1877 lines
74 KiB
Groff
1877 lines
74 KiB
Groff
.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
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.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
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.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
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.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
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.TH CDRSKIN 1 "Version 1.5.6, Jun 07, 2023"
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.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
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.\"
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.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
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.\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7)
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.SH NAME
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cdrskin \- burns preformatted data to CD, DVD, and BD via libburn.
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B cdrskin
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.RI [ options | track_source_addresses ]
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.br
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.PP
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.\" TeX users may be more comfortable with the \fB<whatever>\fP and
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.\" \fI<whatever>\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics,
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.\" respectively.
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.PP
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\fBcdrskin\fP is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options
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in a compatible way for CD media. With DVD and BD it has its own ways.
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You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage.
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.SS
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.B Overview of features:
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.br
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Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW.
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.br
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Formatting of DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD.
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.br
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Burning of data tracks or audio tracks with CD-TEXT to CD,
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.br
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either in versatile Track at Once mode (TAO)
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.br
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or in Session at Once mode for seamless tracks.
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.br
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Multi session on CD (follow-up sessions in TAO only)
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.br
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or on DVD-R[W] (in Incremental mode) or DVD+R[/DL] or BD-R.
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.br
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Single session Disk-at-once on DVD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-R DL.
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.br
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Single session or emulated ISO-9660 multi-session
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.br
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on overwriteable DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE
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.br
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or on data file or block device.
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.br
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Extraction of audio tracks and CD-TEXT to hard disk files.
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.br
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Bus scan, burnfree, speed options, retrieving media info, padding, fifo.
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.br
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See section EXAMPLES at the end of this text.
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.SS
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.B General information paragraphs:
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.br
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Track recording model
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.br
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Write mode selection
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.br
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Recordable CD Media
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.br
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Sequentially Recordable DVD or BD Media
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.br
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Overwriteable DVD or BD Media
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.br
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Drive preparation and addressing
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.br
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Emulated drives
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.SS
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.B Track recording model:
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.br
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The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks.
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A \fBtrack\fP stores a stream of bytes.
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.br
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More than one track can be burned by a single run of cdrskin.
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In the terms of the MMC standard all tracks written by the same run constitute
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a \fBsession\fP.
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.br
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Normally, each track is initiated by one track source address argument,
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which may either be "-" for standard input or the address of a readable file.
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Alternatively, option cuefile= may be used to read a session description
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from a text file and to read the session content from a single data file.
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.br
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If no write mode
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is given explicitly then one will be chosen which matches the peculiarities
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of track sources and the state of the output media.
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.PP
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Some media types can be kept appendable so that further tracks can
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be written to them in subsequent runs of cdrskin (see option -multi).
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Info about the addresses of burned tracks is kept in a table of
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content (TOC) on media and can be retrieved via cdrskin option -toc.
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This information is also used by the operating systems' CD-ROM read drivers.
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.PP
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In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio. They differ in
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sector size, throughput and readability via the systems' CD-ROM drivers
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and by music CD players. With DVD and BD there is only type data.
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.br
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If not explicitly option -audio is given, then any track is burned as type
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data, unless the track source is a file with suffix ".wav" or ".au" and has a
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header part which identifies it as MS-WAVE or SUN Audio with suitable
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parameters. Such files are burned as audio tracks by default.
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.PP
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While audio tracks just contain a given time span of acoustic vibrations,
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data tracks may have an arbitrary meaning. Nevertheless, ISO-9660 filesystems
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are established as a format which can represent a tree of directories and
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files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images can be
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produced by programs mkisofs or genisoimage or xorriso.
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They can also be extended by follow-up tracks if prepared properly.
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See the man pages of said programs.
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cdrskin is able to fulfill the needs about their option -C.
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.br
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Another type of data track content are archive formats which originally
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have been developed for magnetic tapes. Only formats which mark a detectable
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end-of-archive in their data are suitable, though. Well tested are
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the archivers afio and star. Not suitable seems GNU tar.
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.SS
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.B Write mode selection:
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.br
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In general there are two approaches for writing media:
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.br
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A permissive mode selected by option
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.B -tao
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which needs no predicted track size and can use
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multi-session capabilities if offered by drive and medium.
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.br
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A more restrictive mode
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.B -sao
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(alias -dao) which usually demands a predictable track size and is not
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necessarily capable of multi-session. It can be used to write CD-TEXT and
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it is the only one that works with option cuefile=.
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.br
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If none of the options -dao, -tao or -sao is given then the program will
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try to choose a write mode which matches the defined recording job,
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the capabilities of the drive and the state of the present media.
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.br
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So the mentioning of write modes in the following paragraphs and in the
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examples is not so much a demand that the user shall choose one explicitly,
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but rather an illustration of what to expect with particular media types.
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.SS
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.B Recordable CD Media:
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.br
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CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually extended until they
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get closed (or are spoiled because they are overly full). After that they are
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read-only. Closing is done automatically unless option
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.B -multi
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is given which keeps the media appendable.
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.br
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Write mode
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-tao is able to use track sources of unpredictable length (like stdin) and
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to write further sessions to appendable media.
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-sao produces audio sessions with seamless tracks but needs predicted track
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sizes and cannot append sessions to media.
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.br
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CD-RW media can be blanked to make them re-usable for another
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round of overwriting. Usually
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.B blank=fast
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is the appropriate option.
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Blanking damages the previous content but does not
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make it completely unreadable. It is no effective privacy precaution.
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Multiple cycles of blanking and overwriting with random numbers might be
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needed.
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.SS
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.B Sequentially Recordable DVD or BD Media:
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.br
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Currently DVD-RW, DVD-R[DL], DVD+R[DL], and BD-R can be used for the Sequential
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recording model. It resembles the model of CD media. Only DVD-RW can be
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blanked and re-used from scratch.
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.br
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DVD-RW are sequential media if they are in state "Sequential Recording".
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The media must be either blank or appendable.
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Newly purchased DVD-RW and DVD-R media are in this state.
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Used DVD-RW get into blank sequential state by option
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.B blank=deformat_sequential .
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.br
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With DVD-R[W] two write modes may be available:
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.br
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Mode DAO has many restrictions. It does not work with
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appendable media, cannot do -multi and writes only a single track.
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The size of the
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track needs to be known in advance. So either its source has to be a disk file
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of recognizable size or the size has to be announced explicitly by options
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.B tsize=
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or
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.B tao_to_sao_tsize= .
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.br
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DAO is the only mode for DVD-R media which do not offer feature 21h Incremental
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Streaming (e.g. DVD-R DL). DAO may also be selected explicitly by option
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.B -sao .
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Program growisofs uses DAO on sequential DVD-R[W] media for maximum
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DVD-ROM/-Video compatibility.
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.br
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The other mode, Incremental Streaming, is the default write mode if
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it is available and if the restrictions of DAO would prevent the job.
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Incremental Streaming may be selected explicitly by option
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.B -tao
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as it resembles much CD TAO by accepting track sources of
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unpredicted length and being able to keep media appendable by option
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.B -multi . It does not work with DVD-R DL and minimally blanked DVD-RW.
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The only restriction towards CD-R[W] is the lack of support for -audio tracks.
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Multiple tracks per session are permissible.
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.br
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The write modes for DVD+R[/DL] and BD-R resemble those with DVD-R except that
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each track gets wrapped in an own session. There is no -dummy writing
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with DVD+R[/DL] or BD-R.
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.br
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Quite deliberately write mode -sao insists in the tradition of a predicted
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track size and blank media, whereas -tao writes the tracks open ended and
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can be applied to appendable media.
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.br
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BD-R may be formatted before first use to enable the Defect Management which
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might catch and repair some bad spots at the expense of slow speed
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even with flawless media.
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.br
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.B Note:
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Option -multi might make DVD media unreadable in some DVD-ROM drives.
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Best reader compatibility is achieved without it
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(i.e. by single session media).
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.SS
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.B Overwriteable DVD or BD Media:
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.br
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Currently types DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM and BD-RE can be overwritten via
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cdrskin.
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.br
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Option -audio is not allowed. Only one track is allowed.
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Option -multi cannot mark a recognizable end of overwriteable media.
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Therefore -multi is banned unless ISO-9660 images shall be expandable by help
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of option
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.B --grow_overwriteable_iso .
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Without this option or without an ISO-9660 filesystem image present
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on media, -toc does not return information about the media content and
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media get treated as blank regardless whether they hold data or not.
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.br
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Currently there is no difference between -sao and -tao. If ever, then -tao
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will be the mode which preserves the current behavior.
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.PP
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DVD+RW and DVD-RAM media need no special initial formatting. They offer a
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single continuous data area for blockwise random access. BD-RE need
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explicit formatting before use. See
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.B blank=as_needed
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or blank=format_defectmgt .
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.br
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DVD-RW are sold in state "Sequential Recording". To become suitable for the
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Overwriteable DVD recording model they need to get formatted to state
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"Restricted Overwrite". Then they behave much like DVD+RW. This formatting
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can be done by option
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.B blank=format_overwrite .
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.br
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Several programs like dvd+rw-format, cdrecord, wodim, or cdrskin
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can bring a DVD-RW out of overwriteable state so
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that it has to be formatted again. If in doubt, just give it a try.
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.SS
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.B Drive preparation and addressing:
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.br
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The drives, CD, DVD, or BD burners, are accessed via addresses which
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are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed
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by a run of \fBcdrskin --devices\fP or \fBcdrskin --device_links\fP.
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.br
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On Linux, they are device files which traditionally do not offer
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w-permissions for normal users. Because libburn needs rw-permission,
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it might be only the
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.B superuser
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who is able to get this list without further
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precautions.
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.br
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It is consensus that \fBchmod a+rw /dev/sr0\fP or \fBchmod a+rw /dev/hdc\fP
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is less security sensitive than chmod u+s,a+x /usr/bin/cdrskin. The risk for
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the drive is somewhat higher but the overall system is much less at stake.
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Consider to restrict rw-access to a single group which bundles the users who
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are allowed to use the burner drive (like group "floppy").
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.br
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For drive permission examples on Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris,
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see cdrskin/README.
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.br
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.PP
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If you only got one CD capable drive then you may leave out cdrskin option
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\fBdev=\fP. Else you should use this option to address the drive you want.
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.br
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cdrskin option dev= not only accepts the listed addresses but also
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traditional cdrecord SCSI addresses which consist of three numbers:
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Bus,Target,Lun. On Linux there is also a related address family "ATA" which
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accesses IDE drives not under control of Linux SCSI drivers:
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ATA:Bus,Target,Lun.
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.br
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See option -scanbus for getting a list of cdrecord style addresses.
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.br
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Further are accepted: links to libburn-suitable device files,
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device files which have the same major and minor device number,
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and device files which have the same SCSI address parameters (e.g. /dev/sg0).
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.br
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.SS
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.B Emulated drives:
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.br
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Option
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.B --allow_emulated_drives
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enables addressing of pseudo-drives
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which get emulated on top of filesystem objects. Regular data files and
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block devices result in pseudo-drives which behave much like DVD-RAM.
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If the given address does not exist yet but its directory exists, then
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it gets created as regular file.
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Other file types like character devices or pipes result in pseudo-drives
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which behave much like blank DVD-R.
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The target file address is given after prefix "stdio:".
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.br
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E.g.: dev=stdio:/tmp/my_pseudo_drive
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.br
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Addresses of the form "stdio:/dev/fd/<number>" are treated special. The
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number is read literally and used as open file descriptor. With
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dev="stdio:/dev/fd/1" the normal standard output of the program is
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redirected to stderr and the stream data of a burn run will appear on stdout.
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.br
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Not good for terminals ! Redirect it.
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.br
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Pseudo-drives support -dummy. Their reply with --tell_media_space can be utopic.
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-dummy burn runs touch the file but do not modify its data content.
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.br
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Note: --allow_emulated_drives is restricted to stdio:/dev/null if cdrskin
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is run by the
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.B superuser
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or if it has changed user identity via the
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.B setuid
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bit of its access permissions. The ban for the superuser can be lifted by a
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skillfully created file. See section FILES below.
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.br
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BI \-\-help
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Show non-cdrecord compatible options.
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.TP
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.BI \-help
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Show cdrecord compatible options.
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.br
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Note that some of the help texts are quite wrong - for cdrecord as well as
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for cdrskin (e.g. -format, blank=, -load). They are, nevertheless, traditional
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indicators for the availability of the listed options. Some frontend programs
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make decisions after reading them.
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.TP
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.BI \-version
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Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin
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version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if available), and then exit.
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.PP
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Alphabetical list of options which are intended to be compatible with
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original cdrecord by Joerg Schilling:
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.TP
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.BI \-atip
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Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable".
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With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text. With BD media
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print "Mounted Media:" and media type text.
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.TP
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.BI \-audio
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Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio.
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The source is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit,
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stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option
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-swab. Unless marked explicitly by option -data, input files with suffix
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".wav" are examined whether they have a header in MS-WAVE format confirming
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those parameters and eventually raw audio data get extracted and burned as
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audio track. Same is done for suffix ".au" and SUN Audio.
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.br
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Option -audio may be used only with CD media and not with DVD or BD.
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.TP
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.BI blank= type
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Blank a CD-RW, DVD-RW, or format a DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD.
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This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin.
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The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
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.RS
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.TP
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as_needed
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Try to make the media ready for writing from scratch. If it needs formatting,
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then format it. If it is not blank, then try to apply blank=fast.
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It is a reason to abort if the media cannot assume thoroughly writeable state,
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e.g. if it is non-blank write-once.
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.br
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This leaves unformatted DVD-RW in unformatted blank state. To format DVD-RW use
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blank=format_overwriteable. Blank unformatted BD-R stay unformatted.
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.br
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(Note: blank=as_needed is not an original cdrecord option.)
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.TP
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The following blank types are specific to particular media familes. Use them if special features are desired.
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.TP
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all
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Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW.
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(See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso)
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.TP
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fast
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Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank an unformatted DVD-RW.
|
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(See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso)
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.TP
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deformat_sequential
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Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank overwriteable DVD-RW.
|
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This will destroy their formatting and make them sequentially recordable.
|
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Another peculiarity is the ability to blank media which appear already blank.
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This is similar to option -force but does not try to blank media other than
|
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recognizable CD-RW and DVD-RW.
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.br
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(Note: blank=deformat_* are not original cdrecord options.)
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.TP
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deformat_sequential_quickest
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Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally.
|
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This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of
|
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Incremental Streaming (-tao).
|
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.TP
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format_if_needed
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Format a media if it is not formatted yet,
|
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and if cdrskin supports formatting for the media type,
|
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and if formatting will not happen automatically during write.
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This currently applies to unformatted DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE,
|
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and blank unformatted BD-R.
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Eventually the appropriate default formatting is chosen.
|
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If other media or states are encountered then nothing happens.
|
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.br
|
|
The following formatting types are more specialized to particular
|
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media families.
|
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.TP
|
|
format_overwrite
|
|
Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The user should bring some patience.
|
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.br
|
|
(Note: blank=format_* are not original cdrecord options.)
|
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.TP
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format_overwrite_quickest
|
|
Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MiB trailblazer session.
|
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Leads to "intermediate" state which only supports sequential write
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beginning from address 0.
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The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writing data.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_overwrite_full
|
|
For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full media size
|
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rather than just 128 MiB.
|
|
Most traditional formatting is attempted. No data get written.
|
|
Much patience is required.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option treats already formatted media even if not option -force is given.
|
|
.br
|
|
For DVD+RW this is the only supported explicit formatting type. It provides
|
|
complete "de-icing" so no reader slips on unwritten data areas.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt
|
|
Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve the default amount of spare blocks for
|
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defect management.
|
|
.br
|
|
The following format_defectmgt_* enable the user to submit wishes which
|
|
nevertheless have to match one of the available formats. These formats are
|
|
offered by the drive after examining the media.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt_cert_off
|
|
Disable the usual media quality certification in order to save time and
|
|
format to default size.
|
|
The certification setting persists even if subsequent blank= options override
|
|
the size of the format selection.
|
|
.br
|
|
Whether formatting without certification works properly depends much on the
|
|
drive. One should check the "Format status:" from --list_formats afterwards.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt_cert_on
|
|
Re-enable the usual media quality certification and format to default size.
|
|
The certification setting persists like with format_defectmgt_cert_off.
|
|
.br
|
|
Whether there happens certification at all depends much on the media state
|
|
and the actually selected format descriptor.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt_max
|
|
Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a maximum number of spare blocks.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt_min
|
|
Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a minimum number of spare blocks.
|
|
It might be necessary to format format_defectmgt_none first in order to get
|
|
offered the most minmal spare blocks sizes for format_defectmgt_min.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt_none
|
|
Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to the largest available payload in the hope to disable
|
|
defect management at all. This may or may not have a speed increasing effect.
|
|
Unformatted blank BD-R will be left unformatted.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_defectmgt_payload_<size>
|
|
Format DVD-RAM or BD. The text after "format_defectmgt_payload_" gives a
|
|
number of bytes, eventually with suffixes "s", "k", "m". The largest number
|
|
of spare blocks will be chosen which enables at least the given payload size.
|
|
.TP
|
|
format_by_index_<number>
|
|
Format DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD.
|
|
The number after "format_by_index_" is used as index to the list of available
|
|
format descriptors. This list can be obtained by option --list_formats.
|
|
The numbers after text "Format idx" are the ones to be used with
|
|
format_by_index_. Format descriptor lists are volatile. Do neither eject
|
|
nor write the media between the run of --list_formats and the run of
|
|
blank=format_by_index_ or else you may get a different format than desired.
|
|
.TP
|
|
help
|
|
Print this list of blanking types.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-checkdrive
|
|
Retrieve some info about the addressed drive and then exit.
|
|
Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-copy
|
|
Create the subsequent tracks with permission for an unlimited number of copies.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI cuefile= path
|
|
Read a session description from a cue sheet file in CDRWIN format.
|
|
Base the tracks on a single file which is given in the sheet by command FILE.
|
|
To enable CD-TEXT from the cue sheet file, cdrskin option -text has to be
|
|
present.
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin currently supports TRACK datatypes AUDIO and MODE1/2048 which may
|
|
not be mixed.
|
|
Data source may be of FILE type BINARY, MOTOROLA, or WAVE.
|
|
.br
|
|
Non-CDRWIN commands ARRANGER, COMPOSER, MESSAGE are supported.
|
|
.br
|
|
Cue sheet file commands CATALOG and ISRC may be overridden by option mcn=
|
|
and by input_sheet_v07t= purpose specifiers "UPC / EAN" and "ISRC".
|
|
This does not affect their appearance in CD-TEXT, but only on Q sub-channel.
|
|
.br
|
|
The track numbers may be overridden by option cd_start_tno=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-dao
|
|
Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode
|
|
or DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once mode.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-data
|
|
Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
|
|
to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio or -xa1.
|
|
.br
|
|
Options -mode2, -xa, and -xa2 get mapped to -data, not using the desired CD
|
|
sector formats and thus not taking advantage of eventual higher payload.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-xa1
|
|
Subsequent tracks are data tracks with input suitable for CD-ROM XA mode 2
|
|
form 1. This differs from -data input by 8 additional header bytes per block.
|
|
cdrskin will not write CD-ROM XA but rather strip the header bytes and write as
|
|
-data tracks.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI dev= target
|
|
Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
|
|
addresses listed with options --devices or --device_links,
|
|
X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus,
|
|
ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options dev=ATA -scanbus,
|
|
and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0").
|
|
Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive might work too.
|
|
.br
|
|
If no dev= is given, volatile address "dev=0" is assumed. That is the first
|
|
drive found being available. Better avoid this ambiguity on systems with more
|
|
than one drive.
|
|
.br
|
|
The special target "help" lists hints about available addressing formats.
|
|
Be aware that deprecated option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr may change the meaning
|
|
of Bus,Target,Lun addresses.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI driveropts= opt
|
|
Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive's eventual protection
|
|
mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buffer underrun).
|
|
A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway,
|
|
even if attempted explicitly via "driveropts=burnfree".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-dummy
|
|
Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted
|
|
media. There is no warranty that this will work with a particular combination
|
|
of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though.
|
|
To avoid inadverted real burning, -dummy refuses burn runs on anything but
|
|
CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], or emulated stdio-drives.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-eject
|
|
Eject the disc after work is done.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-force
|
|
Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn are
|
|
refusing because of concerns about drive or media state.
|
|
.br
|
|
.B Caution:
|
|
Use option -force only when in urgent need.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option enables the attempt to blank
|
|
media which are classified as unknown or unsuitable, and the attempt to use
|
|
write modes of which libburn believes they are not supported by the drive.
|
|
.br
|
|
Another application is to enforce blanking or re-formatting of media
|
|
which appear to be in the desired blank or format state already.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option enables a burn run with option -dummy even if libburn believes
|
|
that drive and media will not simulate the write mode but will write for real.
|
|
.br
|
|
It enables a burn run where cdrskin expects to exceed the available media
|
|
capacity. This is known as "overburn" and might succeed on CD media with
|
|
write type SAO.
|
|
.B Too much overburning
|
|
might be
|
|
.B harmful to the medium
|
|
and might
|
|
.B make the drive unusable
|
|
(hopefully only until it gets powered off and on). The man page of cdrecord
|
|
mentions 88 seconds = 6600 blocks as halfways safe amount over the official
|
|
medium capacity. The assessment of track sizes by libburn will be wrong if
|
|
the written size reaches or exceeds 90 minutes = 405000 sectors. The overall
|
|
medium size assessment by the Linux kernel is supposed to yield roughly the
|
|
written size, but you should test this yourself with every overburnt medium.
|
|
.br
|
|
First consider to use a medium with more capacity rather than trying to
|
|
overburn a CD.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-format
|
|
Same as blank=format_overwrite_full -force but restricted to DVD+RW.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI fs= size
|
|
Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have appended letters which
|
|
multiply the preceding number:
|
|
.br
|
|
"k" or "K" = 1024 , "m" or "M" = 1024k , "g" or "G" = 1024m , "s" or "S" = 2048
|
|
.br
|
|
Set size to 0 in order to disable the fifo (default is "4m").
|
|
.br
|
|
The fifo buffers an eventual temporary surplus of track source data in order to
|
|
provide the drive with a steady stream during times of temporary lack of track
|
|
source supply.
|
|
The larger the fifo, the longer periods of poor source supply can be
|
|
compensated.
|
|
But a large fifo needs substantial time to fill up if not curbed via
|
|
option fifo_start_at=size.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI gracetime= seconds
|
|
Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -immed
|
|
Equivalent to:
|
|
.br
|
|
modesty_on_drive=1:min_percent=75:max_percent=95
|
|
.br
|
|
The name of this cdrecord option stems from the "Immed" bit which can make some
|
|
long running drive commands asynchronous and thus eases the load on some
|
|
wiring hardware types. Regardless of option -immed, cdrskin uses asynchronous
|
|
commands where possible and appropriate. To really disable asynchronous command
|
|
execution, use option use_immed_bit=off .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI index= list
|
|
Set a comma separated list of index start address numbers for the next track.
|
|
This applies to CD SAO sessions only.
|
|
.br
|
|
The addresses count sectors from the start of the next track. The first number
|
|
is for index 1 and must be 0. The following numbers have to be larger than
|
|
their respective predecessors. Up to 99 numbers are allowed.
|
|
.br
|
|
Sector numbers are computed from Min:Sec:Frame addresses by
|
|
.br
|
|
Sector = ((Min*60)+Sec)*75+Frame
|
|
.br
|
|
E.g.: "0,7512,20408" sets index 2 to 01:40:12 and index 3 to 04:32:08.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -inq
|
|
Print the identification of the drive and then exit.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -isosize
|
|
The next track following this option will try to obtain its source size from
|
|
the header information out of the first few blocks of the source data.
|
|
If these blocks indicate an ISO-9660 filesystem then its declared size
|
|
will be used under the assumption that it is a single session filesystem.
|
|
.br
|
|
If not, then the burn run will be aborted.
|
|
.br
|
|
The range of -isosize is exactly one track. Further tracks may be preceded
|
|
by further -isosize options, though. At least 15 blocks of padding will be
|
|
added to each -isosize track. But be advised to rather use padsize=300k.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option can be performed on track sources which are regular files or block
|
|
devices. For the first track of the session it can be performed on any type
|
|
of source if there is a fifo of at least 64 kiB. See option fs= .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI isrc= text
|
|
Set the ISRC for the next track source to the given text, which must be exactly
|
|
13 characters long. It must comply to the format CCOOOYYSSSSS.
|
|
.br
|
|
CC is the country code. OOO is the owner code. Both may consist of capital
|
|
letters A to Z and of decimal digits 0 to 9. YY depicts the year (00 to 99).
|
|
SSSSS is the serial number (00000 to 99999).
|
|
.br
|
|
This option does not affect CD-TEXT but only the Q sub-channel.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -load
|
|
Load the media and exit. Exit value is 0 if any kind of media was found, non
|
|
zero else. Note: Option -eject will unload the media even if -load is given.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -lock
|
|
Like option -load but leave the drive's eject button disabled if there is any
|
|
media found and not option -eject is given.
|
|
.br
|
|
Use program "eject" or cdrskin -eject to get the tray out of the drive.
|
|
Runs of programs like cdrecord, growisofs, wodim, cdrskin will not be hampered
|
|
and normally enable the drive's eject button when they are done.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI mcn= text
|
|
Set the CD Media Catalog Number to text, which must be exactly 13 characters
|
|
long and should consist of decimal digits.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option does not affect CD-TEXT but only the Q sub-channel.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI minbuf= percentage
|
|
Equivalent to:
|
|
.br
|
|
modesty_on_drive=1:min_percent=<percentage>:max_percent=95
|
|
.br
|
|
Percentage is permissible between 25 and 95.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI -minfo
|
|
Print information about the loaded media. This includes media type, writability
|
|
state, and a quite readable table of content.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI msifile= path
|
|
Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file given by path.
|
|
Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect all normal output away from
|
|
standard output. But it may be combined with -msinfo to achieve this.
|
|
.br
|
|
Note: msifile=path is actually an option of wodim and not of cdrecord.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-msinfo
|
|
Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up session by option -C
|
|
of programs mkisofs, genisoimage, or xorriso -as mkisofs.
|
|
Print result to standard output.
|
|
This option redirects to stderr all message output except the one of option
|
|
--tell_media_space and its own result string, which consists of two numbers.
|
|
The result string shall be used as argument of option -C with said programs.
|
|
It gives the start address of the most recent session and the predicted
|
|
start address of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if
|
|
the most recent session was not written with option -multi.
|
|
.br
|
|
To have a chance for working on overwriteable media, this option has to be
|
|
accompanied by option --grow_overwriteable_iso.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-multi
|
|
This option keeps CD, unformatted DVD-R[W], DVD+R, or BD-R appendable
|
|
after the current session has been written.
|
|
Without it the disc gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it
|
|
is a -RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content.
|
|
.br
|
|
The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode. -multi is prohibited
|
|
with DVD-R[W] DAO write mode and on DVD-R DL media.
|
|
Option --prodvd_cli_compatible eventually makes
|
|
-multi tolerable but cannot make it work.
|
|
.br
|
|
In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual ISO-9660
|
|
filesystem of a follow-up
|
|
session needs to be prepared in a special way by the filesystem formatter
|
|
program. mkisofs and genisoimage expect particular info about the situation
|
|
which can be retrieved by cdrskin option -msinfo.
|
|
.br
|
|
To retrieve an archive file which was written as follow-up session,
|
|
you may use option -toc to learn about the "lba" of the desired track number.
|
|
This lba is the address of the 2048 byte block where the archive begins.
|
|
.br
|
|
With overwriteable DVD or BD media, -multi cannot mark the end of the session.
|
|
So when adding a new session this end has to be determined from the payload.
|
|
Currently only ISO-9660 filesystems can be used that way. See option
|
|
.B \--grow_overwriteable_iso
|
|
for lifting the ban on -multi.
|
|
.br
|
|
Note: -multi might make DVD media unreadable in some DVD-ROM drives.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-nocopy
|
|
Create subsequent tracks with permission for a single level of copies.
|
|
I.e. those copies would then be marked by -scms as offering no permission
|
|
for further copies.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-nopad
|
|
Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems
|
|
to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies
|
|
only to data tracks. There it is default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-nopreemp
|
|
Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered without pre-emphasis.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-pad
|
|
Add 30 kiB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not sufficient to
|
|
avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI padsize= size
|
|
Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option
|
|
gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is written. It may be set
|
|
again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-preemp
|
|
Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with pre-emphasis.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-sao
|
|
Write CD in Session At Once mode or sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc-at-once
|
|
(DAO) mode.
|
|
.br
|
|
With CD this mode is able to put several audio tracks on media without
|
|
producing audible gaps between them.
|
|
.br
|
|
With DVD-R[W] this mode can only write a single track.
|
|
No -multi is allowed with DVD-R[W] -sao.
|
|
.br
|
|
-sao is permissible with overwriteable DVD, or DVD+R[/DL], or BD but actually
|
|
only imposes restrictions without providing known advantages.
|
|
.br
|
|
-sao can only be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that
|
|
track arguments which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceded by
|
|
option tsize= or by option tao_to_sao_tsize=.
|
|
.br
|
|
-sao cannot be used on appendable media.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-scanbus
|
|
Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd*
|
|
are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and
|
|
one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all available
|
|
drives in a single run.)
|
|
.br
|
|
Drives which are busy or which offer no rw-permission to the user of cdrskin
|
|
are not listed. Busy drives get reported in form of warning messages.
|
|
.br
|
|
The useful fields in a result line are:
|
|
.br
|
|
Bus,Target,Lun Number) 'Vendor' 'Mode' 'Revision'
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-scms
|
|
Create subsequent tracks without permission for being copied. This is usually
|
|
done for tracks which are copies of tracks that were marked with -nocopy
|
|
(but not yet with -scms). So copies of copies are prohibited.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option gets reset by option -copy. Thus the combination -copy -nocopy
|
|
means -nocopy surely without -scms.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI speed= number
|
|
Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a throughput of
|
|
153,600 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second.
|
|
With BD 1x = 4,495,625 bytes/second.
|
|
It is not an error to set a speed higher than is suitable for drive
|
|
and media. One should stay within a realistic speed range, though.
|
|
Special speed settings are:
|
|
.br
|
|
0 = minimal speed , -1 = maximal speed (default), text "any" = like -1.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-swab
|
|
Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped
|
|
versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where
|
|
the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel).
|
|
Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order.
|
|
Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with
|
|
suffix ".wav".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-tao
|
|
Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental
|
|
Streaming mode, or DVD+R[/DL] without traditional -sao restrictions.
|
|
This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable media
|
|
.br
|
|
Mode -tao can be used with track sources of unpredictable size, like standard
|
|
input or named pipes. It is also the only mode that can be used for writing
|
|
to appendable media which already hold data. With unformatted DVD-R[W] it is
|
|
the only mode which can keep media appendable by option -multi.
|
|
.br
|
|
Mode -tao is not usable for minimally blanked DVD-RW and for DVD-R DL.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-text
|
|
Enable writing of CD-TEXT attributes read by option cuefile=.
|
|
Without option -text, cue sheet file command CDTEXTFILE will be ignored and
|
|
no CD-TEXT attributes will be read from the file. Nevertheless, CATALOG and
|
|
ISRC will have the same effect as options mcn= and isrc=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI textfile= path
|
|
Read CD-TEXT packs from the file depicted by path and put them into the
|
|
Lead-in of the emerging session. This session has to be done by Session At Once
|
|
(SAO) mode and may only contain audio tracks.
|
|
.br
|
|
path must lead to a regular file, which consists of an optional header of four
|
|
bytes and one or more text packs of 18 bytes each. Suitable would be the
|
|
file 'cdtext.dat' which gets extracted from CD media by options -vv -toc
|
|
and shown in human readable form by -vvv -toc.
|
|
.br
|
|
The header, if present, must tell the file size minus 2, encoded as big-endian
|
|
16 bit word. The other two bytes must be 0.
|
|
.br
|
|
If there is no 4-byte header, then a trailing 0-byte, as of Sony specification,
|
|
is tolerated and ignored.
|
|
.br
|
|
A text pack consists of a pack type byte, a track number byte, a counter byte,
|
|
a Block Number and Character Indicator byte, 12 text characters or data bytes,
|
|
two optional CRC bytes. For details see libburn documentation file
|
|
doc/cdtext.txt.
|
|
.br
|
|
By default, the input file is checked for correct CRC bytes. If all CRC bytes
|
|
are 0, then the correct values get silently inserted. If there are non-zero
|
|
CRC bytes, then a mismatch causes the abort of the burn run.
|
|
This check can be disabled by option -force.
|
|
.br
|
|
Note that this option overrides option input_sheet_v07t= .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-toc
|
|
Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on disc.
|
|
The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which begin with
|
|
"track:", the track number, the word "lba:" and a number which gives the
|
|
start address of the track. Addresses are counted in CD sectors which with
|
|
SAO or TAO data tracks hold 2048 bytes each.
|
|
.br
|
|
If verbosity is set to level 2 (-v -v) then the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in
|
|
of an audio CD get extracted and written into file 'cdtext.dat', if that file
|
|
does not yet exist. Prepended is a 4 byte header, followed by one or more
|
|
packs of 18 bytes each.
|
|
.br
|
|
Verbosity level 3 causes the CD-TEXT packs to be printed as hex numbers to
|
|
standard output. Bytes 4 to 15 of certain pack types are printed as ASCII
|
|
characters if they have values in the range of 32 to 126.
|
|
.br
|
|
See option textfile= for more information about the text pack format.
|
|
.RS
|
|
.TP
|
|
Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2:
|
|
.br
|
|
tracknumber=2
|
|
.br
|
|
lba=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/cdrom -toc 2>&1 | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
grep '^track:[ ]*[ 0-9][0-9]' | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
tail +"$tracknumber" | head -1 | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
awk '{ print $4}' )
|
|
.br
|
|
dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 skip="$lba" | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
afio -t - | less
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI tsize= size
|
|
Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is necessary with any
|
|
write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a regular disk file, but
|
|
e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named pipe.
|
|
About size specifiers, see option fs=.
|
|
.br
|
|
If the track source does not deliver the predicted amount of bytes, the
|
|
remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is not considered an error.
|
|
If on the other hand the track source delivers more than the announced bytes
|
|
then the track on media gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits
|
|
with non-zero value.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-v
|
|
Increment verbosity level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages.
|
|
Level 1 prints progress report with long running operations and also causes
|
|
some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options.
|
|
Level 2 additionally reports about option settings derived from arguments or
|
|
startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with
|
|
somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-V
|
|
Enable logging of SCSI commands to stderr. This is helpful for expert
|
|
examination of the interaction between libburn and the drive.
|
|
The commands are specified in SCSI-3 standards SPC, SBC, MMC.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-waiti
|
|
Wait until input data is available at stdin or EOF occurs at stdin.
|
|
Only then begin to access any drives.
|
|
.br
|
|
One should use this if cdrskin is working at the end of a pipe where the
|
|
feeder process reads from the drive before it starts writing its output into
|
|
cdrskin. Example:
|
|
.br
|
|
mkisofs ... -C 0,12800 -M /dev/sr0 | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 ... -waiti -
|
|
.br
|
|
This option works even if stdin is not among the track sources. If no process
|
|
is piping in, then the Enter key of your terminal will act as trigger for
|
|
cdrskin. Note that this input line will not be consumed by cdrskin if stdin
|
|
is not among the track sources. It will end up as shell command, usually.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Alphabetical list of options which are genuine to cdrskin and intended for
|
|
normal use:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--adjust_speed_to_drive
|
|
Curb explicitly given speed= values to the maximum which is announced by the
|
|
drive for the loaded media. By default, such an adjustment is only made with
|
|
pseudo-speeds 0 and -1 whereas speed settings > 0 are sent unchanged to the
|
|
drive which will then choose an appropriate speed on its own.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--allow_emulated_drives
|
|
Enable drive addresses of the form dev=stdio:<path>. See above, paragraph
|
|
"Drive preparation and addressing".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--allow_setuid
|
|
Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and
|
|
effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary.
|
|
One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--any_track
|
|
Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to
|
|
contain a "=" character.
|
|
By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless
|
|
not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI assert_write_lba= block_number | byte_address
|
|
Abort if the write address given with this option is not the same as predicted
|
|
immediately before the write session starts. This option can ensure that a
|
|
start address which was presumed by a formatter like mkisofs -C is really used
|
|
by the drive for writing.
|
|
assert_write_lba=0 effectively demands blank media and excludes appendables.
|
|
.br
|
|
Block numbering is peculiar: If the last character of the option string is
|
|
a letter [a-zA-Z] then the usual unit scaling by "s", "k", "m", etc. applies
|
|
and the result is divided by 2048. Else the number value of the string is
|
|
taken as plain block number with block size 2048 byte.
|
|
(E.g ...=1000 or ...=1000s means block 1000, ...=1m means block
|
|
512, ...=4096b means block number 2)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI cd_start_tno= number
|
|
Set the number which shall be written as CD track number with the first
|
|
track of the session. The following tracks will then get written with
|
|
consecutive CD track numbers. The resulting number of the last track
|
|
must not exceed 99. The lowest possible start number is 1, which is also
|
|
the default.
|
|
.br
|
|
This setting applies only to CD SAO writing. It overrides the track number
|
|
settings caused by options cuefile= or input_sheet_v07t=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI cdtext_to_textfile= path
|
|
Extract the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD and write them to
|
|
the file with the given path. If CD-TEXT can be retrieved, then this file
|
|
will be suitable for option textfile=.
|
|
.br
|
|
Not all drives can read CD-TEXT and not all audio CDs bear CD-TEXT.
|
|
It is not considered an error if no CD-TEXT is available.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI cdtext_to_v07t= path
|
|
Extract the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD and write them
|
|
as human readable Sony Input Sheet Version 0.7T to the file with the
|
|
given path. If CD-TEXT can be retrieved, then this file
|
|
will be suitable for option input_sheet_v07t=.
|
|
.br
|
|
If the given path is "-", then the result is printed to standard output.
|
|
.br
|
|
Not all drives can read CD-TEXT and not all audio CDs bear CD-TEXT.
|
|
It is not considered an error if no CD-TEXT is available.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--demand_a_drive
|
|
Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--devices
|
|
List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives. In order to get
|
|
listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may
|
|
not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle drives listed and
|
|
busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages.
|
|
.br
|
|
Each available drive gets listed by a line containing the following fields:
|
|
.br
|
|
Number dev='Devicefile' rw-Permissions : 'Vendor' 'Model'
|
|
.br
|
|
Number and Devicefile can both be used with option dev=, but number is
|
|
volatile (numbering changes if drives become busy).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--device_links
|
|
Like --devices, but presenting the drives with addresses of symbolic links
|
|
which point to the actual device files.
|
|
.br
|
|
Modern GNU/Linux systems may shuffle drive addresses from boot to boot.
|
|
The udev daemon is supposed to create links which always point to the
|
|
same drive, regardless of its system address.
|
|
Option --device_links shows the addresses of such links if they begin
|
|
by "/dev/dvd" or "/dev/cd".
|
|
Precedence is: "dvdrw", "cdrw", "dvd", "cdrom", "cd".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI direct_write_amount= size
|
|
Do not write a session with tracks but rather make an appropriate number of
|
|
direct write operations with no preparations. Flushing the drive buffer will
|
|
be the only finalization. It is advised to eject the media afterwards because
|
|
the write operations circumvent the usual system i/o with its caches and
|
|
buffers. By ejecting, those invalid memory copies get surely discarded.
|
|
.br
|
|
Only few media can be written this way: DVD-RAM, BD-RE, RVD+RW and
|
|
overwriteable DVD-RW. Writing is restricted to the already formatted
|
|
area of the media.
|
|
.br
|
|
Writing starts at byte 0 of the media or at the address given by option
|
|
.B write_start_address= .
|
|
Only the first track source is used as input for the write operations.
|
|
The fifo (fs=) is disabled.
|
|
.br
|
|
Parameter
|
|
.B size
|
|
controls the amount of data to be written. Size 0 means that the track source
|
|
shall be used up until EOF. In this case, the last write transaction gets
|
|
padded up to the necessary size by zeros. Size -1 revokes direct writing
|
|
and switches back to normal session oriented writing.
|
|
.br
|
|
Both, write_start_address and direct_write_amount size must be aligned to a
|
|
media dependent transaction size. With DVD-RAM, BD-RE, DVD+RW this is 2k, with
|
|
overwriteable DVD-RW it is 32k.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI dvd_obs= default|32k|64k
|
|
Set the number of bytes to be transmitted with each write operation to DVD
|
|
or BD media. With most write types, tracks get padded up to the next multiple
|
|
of this write size (see option --obs_pad).
|
|
A number of 64 KB may improve throughput with systems
|
|
which show latency problems. The default depends on media type, option
|
|
stream_recording=, and on compile time options.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI extract_audio_to= directory_path
|
|
Extract tracks from an audio CD as separate WAVE audio files into the
|
|
given directory.
|
|
This directory has to already exist, but none of the track files may exist.
|
|
This option will rather fail than overwrite an existing file.
|
|
.br
|
|
By default all tracks of the CD are extracted to files with names
|
|
NN.wav, where NN is the track number from 01 to at most 99.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI extract_basename= name
|
|
Set a filename prefix which shall be used by extract_audio_to= instead of the
|
|
empty default name prefix.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI --extract_dap
|
|
Enable Digital Audio Play flaw obscuring mechanisms
|
|
like audio data mute and interpolate.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI extract_tracks= number[,number[,...]]
|
|
Set a list of track numbers to define which tracks shall be extracted
|
|
by extract_audio_to=.
|
|
If no extract_tracks= is given, then all audio tracks get extracted.
|
|
It is permissible to have more than one extract_tracks= option in order
|
|
to split a long list into shorter pieces.
|
|
.br
|
|
The lowest permissible track number is 1, the highest is 99.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI fallback_program= command
|
|
Set a command name to be executed if cdrskin encounters a known cdrecord
|
|
option which it does not yet support. If a non-empty command is given with
|
|
fallback_program=, and if no essential options are given which are specific
|
|
to cdrskin, then cdrskin will delegate the job to said command.
|
|
.br
|
|
The natural commands to be given are cdrecord or wodim but one may well submit
|
|
the address of an own program.
|
|
.br
|
|
The fallback program will get all arguments of cdrskin which do not match
|
|
the shell patterns --?* or *_*=* . This eventually suppresses path names of
|
|
track sources which happen to match those patterns. The options from the
|
|
startup files are not handed to the fallback program.
|
|
.br
|
|
Fallback program execution is disabled if cdrskin is run setuid and not
|
|
option --allow_setuid is given. In general, the drive's device files and the
|
|
involved programs should be set up so that each program runs under its advised
|
|
conditions. (E.g. cdrskin as member of group floppy, cdrecord setuid root.)
|
|
.br
|
|
Two alias names for cdrskin are predefined with default fallback programs:
|
|
.br
|
|
.B unicord
|
|
implies fallback_program=cdrecord
|
|
.br
|
|
.B codim
|
|
implies fallback_program=wodim
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI --four_channel
|
|
Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with four channels.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI fifo_start_at= size
|
|
Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number
|
|
of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput
|
|
near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small
|
|
fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to
|
|
compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning,
|
|
the software protection against buffer underrun is as weak as the size of
|
|
fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which
|
|
is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--grow_overwriteable_iso
|
|
Enable emulation of multi-session writing on overwriteable media which
|
|
contain an ISO-9660 filesystem. This emulation is learned from growisofs -M
|
|
but adapted to the usage model of
|
|
.br
|
|
.B cdrskin -msinfo
|
|
.br
|
|
.B mkisofs -C -M | cdrskin -waiti [-multi] -
|
|
.br
|
|
--grow_overwriteable_iso does not hamper the use of true multi-session media.
|
|
I.e. it is possible to use the same cdrskin options with both kinds of media
|
|
and to achieve similar results if ISO-9660 filesystem images are to be written.
|
|
This option implies option -isosize and therefore demands that the track
|
|
source is a ISO-9660 filesystem image.
|
|
.br
|
|
With overwriteable media and no option blank=fast|all present it expands an
|
|
eventual ISO-9660 filesystem on media. It is assumed that this image's inner
|
|
size description points to the end of the valuable data.
|
|
Overwriteable media with a recognizable ISO-9660 size will be regarded as
|
|
appendable rather than as blank. I.e. options -msinfo and -toc will work.
|
|
-toc will always show a single session with its size increasing with
|
|
every added mkisofs image.
|
|
.br
|
|
If not overridden by option write_start_address=, the track with the new image
|
|
will be placed behind the end of the old one. One may use option
|
|
assert_write_lba= to make sure that media state and mkisofs job do match.
|
|
.br
|
|
--grow_overwriteable_iso causes option blank=fast|all to invalidate an
|
|
eventual ISO-9660 image by altering the first few bytes of block 16 on
|
|
overwriteable media.
|
|
Option -multi is tolerated in order not to hamper true multi-session media.
|
|
.br
|
|
An equivalent of growisofs -Z for overwriteable media is:
|
|
.br
|
|
.B mkisofs | cdrskin --grow_overwriteable_iso blank=fast [-multi] -
|
|
.br
|
|
With multi-session DVD, blank=fast will act like dvd+rw-format -blank=full .
|
|
.br
|
|
growisofs -dvd-compat is roughly equivalent to cdrskin without option -multi.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI input_sheet_v07t= path
|
|
Read CD-TEXT definitions from a Sony Input Sheet version 0.7T. Up to eight
|
|
or seven such sheets can be read by multiple input_sheet_v07t= options.
|
|
Each will define one CD-TEXT language block.
|
|
.br
|
|
The first line of a sheet file decides whether more than one sheet
|
|
may be defined by the file. If it is
|
|
.br
|
|
Input Sheet Version = 0.7T
|
|
.br
|
|
then each further line with that text switches to the next sheet for the next block.
|
|
If it is not, then all definitions apply to a single block.
|
|
.br
|
|
The information in such a sheet is given by text lines of the following form:
|
|
.br
|
|
purpose specifier [whitespace] = [whitespace] content text
|
|
.br
|
|
[whitespace] is zero or more ASCII 32 (space) or ASCII 9 (tab) characters.
|
|
The purpose specifier tells the meaning of the content text.
|
|
Empty content text does not cause a CD-TEXT attribute to be attached.
|
|
.br
|
|
The following purpose specifiers apply to the session as a whole:
|
|
.br
|
|
Purpose specifier | Content example
|
|
.br
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.br
|
|
Text Code = 8859
|
|
.br
|
|
Language Code = English
|
|
.br
|
|
Album Title = Joyful Nights
|
|
.br
|
|
Artist Name = United Cat Orchestra
|
|
.br
|
|
Songwriter = Various Songwriters
|
|
.br
|
|
Composer = Various Composers
|
|
.br
|
|
Arranger = Tom Cat
|
|
.br
|
|
Album Message = For all our fans
|
|
.br
|
|
Catalog Number = 1234567890
|
|
.br
|
|
Genre Code = Classical
|
|
.br
|
|
Genre Information = Feline classic music
|
|
.br
|
|
Closed Information = This is not to be shown by CD players
|
|
.br
|
|
UPC / EAN = 1234567890123
|
|
.br
|
|
Text Data Copy Protection = OFF
|
|
.br
|
|
First Track Number = 1
|
|
.br
|
|
Last Track Number = 3
|
|
.br
|
|
The following purpose specifiers apply to particular tracks:
|
|
.br
|
|
Purpose specifier | Content example
|
|
.br
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.br
|
|
Track 01 Title = Song of Joy
|
|
.br
|
|
Track 01 Artist = Felix and The Purrs
|
|
.br
|
|
Track 01 Songwriter = Friedrich Schiller
|
|
.br
|
|
Track 01 Composer = Ludwig van Beethoven
|
|
.br
|
|
Track 01 Arranger = Tom Cat
|
|
.br
|
|
Track 01 Message = Fritz and Louie once were punks
|
|
.br
|
|
ISRC 01 = XYCRR1101234
|
|
.br
|
|
Track numbers are decimal despite the leading 0. There should be as many track
|
|
definitions as there are track source files given.
|
|
.br
|
|
See libburn's doc/cdtext.txt for a detailed definition of 0.7T and the
|
|
possible values for Text Code, Language Code, Genre Code, Text Data Copy
|
|
Protection.
|
|
.br
|
|
The Q sub-channel settings by "UPC / EAN" and "ISRC" may be overridden by
|
|
options mcn= and isrc=. This will not affect their appearance as CD-TEXT.
|
|
They may override cuefile= commands CATALOG and ISRC in the same way.
|
|
.br
|
|
If options -text cuefile= are given and if the cue sheet file defines CD-TEXT,
|
|
then only seven input_sheet_v07t= options may be given. They will then be
|
|
used as CD-TEXT language blocks 1 to 7.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option will get into effect only if no option textfile= is given.
|
|
The write mode must be SAO on CD. All tracks must be -audio tracks.
|
|
.br
|
|
The track numbers may be overridden by option cd_start_tno=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--list_formats
|
|
List the available format descriptors as reported by the drive for the
|
|
loaded media. Each descriptor line begins with "Format idx" and the
|
|
descriptor's list index, followed by a ":", the format type, the number
|
|
of payload blocks and that same number converted to MiB.
|
|
.br
|
|
The meaning of the format types is defined by the MMC standard
|
|
with command FORMAT UNIT. A user will more be interested in the
|
|
sizes than in the types.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--list_ignored_options
|
|
List all ignored cdrecord options. The "-" options cannot be used as addresses
|
|
of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an
|
|
option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--list_speeds
|
|
Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with
|
|
the loaded medium. This does not necessarily mean that the medium is writable
|
|
or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially the
|
|
lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously advertise
|
|
speeds for other media.
|
|
.br
|
|
It is not mandatory to use speed values out of the listed range.
|
|
The drive is supposed to choose a safe speed that is as near to the desired
|
|
speed as possible.
|
|
.br
|
|
At the end of the list, "Write speed L" and "Write speed H"
|
|
are the best guesses for lower and upper speed limit.
|
|
"Write speed l" and "Write speed h" may appear only with CD
|
|
and eventually override the list of other speed offers.
|
|
.br
|
|
Only if the drive reports contradicting speed information there will appear
|
|
"Write speed 0" or "Write speed-1", which tell the outcome of speed selection
|
|
by options speed=0 or speed=-1, if it deviates from "Write speed L"
|
|
or "Write speed H", respectively.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--long_toc
|
|
Like option -toc but marking each session start by a line "first: X last: Y"
|
|
and each session end by "track:lout ...".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_load
|
|
When aquiring the optical drive, do not try to load its tray. This yields the
|
|
same behavior for desktop drives with tray loader as is shown by laptop drives
|
|
which usually lack a motorized tray loader.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_rc
|
|
Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and
|
|
interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--pacifier_with_newline
|
|
Adds a newline character to each pacifier line that would elsewise be
|
|
overwritten by the next pacifier line. Such lines are emitted during a
|
|
run of writing, formatting, or blanking if option -v is given.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--prodvd_cli_compatible
|
|
Activates behavior modifications with some DVD situations which bring cdrskin
|
|
nearer to the behavior of cdrecord-ProDVD:
|
|
.br
|
|
Option -multi with unsuitable media is not an error but simply has no effect.
|
|
.br
|
|
Options blank=fast and blank=all deformat overwriteable DVD-RW media.
|
|
.br
|
|
Option blank=fast does indeed minmal blanking with DVD-RW. This may yield media
|
|
which can only do DAO but not Incremental Streaming.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--single_track
|
|
Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI stdio_sync= on|off|number
|
|
Set the number of bytes after which to force output to drives with prefix
|
|
"stdio:". This forcing keeps the memory from being clogged with lots of
|
|
pending data for slow devices. Default "on" is the same as "16m".
|
|
Forced output can be disabled by "off".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI stream_recording= on|off|number
|
|
By setting "on" request that compliance to the desired speed setting is
|
|
preferred over management of write errors. With DVD-RAM and BD this can
|
|
bring effective write speed near to the nominal write speed of the media.
|
|
But it will also disable the automatic use of replacement blocks
|
|
if write errors occur. It might as well be disliked or ignored by the drive.
|
|
.br
|
|
If a number is given, then error management stays enabled for all byte
|
|
addresses below that number. Any number below 16s is the same as "off".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI tao_to_sao_tsize= size
|
|
Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track
|
|
source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified and an
|
|
exact track size prediction is demanded by the write mode.
|
|
.br
|
|
This was the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn
|
|
in mode -tao . It came back with minimally blanked DVD-RW, which cannot do
|
|
Incremental Streaming (-tao), and with explicitly selected write mode -sao
|
|
for best DVD-ROM compatibility.
|
|
.br
|
|
If the track source delivers less bytes than announced then the missing ones
|
|
will be filled with zeros.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI --tell_media_space
|
|
Prepare a recording session, do not perform it but rather inquire the
|
|
maximum number of 2048 byte data blocks which may be written in
|
|
the current state of media with the prepared setup. So this option disables
|
|
recording of data. It does not disable blanking, though, and will measure space
|
|
afterwards.
|
|
.br
|
|
It is not mandatory to give track sources but their nature may influence
|
|
the available capacity. So for most realistic results one may set up
|
|
the full burn session and add --tell_media_space. But if one has to expect
|
|
a cdrskin version prior to 0.3.3 no track source should be given in order
|
|
not to start an involuntary burn session.
|
|
In this case set at least -sao or -tao explicitly.
|
|
.br
|
|
The result gets printed to standard output. It is 0 or empty if no writing
|
|
is possible with the given options.
|
|
This option redirects to stderr all message output except its own result
|
|
string and eventual output of -msinfo.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI textfile_to_v07t= path
|
|
Read a CD-TEXT pack file (e.g. cdtext.dat from a run with -v -v -toc)
|
|
and print its content in the human readable format that is described
|
|
with option input_sheet_v07t=.
|
|
.br
|
|
The program run ends immediately thereafter.
|
|
No drive scan will happen and no drive will be acquired.
|
|
.br
|
|
To avoid the cdrskin start message in the output, run:
|
|
cdrskin textfile_to_v07t=cdtext.dat | grep -v '^cdrskin'
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI --two_channel
|
|
Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with two channels.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI write_start_address= byte_offset
|
|
Set the address on media where to start writing the track. With DVD+RW, DVD-RAM
|
|
or BD-RE byte_offset must be aligned to 2 kiB blocks, but better is 32 kiB.
|
|
With DVD-RW 32 kiB alignment is mandatory.
|
|
.br
|
|
Other media are not suitable for this option yet.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI modesty_on_drive= <mode>[:parameter=<value>[:parameter=<value>...]]
|
|
Mode 1 keeps the program from trying to write to the burner drive while its
|
|
buffer is in danger to be filled by more than parameter "max_percent".
|
|
If this filling is exceeded then the program will wait until the filling
|
|
is at most the value of parameter "min_percent".
|
|
.br
|
|
Percentages are permissible in the range of 25 to 100.
|
|
.br
|
|
This can ease the load on operating system and drive controller and thus help
|
|
with achieving better input bandwidth if disk and burner are not on independent
|
|
controllers (like hda and hdb). Unsufficient input bandwidth is indicated by
|
|
output "(fifo xy%)" of option -v if xy is lower than 90 for some time.
|
|
modesty_on_drive= might hamper output bandwidth and cause buffer underruns.
|
|
.br
|
|
A new use case is to work around the poor simultaneous performance of multiple
|
|
burn runs on Linux kernel 3.16 and alike. Here it is not about giving the
|
|
hard disk enough time to fill the fifo, but about keeping ioctl(SG_IO) from
|
|
blocking for a longer time and thus blocking all other burn runs.
|
|
.br
|
|
To have max_percent larger than the burner's best actual
|
|
buffer fill has the same effect as min_percent==max_percent. Some burners
|
|
do not use their full buffer with all media types. Watch output "[buf xy%]"
|
|
of option -v to get an impression of the actual buffer usage. Some burners
|
|
are not suitable because they report buffer fill with granularity too large
|
|
in size or time, or because they go to full speed only when their buffer is
|
|
full.
|
|
.br
|
|
If a write attempt is delayed, the program will wait for a number of
|
|
microseconds which is given by parameter "min_usec" before inquiring the buffer
|
|
again. If more retries occur, this waiting time between inquiries increases
|
|
up to the value of parameter "max_usec".
|
|
.br
|
|
If the delay lasts longer than the number of seconds given by parameter
|
|
"timeout_sec", then mode 1 is set 0 and normal burning goes on.
|
|
.br
|
|
Mode 0 disables this feature. Mode -1 keeps it unchanged. Default is:
|
|
.br
|
|
0:min_percent=65:max_percent=95:timeout_sec=120:
|
|
min_usec=10000:max_usec=100000
|
|
.br
|
|
The defaults of cdrskin are good for IDE problems. With concurrent Linux SG_IO
|
|
problems on modern hardware, higher min_percent and lower usec might yield
|
|
better buffer fills while still avoiding the problem:
|
|
.br
|
|
min_percent=90:max_percent=95:min_usec=5000:max_usec=25000
|
|
.PP
|
|
Alphabetical list of options which are only intended for very special
|
|
situations and not for normal use:
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--abort_handler
|
|
Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state
|
|
but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations.
|
|
This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or
|
|
--no_abort_handler.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--allow_untested_media
|
|
Enable the use of media profiles which have been implemented but not yet
|
|
tested. Currently this option is without effect because no media types are
|
|
under test reservation.
|
|
.br
|
|
(If you really test experimental media, then please report the outcome on
|
|
libburn-hackers@pykix.org)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--cdtext_dummy
|
|
Prepare a burn run, report the effective array of CD-TEXT packs to stdout,
|
|
and then end the program run without starting to burn the session.
|
|
A blank CD-R or CD-RW has to be present in the drive, nevertheless.
|
|
.br
|
|
The output is formatted in lines which describe 18 bytes as 2-digit hex
|
|
numbers or as single printable characters.
|
|
See libburn document doc/cdtext.txt about the format of these records.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--cdtext_verbose
|
|
Like --cdtext_dummy but without preventing the burn run. Combinable with
|
|
option -dummy to exercise a CD burn run with no persistent impact on the
|
|
medium.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI dev_translation= <sep><from><sep><to>
|
|
Set drive address alias. This was necessary before cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually
|
|
translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin addresses.
|
|
.br
|
|
<sep> is a single character which may not occur in the address string
|
|
<from>. <from> is an address as expected to be given by the user via option
|
|
dev=. <to> is the address to be used instead whenever <from> is given.
|
|
More than one translation instruction can be given in one cdrskin run.
|
|
.br
|
|
E.g.: dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sr1 dev_translation=+ATA:1,1,0+/dev/sr2
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_abort_on_busy
|
|
Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_blocking
|
|
Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free.
|
|
This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_f_setlk
|
|
Linux specific: Try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_not_exclusive
|
|
Linux specific: Combine --drive_not_f_setlk and --drive_not_o_excl.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_not_f_setlk
|
|
Linux specific: Do not try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via
|
|
fcntl(2).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_not_o_excl
|
|
Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives.
|
|
Whether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI drive_scsi_dev_family= sr | scd | sg
|
|
Linux specific: Select a SCSI device file family to be scanned for by
|
|
options --devices, --device_links and -scanbus.
|
|
Normally this is /dev/sgN on kernel versions < 2.6 and /dev/srN
|
|
on kernels >= 2.6 . This option explicitly overrides that default
|
|
in order to meet other programs at a common device file for each drive.
|
|
On kernel 2.4 families sr and scd will find no drives.
|
|
.br
|
|
Device file family /dev/hdX on kernel >= 2.6 is not affected by this setting.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--drive_scsi_exclusive
|
|
Linux specific:
|
|
Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/sgK of drives.
|
|
This would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs.
|
|
Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to
|
|
work. Whether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--fifo_disable
|
|
Disable fifo despite any fs=.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--fifo_per_track
|
|
Use a separate fifo for each track.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--fill_up_media
|
|
Expand the last track of the session to occupy all remaining free space on
|
|
the media.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option overrides option -multi. It will not fill up media if option -sao
|
|
is given with CD media.
|
|
.br
|
|
.B Caution:
|
|
With multi-session media this option might increase readatibility on DVD-ROM
|
|
drives but with some DVD recorders and media types it might also fail to
|
|
produce readable media at all. "Your mileage may vary".
|
|
.br
|
|
You can expect the best possible read compatibility if you do not use -multi at
|
|
all.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI grab_drive_and_wait= seconds
|
|
Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive,
|
|
and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps
|
|
to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a
|
|
second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still
|
|
active.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--ignore_signals
|
|
Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a
|
|
very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin
|
|
to finish.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--list_features
|
|
List the SCSI/MMC features which were obtained from the drive when it was
|
|
last acquired or re-assessed. Although this is better readable than the
|
|
raw reply to SCSI command GET CONFIGURATION, the MMC specification text
|
|
is still needed for interpreting it.
|
|
.br
|
|
The list consists of line groups of the form
|
|
.br
|
|
Code +/- : Name : Version,P/N
|
|
.br
|
|
Raw feature data bytes as hex numbers
|
|
.br
|
|
Parsed info as Name=Value pairs
|
|
.br
|
|
The headline is the only one which has no blank at its start.
|
|
Code is given as 16 bit hex number.
|
|
.br
|
|
"+" marks a currently offered feature. "-" marks those which may be offered
|
|
under different circumstances.
|
|
.br
|
|
Name is the feature name as listed in MMC specs.
|
|
.br
|
|
"P" marks persistent features. "N" marks non-persistent features.
|
|
.br
|
|
The Raw data can occupy more than one line. No "=" occurs in such lines.
|
|
If no raw data are present, one line with some blanks is listed instead.
|
|
.br
|
|
The Parsed info shows some extracted field values with names which resemble
|
|
the names used in the MMC description of the particular feature. Parsed info
|
|
lines contain at least one Name=Value pair. More than one line is possible.
|
|
If no parsed info is produced, one line with some blanks is listed instead.
|
|
.br
|
|
Example:
|
|
.br
|
|
0107 - : Real Time Streaming : 4,N
|
|
.br
|
|
1f 00 00 00
|
|
.br
|
|
RBCB=1 , SCS=1 , MP2A=1 , WSPD=1 , SW=1
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_abort_handler
|
|
On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good
|
|
idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_blank_appendable
|
|
Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once
|
|
builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--no_convert_fs_adr
|
|
Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from test-opening
|
|
device files in order to find one that matches the given dev= specifier.
|
|
.br
|
|
Partly Linux specific:
|
|
Such opening is needed for Bus,Target,Lun addresses unless option
|
|
--old_pseudo_scsi_adr is given. It is also needed to resolve device file
|
|
addresses which are not listed with cdrskin --devices but nevertheless point
|
|
to a usable drive. (Like /dev/sg0 using the same SCSI address as /dev/sr0.)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--obs_pad
|
|
Pad the data of the last write operation of a DVD-R[W] DAO session, or BD-R
|
|
session, or stdio: pseudo-drive session up to the full size of an output chunk.
|
|
This padding has to be applied automatically to the other DVD and BD media
|
|
types, where it causes e.g. ISO images to have trailing unclaimed blocks.
|
|
Whether it is applied automatically to BD-R depends on option
|
|
--bdr_obs_exempt.
|
|
.br
|
|
Use this option if there is the suspicion that DVD-R[W] DAO or BD-R sessions
|
|
abort with your kernel and/or DVD drive, if their size is not a multiple of
|
|
16 blocks.
|
|
.br
|
|
This option may also get enabled at compile time of libburn.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--bdr_obs_exempt
|
|
Exempt BD-R media from automatic unconditional transaction end padding,
|
|
provided that this padding is not requested by --obs_pad and that
|
|
no stream_recording is requested.
|
|
.br
|
|
This is a new feature introduced with version 1.5.6. It might become default
|
|
in later versions.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \--old_pseudo_scsi_adr
|
|
Linux specific:
|
|
Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and
|
|
pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with
|
|
original cdrecord.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI sao_postgap= off|number
|
|
Define whether a post-gap shall be written at the end of the track and
|
|
how many sectors this gap shall have. A post-gap occupies the range of
|
|
an additional index of the track. It contains zeros. No bytes from the
|
|
track source will be read for writing the post-gap.
|
|
.br
|
|
This setting affects only CD SAO write runs.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI sao_pregap= off|number
|
|
Define whether a pre-gap shall be written before the track and how many
|
|
sectors this pre-gap shall have. A pre-gap is written in the range of track
|
|
index 0 and contains zeros. No bytes from the track source
|
|
will be read for writing the pre-gap.
|
|
.br
|
|
This setting affects only CD SAO write runs.
|
|
.br
|
|
The first track automatically gets a pre-gap of at least 150 sectors. Its
|
|
size can only be enlarged by this call.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI use_immed_bit= on|off|default
|
|
Control whether several long lasting SCSI commands shall be executed with the
|
|
Immed bit, which makes the commands end early while the drive operation is
|
|
still going on. cdrskin then inquires progress indication until the drive
|
|
reports to be ready again. If this feature is turned off, then blanking and
|
|
formatting will show no progress indication.
|
|
.br
|
|
It may depend on the operating system whether use_immed_bit= is set to "off"
|
|
by default.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI --xa1-ignore
|
|
Silently interpret option -xa1 as -data. This may be necessary if a frontend
|
|
does not prepare -xa1 block headers but insists in using option -xa1.
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Get an overview of drives and their addresses:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -scanbus
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin --device_links
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Get info about a particular drive or loaded media:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=ATA:1,0,0 -v -atip
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -minfo
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Prepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use, DVD-RAM or BD-RE for first use:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=as_needed -eject
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \\
|
|
.br
|
|
blank=as_needed -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly (not possible with minimally blanked DVD-RW or DVD-R DL):
|
|
.br
|
|
find . | afio -oZ - | \\
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 \\
|
|
.br
|
|
blank=as_needed padsize=300k -
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write multi-session to the same CD, DVD-R[W], DVD+R[/DL], or BD-R:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 1.iso
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 2.iso
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 3.iso
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k 4.iso
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Get multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs:
|
|
.br
|
|
c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo 2>/dev/null)
|
|
.br
|
|
mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ...
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Inquire free space on media for a -multi run:
|
|
.br
|
|
x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -multi \\
|
|
.br
|
|
--tell_media_space 2>/dev/null)
|
|
.br
|
|
echo "Available: $x blocks of 2048 data bytes"
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Write audio tracks and CD-TEXT to CD:
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \\
|
|
.br
|
|
input_sheet_v07t=cdtext.v07t \\
|
|
.br
|
|
track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw
|
|
.SS
|
|
.B Extract audio tracks and CD-TEXT from CD into directory /home/me/my_cd:
|
|
.br
|
|
mkdir /home/me/my_cd
|
|
.br
|
|
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 extract_audio_to=/home/me/my_cd \\
|
|
.br
|
|
cdtext_to_v07t=/home/me/my_cd/cdtext.v07t
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.SS
|
|
Startup files:
|
|
.br
|
|
If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on
|
|
startup to read the arguments from the following files:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.br
|
|
.B /etc/default/cdrskin
|
|
.br
|
|
.B /etc/opt/cdrskin/rc
|
|
.br
|
|
.B /etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf
|
|
.br
|
|
.B $HOME/.cdrskinrc
|
|
.br
|
|
.PP
|
|
The files are read in the sequence given above, but none of them is
|
|
required for cdrskin to function properly. Each readable line is treated
|
|
as one single argument. No extra blanks.
|
|
A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored.
|
|
.br
|
|
Example content of a startup file:
|
|
.br
|
|
# This is the default device
|
|
.br
|
|
dev=0,1,0
|
|
.br
|
|
# Some more options
|
|
.br
|
|
fifo_start_at=0
|
|
.br
|
|
fs=16m
|
|
.br
|
|
.SS
|
|
Disabling superuser safety precautions:
|
|
The superuser is normally banned from using any other emulated drive but
|
|
/dev/null. This ban can be lifted by the existence of file
|
|
.PP
|
|
.B /root/cdrskin_permissions/allow_emulated_drives
|
|
.PP
|
|
where the directory must be owned by the superuser and must not offer
|
|
w-permissions for group or others.
|
|
.br
|
|
Warning: Superusers must take care not to spoil their hard disk via its raw
|
|
block device (like stdio:/dev/hda or stdio:/dev/sd0).
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.TP
|
|
Formatting data track sources for cdrskin:
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR mkisofs (8),
|
|
.BR genisoimage (8),
|
|
.BR xorriso (1),
|
|
.BR afio (1),
|
|
.BR star (1)
|
|
.br
|
|
.TP
|
|
Other CD/DVD/BD burn programs:
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR cdrecord (1),
|
|
.BR wodim (1),
|
|
.BR xorriso (1)
|
|
.br
|
|
.TP
|
|
For DVD/BD burning (also tutor of libburn's DVD/BD capabilities):
|
|
.br
|
|
.BR growisofs (1)
|
|
.br
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>.
|
|
.PP
|
|
This manual page was started by George Danchev <danchev@spnet.net> and
|
|
is now maintained by Thomas Schmitt.
|
|
|