|
|
which appear to be sufficiently formatted already.
|
|
.br
|
|
Use this only when in urgent need.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI fs= size
|
|
Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have appended letters which
|
|
multiply the preceding number:
|
|
.br
|
|
"k" or "K" = 1024 , "m" or "M" = 1024k , "g" or "G" = 1024m , "s" or "S" = 2048
|
|
.br
|
|
Set size to 0 in order to disable the fifo (default is "4m").
|
|
.br
|
|
The fifo buffers an eventual temporary surplus of track source data in order to
|
|
provide the drive with a steady stream during times of temporary lack of track
|
|
source supply.
|
|
The larger the fifo, the longer periods of poor source supply can be
|
|
compensated.
|
|
But a large fifo needs substantial time to fill up if not curbed via
|
|
option fifo_start_at=size.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI gracetime= seconds
|
|
Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI msifile= path
|
|
Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file given by path.
|
|
Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect all normal output away from
|
|
standard output. But it may be combined with -msinfo to achieve this.
|
|
.br
|
|
Note: msifile=path is actually an option of wodim and not of cdrecord.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-msinfo
|
|
Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up session by option -C
|
|
of programs mkisofs or genisoimage. Print result to standard output.
|
|
This option redirects to stderr all
|
|
message output besides its own result string, which consists of two numbers.
|
|
The result string shall be used as argument of option -C with said programs.
|
|
It gives the start address of the most recent session and the predicted
|
|
start address of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if
|
|
the most recent session was not written with option -multi.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-multi
|
|
This option keeps the CD or unformatted DVD-R[W] appendable after the current
|
|
session has been written.
|
|
Without it the disc gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it
|
|
is a -RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content.
|
|
.br
|
|
The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode. -multi is prohibited
|
|
with overwriteable DVD media and with DVD-R[W] DAO write mode.
|
|
.br
|
|
In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual ISO-9660
|
|
filesystem of a follow-up
|
|
session needs to be prepared in a special way by the filesystem formatter
|
|
program. mkisofs and genisoimage expect particular info about the situation
|
|
which can be retrieved by cdrskin option -msinfo.
|
|
.br
|
|
To retrieve an archive file which was written as follow-up session,
|
|
you may use option -toc to learn about the "lba" of the desired track number.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-nopad
|
|
Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems
|
|
to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies
|
|
only to data tracks. There it is default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-pad
|
|
Add 30 kB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to
|
|
avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI padsize= size
|
|
Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option
|
|
gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set
|
|
again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-raw96r
|
|
Write CD in RAW/RAW96R mode. This mode allows to put more payload bytes
|
|
into a CD sector but obviously at the cost of error correction. It can only
|
|
be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. Some drives allow this mode but
|
|
then behave strange or even go bad for the next few attempts to burn a CD.
|
|
One should use it only if inavoidable.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-sao
|
|
Write CD in Session At Once mode, resp. a sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once
|
|
(DAO) mode.
|
|
.br
|
|
With CD this mode is able to put several audio tracks on media without
|
|
producing audible gaps between them.
|
|
.br
|
|
With DVD-R[W] this mode can only write a single track.
|
|
No -multi is allowed with DVD-R[W] -sao.
|
|
.br
|
|
-sao can only be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that
|
|
track arguments which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceeded by
|
|
option tsize= or by option tao_to_sao_tsize=.
|
|
.br
|
|
-sao cannot be used on appendable media.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-scanbus
|
|
Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd*
|
|
are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and
|
|
one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all available
|
|
drives in a single run.)
|
|
.br
|
|
Drives which are busy or which offer no rw-permission to the user of cdrskin
|
|
are not listed. Busy drives get reported in form of warning messages.
|
|
.br
|
|
The useful fields in a result line are:
|
|
.br
|
|
Bus,Target,Lun Number) 'Vendor' 'Mode' 'Revision'
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI speed= number
|
|
Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a throughput of
|
|
150,000 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second.
|
|
It is not an error to set a speed higher than is suitable for drive
|
|
and media. One should stay within a realistic speed range, though.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-swab
|
|
Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped
|
|
versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where
|
|
the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel).
|
|
Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order.
|
|
Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with
|
|
suffix ".wav".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-tao
|
|
Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, resp. sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental
|
|
Streaming mode. This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable DVD media.
|
|
.br
|
|
Mode -tao can be used with track sources of unpredictable size, like standard
|
|
input or named pipes. It is also the only mode that can be used for writing
|
|
to appendable media which already hold data. With unformatted DVD-R[W] it is
|
|
the only mode which allows -multi.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-toc
|
|
Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on disc.
|
|
The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which begin with
|
|
"track:", the track number, the word "lba:" and a number which gives the
|
|
start address of the track. Addresses are counted in CD sectors which with
|
|
SAO or TAO data tracks hold 2048 bytes each.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2:
|
|
.br
|
|
tracknumber=2
|
|
.br
|
|
lba=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/cdrom -toc 2>&1 | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
grep '^track:[ ]*[ 0-9][0-9]' | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
tail +"$tracknumber" | head -1 | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
awk '{ print $4}' )
|
|
.br
|
|
dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 skip="$lba" | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
afio -t - | less
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI tsize= size
|
|
Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is necessary with any
|
|
write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a regular disk file, but
|
|
e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named pipe.
|
|
About size specifiers, see option fs=.
|
|
.br
|
|
If the track source does not deliver the predicted amount of bytes, the
|
|
remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is not considered an error.
|
|
If on the other hand the track source delivers more than the announced bytes
|
|
then the track on media gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits
|
|
with non-zero value.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-v
|
|
Increment verbose level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages.
|
|
Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes
|
|
some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options.
|
|
Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or
|
|
startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with
|
|
somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Alphabetical list of options which are genuine to cdrskin and intended for
|
|
normal use:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--allow_setuid
|
|
Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and
|
|
effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary.
|
|
One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--any_track
|
|
Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to
|
|
contain a "=" character.
|
|
By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless
|
|
not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--demand_a_drive
|
|
Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--devices
|
|
List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives. In order to get
|
|
listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may
|
|
not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle drives listed and
|
|
busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages.
|
|
.br
|
|
Each available drive gets listed by a line containing the following fields:
|
|
.br
|
|
Number dev='Devicefile' rw-Permissions : 'Vendor' 'Model'
|
|
.br
|
|
Number and Devicefile can both be used with option dev=, but number is
|
|
volatile (numbering changes if drives become busy).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI fifo_start_at= size
|
|
Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number
|
|
of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput
|
|
near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small
|
|
fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to
|
|
compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning,
|
|
the software protection against buffer underun is as weak as the size of
|
|
fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which
|
|
is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--list_ignored_options
|
|
List all ignored cdrecord options. The --options cannot be used as addresses
|
|
of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an
|
|
option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_rc
|
|
Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and
|
|
interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--single_track
|
|
Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI tao_to_sao_tsize= size
|
|
Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track
|
|
source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified and an
|
|
exact track size prediction is demanded by the write mode.
|
|
.br
|
|
This was the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn
|
|
in mode -tao . It came back with minimally blanked DVD-RW which allow no
|
|
Incremental Streaming (-tao) resp. with explicitly selected write mode -sao
|
|
for best DVD-ROM compatibility.
|
|
.br
|
|
If the track source delivers less bytes than announced then the missing ones
|
|
will be filled with zeros.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI write_start_address= byte_offset
|
|
Set the address on media where to start writing the track. With DVD+RW or
|
|
DVD-RAM byte_offset must be aligned to 2 KB blocks, but better is 32 kB.
|
|
With DVD-RW 32 kB alignment is mandatory.
|
|
.br
|
|
Other media are not suitable for this option yet.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Alphabetical list of options which are only intended for very special
|
|
situations and not for normal use:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--abort_handler
|
|
Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state
|
|
but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations.
|
|
This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or
|
|
--no_abort_handler.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI dev_translation= <sep><from><sep><to>
|
|
Set drive address alias. This was necessary before cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually
|
|
translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin addresses.
|
|
.br
|
|
<sep> is a single character which may not occur in the address string
|
|
<from>. <from> is an address as expected to be given by the user via option
|
|
dev=. <to> is the address to be used instead whenever <from> is given.
|
|
More than one translation instruction can be given in one cdrskin run.
|
|
.br
|
|
E.g.: dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sg1 dev_translation=+ATA:1,1,0+/dev/sg2
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_abort_on_busy
|
|
Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_blocking
|
|
Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free.
|
|
This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_not_exclusive
|
|
Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives.
|
|
Wether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_scsi_exclusive
|
|
Linux specific:
|
|
Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/stK of drive.
|
|
this would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs.
|
|
Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to
|
|
work. Wether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--fifo_disable
|
|
Disable fifo despite any fs=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--fifo_per_track
|
|
Use a separate fifo for each track.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI grab_drive_and_wait= seconds
|
|
Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive,
|
|
and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps
|
|
to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a
|
|
second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still
|
|
active.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--ignore_signals
|
|
Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a
|
|
very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin
|
|
to finish.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_abort_handler
|
|
On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good
|
|
idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_blank_appendable
|
|
Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once
|
|
builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_convert_fs_adr
|
|
Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from test-opening
|
|
device files in order to find one that matches the given dev= specifier.
|
|
.br
|
|
Partly Linux specific:
|
|
Such opening is needed for Bus,Target,Lun addresses unless option
|
|
--old_pseudo_scsi_adr is given. It is also needed to resolve device file
|
|
addresses which are not listed with cdrskin --devices but nevertheless point
|
|
to a usable drive. (Like /dev/sr0 using the same SCSI address as /dev/sg0.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--old_pseudo_scsi_adr
|
|
Linux specific:
|
|
Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and
|
|
pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with
|
|
original cdrecord.
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Get an overview of drives and their addresses:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -scanbus
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin --devices
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Get info about a particular drive or loaded media:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=ATA:1,0,0 -v -atip
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -toc
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Make used CD-RW or used unformatted DVD-RW writable again:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -eject
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/dvd blank=fast -eject
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \\
|
|
.br
|
|
-sao -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly:
|
|
.br
|
|
find . | afio -oZ - | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 \\
|
|
.br
|
|
-tao padsize=300k -
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write several sessions to the same CD or DVD-R[W]:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 1.iso
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 2.iso
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -multi -tao 3.iso
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -v padsize=300k -tao 4.iso
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Get CD or DVD-R[W] multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:
|
|
.br
|
|
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -msinfo 2>/dev/null)
|
|
.br
|
|
mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ...
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write audio tracks to CD:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \\
|
|
.br
|
|
track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on
|
|
startup to read the arguments from the following files:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.br
|
|
.B /etc/default/cdrskin
|
|
.br
|
|
.B /etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
|
|
.br
|
|
.B /etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf
|
|
.br
|
|
.B $HOME/.cdrskinrc
|
|
.br
|
|
.PP
|
|
The files are read in the sequence given above, but none of them is
|
|
required for cdrskin to function properly. Each readable line is treated
|
|
as one single argument. No extra blanks.
|
|
A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored.
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Example content of a startup file:
|
|
.br
|
|
# This is the default device
|
|
.br
|
|
dev=0,1,0
|
|
.br
|
|
# To accomodate to remnant cdrskin-0.2.2 addresses
|
|
.br
|
|
dev_translation=+1,0,0+0,1,0
|
|
.br
|
|
# Some more options
|
|
.br
|
|
fifo_start_at=0
|
|
.br
|
|
fs=16m
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.TP
|
|
Formatting track sources for cdrskin:
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR mkisofs (8),
|
|
.BR genisoimage (8),
|
|
.BR afio (1),
|
|
.BR star (1)
|
|
.br
|
|
.TP
|
|
Other CD/DVD burn programs:
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR cdrecord (1),
|
|
.BR wodim (1)
|
|
.br
|
|
.TP
|
|
For DVD burning (also tutor of libburn's DVD capabilities):
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR growisofs (1)
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>.
|
|
.PP
|
|
This manual page was written by George Danchev <danchev@spnet.net> and
|
|
Thomas Schmitt, for the Debian project and for all others.
|
|
|