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Replaced several occurences of the word "media" by "medium"

This commit is contained in:
Thomas Schmitt 2011-10-26 14:09:51 +00:00
parent 554a64112d
commit 46b7c643f0
6 changed files with 369 additions and 357 deletions
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136
xorriso/xorriso.1
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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps .\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection .\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1) .\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
.TH XORRISO 1 "Version 1.1.7, Oct 24, 2011" .TH XORRISO 1 "Version 1.1.7, Oct 26, 2011"
.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage. .\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
.\" .\"
.\" Some roff macros, for reference: .\" Some roff macros, for reference:
@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ of the operating systems the addresses of the entry points of each
session. The mount programs recognize block devices which represent session. The mount programs recognize block devices which represent
CD media and will by default mount the image in the last session. CD media and will by default mount the image in the last session.
.br .br
This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole media This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole medium
which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions. which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions.
So in the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular media So in the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular medium
together form a single filesystem image. together form a single filesystem image.
.br .br
Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as
@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ See paragraph Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing below.
\fBxorriso\fR adopts the concept of multi\-session by loading an \fBxorriso\fR adopts the concept of multi\-session by loading an
image directory tree if present, image directory tree if present,
by allowing to manipulate it by several actions, by allowing to manipulate it by several actions,
and by writing the new image to the target media. and by writing the new image to the target medium.
.br .br
The first session of a \fBxorriso\fR run begins by the definition of The first session of a \fBxorriso\fR run begins by the definition of
the input drive with the ISO image or by the definition of an output drive. the input drive with the ISO image or by the definition of an output drive.
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ an output drive is defined. This is achieved by option \-dev on blank media
or by option \-outdev on media in any state. or by option \-outdev on media in any state.
.br .br
The new empty image can be populated with directories and files. The new empty image can be populated with directories and files.
Before it can be written, the media in the output drive must get into Before it can be written, the medium in the output drive must get into
blank state if it was not blank already. blank state if it was not blank already.
.PP .PP
If there is a input drive with a valid ISO image, then this image gets loaded If there is a input drive with a valid ISO image, then this image gets loaded
@ -236,10 +236,10 @@ as foundation for manipulations and extension. The constellation of input
and output drive determines which write method will be used. and output drive determines which write method will be used.
They have quite different capabilities and constraints. They have quite different capabilities and constraints.
.PP .PP
The method of \fBgrowing\fR adds new data to the existing media. These The method of \fBgrowing\fR adds new data to the existing data on the
data comprise of new file content and they override the existing medium. These data comprise of new file content and they override the existing
ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from
previous sessions but they still exist on media and with many types of previous sessions but they still exist on the medium and with many types of
optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older sessions. optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older sessions.
.br .br
Growing is achieved by option \-dev. Growing is achieved by option \-dev.
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ On the other hand modified sessions cannot be written to appendable media
but to blank media only. but to blank media only.
.br .br
So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work with So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work with
filesystem objects as source and/or target media. filesystem objects as source and/or target medium.
.br .br
Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same and Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same and
if option \-grow_blindly is set to its default "off". if option \-grow_blindly is set to its default "off".
@ -870,14 +870,14 @@ Setting "on" enables that scan for alleged read\-only media.
Some operating systems are not able to mount the most recent session of Some operating systems are not able to mount the most recent session of
multi\-session DVD or BD. If on such a system \fBxorriso\fR has no own MMC multi\-session DVD or BD. If on such a system \fBxorriso\fR has no own MMC
capabilities then it may still find that session from a scanned table of capabilities then it may still find that session from a scanned table of
content. Setting "force" handles any media like a ROM media with setting "on". content. Setting "force" handles any media like a ROM medium with setting "on".
.br .br
On the other hand the emulation of session history on overwriteable media On the other hand the emulation of session history on overwriteable media
can hamper reading of partly damaged media. Setting "off:emul_off" disables can hamper reading of partly damaged media. Setting "off:emul_off" disables
the elsewise trustworthy table\-of\-content scan for those media. the elsewise trustworthy table\-of\-content scan for those media.
.br .br
To be in effect, the \-rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before the \-*dev To be in effect, the \-rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before the \-*dev
command which aquires drive and media. command which aquires drive and medium.
.TP .TP
\fB\-calm_drive\fR "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off" \fB\-calm_drive\fR "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off"
Reduce drive noise until it is actually used again. Some drives stay alert Reduce drive noise until it is actually used again. Some drives stay alert
@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ composed from disk_path by replacing disk_prefix by iso_rr_prefix.
\fB\-cut_out\fR disk_path byte_offset byte_count iso_rr_path \fB\-cut_out\fR disk_path byte_offset byte_count iso_rr_path
Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in the ISO Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in the ISO
image. image.
This may be necessary if the disk file is larger than a single media, or if This may be necessary if the disk file is larger than a single medium, or if
it exceeds the traditional limit of 2 GiB \- 1 for old operating systems, it exceeds the traditional limit of 2 GiB \- 1 for old operating systems,
or the limit of 4 GiB \- 1 for newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels or the limit of 4 GiB \- 1 for newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels
seem to read properly files >= 4 GiB \- 1. seem to read properly files >= 4 GiB \- 1.
@ -1342,11 +1342,11 @@ Default is "on".
\fB\-rm\fR iso_rr_path [***] \fB\-rm\fR iso_rr_path [***]
Delete the given files from the ISO image. Delete the given files from the ISO image.
.br .br
Note: This does not free any space on the \-indev media, even if Note: This does not free any space on the \-indev medium, even if
the deletion is committed to that same media. the deletion is committed to that same medium.
.br .br
The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different
media in modification mode. medium in modification mode.
.TP .TP
\fB\-rm_r\fR iso_rr_path [***] \fB\-rm_r\fR iso_rr_path [***]
Delete the given files or directory trees from the ISO image. Delete the given files or directory trees from the ISO image.
@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ To suppress a final write, execute \-rollback_end.
Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several
types of media that there is no progress visible for the first types of media that there is no progress visible for the first
few minutes or that the drive gnaws on the media for a few few minutes or that the drive gnaws on the medium for a few
minutes after all data have been transmitted. minutes after all data have been transmitted.
\fBxorriso\fR and the drives are in a client\-server relationship. \fBxorriso\fR and the drives are in a client\-server relationship.
The drives have much freedom about what to do with the media. The drives have much freedom about what to do with the media.
@ -1977,7 +1977,7 @@ burn programs but you may well try some of those listed below
under SEE ALSO. under SEE ALSO.
.TP .TP
\fB\-eject\fR "in"|"out"|"all" \fB\-eject\fR "in"|"out"|"all"
Eject the media in \-indev, resp. \-outdev, resp. both drives. Eject the medium in \-indev, resp. \-outdev, resp. both drives.
Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files. Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files.
.TP .TP
\fB\-commit_eject\fR "in"|"out"|"all"|"none" \fB\-commit_eject\fR "in"|"out"|"all"|"none"
@ -2046,7 +2046,7 @@ E.g: "by_size_4100m". This applies to media with Defect Management.
.br .br
The formatting action has no effect on media if \-dummy is activated. The formatting action has no effect on media if \-dummy is activated.
.br .br
Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a media, Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a medium,
if ever. But it is a reason for re\-formatting if: if ever. But it is a reason for re\-formatting if:
.br .br
DVD\-RW was deformatted by \-blank, DVD\-RW was deformatted by \-blank,
@ -2067,7 +2067,7 @@ or worse occured. Be patient with apparently frozen progress.
.TP .TP
\fB\-list_formats\fR \fB\-list_formats\fR
Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output drive for Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output drive for
the current media. The list gives the index number after "Format idx", the current medium. The list gives the index number after "Format idx",
a MMC format code, the announced size in blocks (like "2236704s") a MMC format code, the announced size in blocks (like "2236704s")
and the same size in MiB. and the same size in MiB.
.br .br
@ -2080,7 +2080,7 @@ Smaller format size with DVD\-RAM, BD\-RE, or BD\-R means more reserve space.
.TP .TP
\fB\-list_speeds\fR \fB\-list_speeds\fR
Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with
the loaded media. This does not necessarily mean that the media is writable the loaded medium. This does not necessarily mean that the medium is writable
or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially the or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially the
lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously advertise lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously advertise
speeds for other media. speeds for other media.
@ -2095,13 +2095,13 @@ are the best guesses for lower and upper speed limit.
and eventually override the list of other speed offers. and eventually override the list of other speed offers.
.TP .TP
\fB\-close_damaged\fR "as_needed"|"force" \fB\-close_damaged\fR "as_needed"|"force"
Try to close the upcomming track and session if the drive reported the media Try to close the upcomming track and session if the drive reported the medium
as damaged. This may apply to CD\-R, CD\-RW, DVD\-R, DVD\-RW, DVD+R, DVD+R DL, as damaged. This may apply to CD\-R, CD\-RW, DVD\-R, DVD\-RW, DVD+R, DVD+R DL,
or BD\-R media. It is indicated by warning messages when the drive gets or BD\-R media. It is indicated by warning messages when the drive gets
aquired, and by a remark "but next track is damaged" with the line aquired, and by a remark "but next track is damaged" with the line
"Media status :" of command \-toc. "Media status :" of command \-toc.
.br .br
The setting of option \-close determines whether the media stays appendable. The setting of option \-close determines whether the medium stays appendable.
.br .br
Mode "as_needed" gracefully refuses on media which are not reported as Mode "as_needed" gracefully refuses on media which are not reported as
damaged. Mode "force" attempts the close operation even with media which damaged. Mode "force" attempts the close operation even with media which
@ -2226,7 +2226,7 @@ ECMA 119 demands ASCII characters out of [A\-Z0\-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23"
Joliet allows 16 UCS\-2 characters. Like: "Windows name" Joliet allows 16 UCS\-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
.br .br
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the
mount point when the media is inserted into a playful computer system. mount point when the medium is inserted into a playful computer system.
.br .br
If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default "ISOIMAGE" If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default "ISOIMAGE"
or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will become the effective or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will become the effective
@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@ Example speeds:
5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD 5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD
.br .br
If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the
media in the \-outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k. medium in the \-outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k.
.br .br
MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take
the speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit the speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit
@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ for their own decision.
\fB\-stream_recording\fR "on"|"off"|"full"|"data"|number \fB\-stream_recording\fR "on"|"off"|"full"|"data"|number
Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on DVD\-RAM, BD\-RE, Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on DVD\-RAM, BD\-RE,
or BD\-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged media usable. But it reduces or BD\-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged media usable. But it reduces
write speed to half nominal speed even if the media is in perfect shape. write speed to half nominal speed even if the medium is in perfect shape.
For the case of flawless media, one may use \-stream_recording "on" to get For the case of flawless media, one may use \-stream_recording "on" to get
full speed. full speed.
.br .br
@ -2413,7 +2413,7 @@ The number may be followed by letter "k" or "m"
which means unit is kiB (= 1024) or MiB (= 1024 kiB). which means unit is kiB (= 1024) or MiB (= 1024 kiB).
.TP .TP
\fB\-close\fR "on"|"off" \fB\-close\fR "on"|"off"
If "on" then mark the written media as not appendable If "on" then mark the written medium as not appendable
any more (if possible at all with the given type of target media). any more (if possible at all with the given type of target media).
.br .br
This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option \-multi, This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option \-multi,
@ -2547,10 +2547,10 @@ started by the hardware boot facility (e.g. the BIOS) at boot time.
.br .br
\fBefi_path=\fR depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI booting. \fBefi_path=\fR depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI booting.
Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info table gets Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info table gets
written, no boot media gets emulated, platform_id is 0xef. written, no boot medium gets emulated, platform_id is 0xef.
.br .br
\fBemul_type=\fR can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette". \fBemul_type=\fR can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette".
It controls the boot media emulation code of a boot image. It controls the boot medium emulation code of a boot image.
The default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD cdboot. The default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD cdboot.
.br .br
\fBload_size=\fR is a value which depends on the boot image. \fBload_size=\fR is a value which depends on the boot image.
@ -3102,8 +3102,8 @@ Precedence is: "dvdrw", "cdrw", "dvd", "cdrom", "cd".
.TP .TP
\fB\-toc\fR \fB\-toc\fR
.br .br
Show media specific table of content. This is the media session history, Show media specific table of content. This is the session history
not the ISO image directory tree. of the medium, not the ISO image directory tree.
.br .br
In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may happen that In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may happen that
only a single session gets shown. But if the first session on the only a single session gets shown. But if the first session on the
@ -3142,7 +3142,7 @@ option "exclusive" which is default and its counterpart "shared". The latter
causes \fBxorriso\fR not to give up the affected drive with command \-mount. causes \fBxorriso\fR not to give up the affected drive with command \-mount.
On GNU/Linux it adds mount option "loop" which may allow to mount several On GNU/Linux it adds mount option "loop" which may allow to mount several
sessions of the same block device at the same time. One should not write sessions of the same block device at the same time. One should not write
to a mounted optical media, of course. Take care to umount all sessions to a mounted optical medium, of course. Take care to umount all sessions
before ejecting. before ejecting.
.TP .TP
\fB\-session_string\fR drive entity id format \fB\-session_string\fR drive entity id format
@ -3172,7 +3172,7 @@ If no \-jidgo options are given and not command \-as "mkisofs" was used,
then \-padding (300 kB by default) is not counted as part of the image size. then \-padding (300 kB by default) is not counted as part of the image size.
.TP .TP
\fB\-tell_media_space\fR \fB\-tell_media_space\fR
Print available space on output media and the free space after Print available space on the output medium and the free space after
subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next \-commit. subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next \-commit.
.TP .TP
\fB\-pvd_info\fR \fB\-pvd_info\fR
@ -3394,10 +3394,10 @@ and based on extra data on the media. If a drive returns data then one can
quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree of read problems the quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree of read problems the
correction will fail and the drive is supposed to indicate error. correction will fail and the drive is supposed to indicate error.
.br .br
\fBxorriso\fR can scan the media for readable data blocks, classify them \fBxorriso\fR can scan a medium for readable data blocks, classify them
according according
to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of successfuly saved to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of successfuly saved
blocks for further tries on the same media. blocks for further tries on the same medium.
.br .br
By option \-md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole By option \-md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole
sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded image. sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded image.
@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ does not read any media but loads the file given by option
sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome. sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome.
.br .br
\fBwhat="disc"\fR \fBwhat="disc"\fR
scans the payload range of a media without respecting track gaps. scans the payload range of a medium without respecting track gaps.
.br .br
\fBwhat="image"\fR \fBwhat="image"\fR
similar to "disc", but restricts scanning to the range of the ISO 9660 image, similar to "disc", but restricts scanning to the range of the ISO 9660 image,
@ -3514,7 +3514,7 @@ recorded MD5 checksums. Severity "ALL" disables this event.
tries to read the file given by disk_path as tries to read the file given by disk_path as
sector bitmap and to store such a map file after the scan run. sector bitmap and to store such a map file after the scan run.
The bitmap tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous runs. The bitmap tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous runs.
It allows to do several scans on the same media, even with intermediate It allows to do several scans on the same medium, even with intermediate
eject, in order to collect readable blocks whenever the drive is lucky enough eject, in order to collect readable blocks whenever the drive is lucky enough
to produce them. The stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks to produce them. The stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks
and their start block addresses, followed by binary bitmap data. and their start block addresses, followed by binary bitmap data.
@ -3860,7 +3860,7 @@ It ignores most other options of cdrecord and cdrskin but refuses on
\-audio, \-scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to \fBxorriso\fR. \-audio, \-scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to \fBxorriso\fR.
.br .br
The scope is only a single data track per session to be written The scope is only a single data track per session to be written
to blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The media gets closed if to blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The medium gets closed if
closing is applicable and not option \-multi is present. closing is applicable and not option \-multi is present.
.br .br
If an input drive was aquired, then it is given up. If an input drive was aquired, then it is given up.
@ -3927,7 +3927,7 @@ nn% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 15 20:13:28 2008
Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record. Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record.
It will be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the \-md5 session tag if It will be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the \-md5 session tag if
the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as first the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as first
session onto a sequential media, or piped into a program, named pipe or session onto a sequential medium, or piped into a program, named pipe or
character device. character device.
.br .br
If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to the If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to the
@ -4165,21 +4165,21 @@ Use text as name of this program and perform \-help.
.B Overview of examples: .B Overview of examples:
As superuser learn about available drives As superuser learn about available drives
.br .br
Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
.br .br
A dialog session doing about the same A dialog session doing about the same
.br .br
Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
.br .br
Copy modified ISO image from one media to another Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
.br .br
Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
.br .br
Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
.br .br
Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
.br .br
Burn an existing ISO image file to media Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
.br .br
Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
.br .br
@ -4193,7 +4193,7 @@ Incremental backup of a few directory trees
.br .br
Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
.br .br
Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
.SS .SS
.B As superuser learn about available drives .B As superuser learn about available drives
On Linux or FreeBSD consider to give rw\-permissions to those users or groups On Linux or FreeBSD consider to give rw\-permissions to those users or groups
@ -4209,13 +4209,13 @@ $ xorriso \-device_links
.br .br
2 \-dev '/dev/cdrw3' rwrw\-\- : 'HL\-DT\-ST' 'BDDVDRW_GGC\-H20L' 2 \-dev '/dev/cdrw3' rwrw\-\- : 'HL\-DT\-ST' 'BDDVDRW_GGC\-H20L'
.SS .SS
.B Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run .B Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make media ready for writing a new image, Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make medium ready for writing a new image,
fill the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds fill the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds
and /home/me/pictures. and /home/me/pictures.
.br .br
Because no \-dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing the Because no \-dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing the
session to media. session to the medium.
.br .br
$ xorriso \-outdev /dev/sr2 \\ $ xorriso \-outdev /dev/sr2 \\
.br .br
@ -4269,7 +4269,7 @@ The drive is acquired by option \-dev rather than \-outdev in order to see
the message about its current content. By option \-blank this content is the message about its current content. By option \-blank this content is
made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty. made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty.
.br .br
In order to be able to eject the media, the session needs to be committed In order to be able to eject the medium, the session needs to be committed
explicitly. explicitly.
.br .br
.B $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on .B $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on
@ -4315,13 +4315,13 @@ enter option and arguments :
.br .br
.br .br
.SS .SS
.B Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media .B Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
Load image from drive. Load image from drive.
Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its subordinates. Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its subordinates.
Rename directory /pictures/confidential to /pictures/restricted. Rename directory /pictures/confidential to /pictures/restricted.
Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted. Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted.
Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies. Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies.
Burn to the same media, check whether the tree can be loaded, and eject. Burn to the same medium, check whether the tree can be loaded, and eject.
.br .br
$ xorriso \-dev /dev/sr2 \\ $ xorriso \-dev /dev/sr2 \\
.br .br
@ -4343,7 +4343,7 @@ $ xorriso \-dev /dev/sr2 \\
.br .br
\-commit \-eject all \-commit \-eject all
.SS .SS
.B Copy modified ISO image from one media to another .B Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the previous Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the previous
example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified image as example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified image as
first and only session to the output drive. first and only session to the output drive.
@ -4358,10 +4358,10 @@ $ xorriso \-indev /dev/sr2 \\
.br .br
\-commit \-eject all \-commit \-eject all
.SS .SS
.B Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable .B Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the
ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree. ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree.
Now \fBxorriso\fR can burn an El Torito bootable media: Now \fBxorriso\fR can burn an El Torito bootable medium:
.br .br
$ xorriso \-outdev /dev/sr0 \-blank as_needed \\ $ xorriso \-outdev /dev/sr0 \-blank as_needed \\
.br .br
@ -4414,7 +4414,7 @@ $ xorriso \-outdev \- \\
.br .br
| gzip >image.iso.gz | gzip >image.iso.gz
.SS .SS
.B Burn an existing ISO image file to media .B Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images: Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images:
.br .br
$ xorriso \-as cdrecord \-v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=as_needed image.iso $ xorriso \-as cdrecord \-v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=as_needed image.iso
@ -4441,11 +4441,11 @@ $ xorriso \-as mkisofs \-M /dev/sr0 \-C $m prepared_for_iso/tree2 | \\
.br .br
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions
get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware
of the changed content before it loads the media again. of the changed content before it loads the medium again.
In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the
new session would contain only the newly added files. new session would contain only the newly added files.
.br .br
For the same reason do not let \fBxorriso\fR \-as cdrecord load the media, For the same reason do not let \fBxorriso\fR \-as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
.br .br
This example works for multi\-session media only. This example works for multi\-session media only.
@ -4561,9 +4561,9 @@ $ xorriso \\
.br .br
\-commit \-toc \-check_md5 FAILURE \-\- \-eject all \-commit \-toc \-check_md5 FAILURE \-\- \-eject all
.br .br
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of To be used several times on the same medium, whenever an update of
the two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start the two disk trees to the medium is desired. Begin with a blank medium and
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on update it until he run fails gracefully due to lack of remaining space on
the old one. the old one.
.br .br
This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining capacity This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining capacity
@ -4614,22 +4614,24 @@ The cloned tree will have a name like /2011_02_12_155700.
.sp 1 .sp 1
Sessions on multi\-session media are separated by several MB of unused blocks. Sessions on multi\-session media are separated by several MB of unused blocks.
So with small sessions the payload capacity can become substantially lower So with small sessions the payload capacity can become substantially lower
than the overall media capacity. If the remaining space on media does not than the overall media capacity. If the remaining space on a medium does not
suffice for the next gap, the drive is supposed to close the media suffice for the next gap, the drive is supposed to close the medium
automatically. automatically.
.br .br
.sp 1 .sp 1
\fBBetter do not use your youngest backup for \-update_r\fR. \fBBetter do not use your youngest backup for \-update_r\fR.
Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups
get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
stored safely on a different media. stored safely on a different medium.
Always have a blank media ready to perform a full backup in case the update .br
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. Always have a blank medium ready to perform a full backup in case the update
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. This failure will
not spoil the old medium, of course.
.SS .SS
.B Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk .B Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
This is an alternative to mounting the media and using normal file operations. This is an alternative to mounting the medium and using normal file operations.
.br .br
First check which backup sessions are on the media: First check which backup sessions are on the medium:
.br .br
$ xorriso \-outdev /dev/sr0 \-toc $ xorriso \-outdev /dev/sr0 \-toc
.br .br
@ -4658,7 +4660,7 @@ $ xorriso \-for_backup \\
The final command \-rollback_end prevents an error message about the altered The final command \-rollback_end prevents an error message about the altered
image being discarded. image being discarded.
.SS .SS
.B Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media .B Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
.br .br
$ xorriso \-abort_on NEVER \-indev /dev/sr0 \\ $ xorriso \-abort_on NEVER \-indev /dev/sr0 \\
.br .br

287
xorriso/xorriso.info
View File

@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ the entry points of each session. The mount programs recognize block
devices which represent CD media and will by default mount the image in devices which represent CD media and will by default mount the image in
the last session. the last session.
This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole
media which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions. So in medium which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions. So in
the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular media the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular medium
together form a single filesystem image. together form a single filesystem image.
Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as
*growing*. *growing*.
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Blind Growing below.
`xorriso' adopts the concept of multi-session by loading an image `xorriso' adopts the concept of multi-session by loading an image
directory tree if present, by allowing to manipulate it by several directory tree if present, by allowing to manipulate it by several
actions, and by writing the new image to the target media. The first actions, and by writing the new image to the target medium. The first
session of a `xorriso' run begins by the definition of the input drive session of a `xorriso' run begins by the definition of the input drive
with the ISO image or by the definition of an output drive. The with the ISO image or by the definition of an output drive. The
session ends by command -commit which triggers writing. A -commit is session ends by command -commit which triggers writing. A -commit is
@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ valid ISO 9660 image when the first time an output drive is defined.
This is achieved by option -dev on blank media or by option -outdev on This is achieved by option -dev on blank media or by option -outdev on
media in any state. media in any state.
The new empty image can be populated with directories and files. The new empty image can be populated with directories and files.
Before it can be written, the media in the output drive must get into Before it can be written, the medium in the output drive must get into
blank state if it was not blank already. blank state if it was not blank already.
If there is a input drive with a valid ISO image, then this image If there is a input drive with a valid ISO image, then this image
@ -214,12 +214,12 @@ gets loaded as foundation for manipulations and extension. The
constellation of input and output drive determines which write method constellation of input and output drive determines which write method
will be used. They have quite different capabilities and constraints. will be used. They have quite different capabilities and constraints.
The method of *growing* adds new data to the existing media. These The method of *growing* adds new data to the existing data on the
data comprise of new file content and they override the existing ISO medium. These data comprise of new file content and they override the
9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from existing ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide
previous sessions but they still exist on media and with many types of files from previous sessions but they still exist on the medium and
optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older with many types of optical media it is quite easy to recover them by
sessions. mounting older sessions.
Growing is achieved by option -dev. Growing is achieved by option -dev.
The write method of *modifying* produces compact filesystem images The write method of *modifying* produces compact filesystem images
@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ deformat_quickest, DVD-R DL, named pipes, character devices, sockets.
On the other hand modified sessions cannot be written to appendable On the other hand modified sessions cannot be written to appendable
media but to blank media only. media but to blank media only.
So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work
with filesystem objects as source and/or target media. with filesystem objects as source and/or target medium.
Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same
and if option -grow_blindly is set to its default "off". This is and if option -grow_blindly is set to its default "off". This is
achieved by options -indev and -outdev. achieved by options -indev and -outdev.
@ -807,13 +807,13 @@ activate them only after image loading.
session of multi-session DVD or BD. If on such a system `xorriso' session of multi-session DVD or BD. If on such a system `xorriso'
has no own MMC capabilities then it may still find that session has no own MMC capabilities then it may still find that session
from a scanned table of content. Setting "force" handles any media from a scanned table of content. Setting "force" handles any media
like a ROM media with setting "on". like a ROM medium with setting "on".
On the other hand the emulation of session history on On the other hand the emulation of session history on
overwriteable media can hamper reading of partly damaged media. overwriteable media can hamper reading of partly damaged media.
Setting "off:emul_off" disables the elsewise trustworthy Setting "off:emul_off" disables the elsewise trustworthy
table-of-content scan for those media. table-of-content scan for those media.
To be in effect, the -rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before To be in effect, the -rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before
the -*dev command which aquires drive and media. the -*dev command which aquires drive and medium.
-calm_drive "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off" -calm_drive "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off"
Reduce drive noise until it is actually used again. Some drives Reduce drive noise until it is actually used again. Some drives
@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ filesystem.
-cut_out disk_path byte_offset byte_count iso_rr_path -cut_out disk_path byte_offset byte_count iso_rr_path
Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in
the ISO image. This may be necessary if the disk file is larger the ISO image. This may be necessary if the disk file is larger
than a single media, or if it exceeds the traditional limit of 2 than a single medium, or if it exceeds the traditional limit of 2
GiB - 1 for old operating systems, or the limit of 4 GiB - 1 for GiB - 1 for old operating systems, or the limit of 4 GiB - 1 for
newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels seem to read properly newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels seem to read properly
files >= 4 GiB - 1. files >= 4 GiB - 1.
@ -1228,10 +1228,10 @@ whether they stem from the loaded image or were newly inserted.
-rm iso_rr_path [***] -rm iso_rr_path [***]
Delete the given files from the ISO image. Delete the given files from the ISO image.
Note: This does not free any space on the -indev media, even if Note: This does not free any space on the -indev medium, even if
the deletion is committed to that same media. the deletion is committed to that same medium.
The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different
media in modification mode. medium in modification mode.
-rm_r iso_rr_path [***] -rm_r iso_rr_path [***]
Delete the given files or directory trees from the ISO image. See Delete the given files or directory trees from the ISO image. See
@ -1753,7 +1753,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Writing, Next: SetWrite, Prev: Filter, Up: Options
To suppress a final write, execute -rollback_end. To suppress a final write, execute -rollback_end.
Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several
types of media that there is no progress visible for the first few types of media that there is no progress visible for the first few
minutes or that the drive gnaws on the media for a few minutes minutes or that the drive gnaws on the medium for a few minutes
after all data have been transmitted. `xorriso' and the drives after all data have been transmitted. `xorriso' and the drives
are in a client-server relationship. The drives have much freedom are in a client-server relationship. The drives have much freedom
about what to do with the media. Some combinations of drives and about what to do with the media. Some combinations of drives and
@ -1764,7 +1764,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Writing, Next: SetWrite, Prev: Filter, Up: Options
ALSO. ALSO.
-eject "in"|"out"|"all" -eject "in"|"out"|"all"
Eject the media in -indev, resp. -outdev, resp. both drives. Eject the medium in -indev, resp. -outdev, resp. both drives.
Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files. Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files.
-commit_eject "in"|"out"|"all"|"none" -commit_eject "in"|"out"|"all"|"none"
@ -1824,7 +1824,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Writing, Next: SetWrite, Prev: Filter, Up: Options
The formatting action has no effect on media if -dummy is The formatting action has no effect on media if -dummy is
activated. activated.
Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a
media, if ever. But it is a reason for re-formatting if: medium, if ever. But it is a reason for re-formatting if:
DVD-RW was deformatted by -blank, DVD-RW was deformatted by -blank,
DVD+RW has read failures (re-format before next write), DVD+RW has read failures (re-format before next write),
DVD-RAM or BD-RE shall change their amount of defect reserve. DVD-RAM or BD-RE shall change their amount of defect reserve.
@ -1839,9 +1839,9 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Writing, Next: SetWrite, Prev: Filter, Up: Options
-list_formats -list_formats
Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output
drive for the current media. The list gives the index number after drive for the current medium. The list gives the index number
"Format idx", a MMC format code, the announced size in blocks after "Format idx", a MMC format code, the announced size in
(like "2236704s") and the same size in MiB. blocks (like "2236704s") and the same size in MiB.
MMC format codes are manifold. Most important are: "00h" general MMC format codes are manifold. Most important are: "00h" general
formatting, "01h" increases reserve space for DVD-RAM, "26h" for formatting, "01h" increases reserve space for DVD-RAM, "26h" for
DVD+RW, "30h" for BD-RE with reserve space, "31h" for BD-RE DVD+RW, "30h" for BD-RE with reserve space, "31h" for BD-RE
@ -1851,10 +1851,10 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Writing, Next: SetWrite, Prev: Filter, Up: Options
-list_speeds -list_speeds
Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with
the loaded media. This does not necessarily mean that the media is the loaded medium. This does not necessarily mean that the medium
writable or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially is writable or that these speeds are actually achievable.
the lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously Especially the lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media
advertise speeds for other media. obviously advertise speeds for other media.
It is not mandatory to use speed values out of the listed range. It is not mandatory to use speed values out of the listed range.
The drive is supposed to choose a safe speed that is as near to The drive is supposed to choose a safe speed that is as near to
the desired speed as possible. the desired speed as possible.
@ -1865,11 +1865,11 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Writing, Next: SetWrite, Prev: Filter, Up: Options
-close_damaged "as_needed"|"force" -close_damaged "as_needed"|"force"
Try to close the upcomming track and session if the drive reported Try to close the upcomming track and session if the drive reported
the media as damaged. This may apply to CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, the medium as damaged. This may apply to CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R,
DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+R DL, or BD-R media. It is indicated by warning DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+R DL, or BD-R media. It is indicated by warning
messages when the drive gets aquired, and by a remark "but next messages when the drive gets aquired, and by a remark "but next
track is damaged" with the line "Media status :" of command -toc. track is damaged" with the line "Media status :" of command -toc.
The setting of option -close determines whether the media stays The setting of option -close determines whether the medium stays
appendable. appendable.
Mode "as_needed" gracefully refuses on media which are not Mode "as_needed" gracefully refuses on media which are not
reported as damaged. Mode "force" attempts the close operation reported as damaged. Mode "force" attempts the close operation
@ -1978,7 +1978,7 @@ will be written according to the setting of option -acl.
"IMAGE_23" "IMAGE_23"
Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name" Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name
of the mount point when the media is inserted into a playful of the mount point when the medium is inserted into a playful
computer system. computer system.
If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default
"ISOIMAGE" or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will "ISOIMAGE" or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will
@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@ will be written according to the setting of option -acl.
Example speeds: Example speeds:
706k = 706kB/s = 4c = 4xCD 706k = 706kB/s = 4c = 4xCD
5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD 5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD
If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the media If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the medium
in the -outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k. in the -outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k.
MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take the MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take the
speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit for speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit for
@ -2111,7 +2111,7 @@ will be written according to the setting of option -acl.
Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on
DVD-RAM, BD-RE, or BD-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged DVD-RAM, BD-RE, or BD-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged
media usable. But it reduces write speed to half nominal speed media usable. But it reduces write speed to half nominal speed
even if the media is in perfect shape. For the case of flawless even if the medium is in perfect shape. For the case of flawless
media, one may use -stream_recording "on" to get full speed. media, one may use -stream_recording "on" to get full speed.
"full" tries full speed with all write operations, whereas "on" "full" tries full speed with all write operations, whereas "on"
does this only above byte address 32s. One may give a number of at does this only above byte address 32s. One may give a number of at
@ -2144,8 +2144,8 @@ will be written according to the setting of option -acl.
kiB). kiB).
-close "on"|"off" -close "on"|"off"
If "on" then mark the written media as not appendable any more (if If "on" then mark the written medium as not appendable any more
possible at all with the given type of target media). (if possible at all with the given type of target media).
This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option -multi, This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option -multi,
and is one aspect of growisofs option -dvd-compat. and is one aspect of growisofs option -dvd-compat.
@ -2252,10 +2252,10 @@ filesystem and announced by an MBR partition table entry.
boot time. boot time.
*efi_path=* depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI *efi_path=* depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI
booting. Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info booting. Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info
table gets written, no boot media gets emulated, platform_id is table gets written, no boot medium gets emulated, platform_id is
0xef. 0xef.
*emul_type=* can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette". *emul_type=* can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette".
It controls the boot media emulation code of a boot image. The It controls the boot medium emulation code of a boot image. The
default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD
cdboot. cdboot.
*load_size=* is a value which depends on the boot image. Default *load_size=* is a value which depends on the boot image. Default
@ -2719,8 +2719,8 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Inquiry, Next: Navigate, Prev: DialogCtl, Up: Opti
"dvd", "cdrom", "cd". "dvd", "cdrom", "cd".
-toc -toc
Show media specific table of content. This is the media session Show media specific table of content. This is the session history
history, not the ISO image directory tree. of the medium, not the ISO image directory tree.
In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may
happen that only a single session gets shown. But if the first happen that only a single session gets shown. But if the first
session on the overwriteable media was written by `xorriso' then a session on the overwriteable media was written by `xorriso' then a
@ -2754,7 +2754,8 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Inquiry, Next: Navigate, Prev: DialogCtl, Up: Opti
drive with command -mount. On GNU/Linux it adds mount option drive with command -mount. On GNU/Linux it adds mount option
"loop" which may allow to mount several sessions of the same block "loop" which may allow to mount several sessions of the same block
device at the same time. One should not write to a mounted optical device at the same time. One should not write to a mounted optical
media, of course. Take care to umount all sessions before ejecting. medium, of course. Take care to umount all sessions before
ejecting.
-session_string drive entity id format -session_string drive entity id format
Print to the result channel a text which gets composed according to Print to the result channel a text which gets composed according to
@ -2779,7 +2780,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Inquiry, Next: Navigate, Prev: DialogCtl, Up: Opti
image size. image size.
-tell_media_space -tell_media_space
Print available space on output media and the free space after Print available space on the output medium and the free space after
subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next -commit. subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next -commit.
-pvd_info -pvd_info
@ -2985,9 +2986,9 @@ by the drives and based on extra data on the media. If a drive returns
data then one can quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree data then one can quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree
of read problems the correction will fail and the drive is supposed to of read problems the correction will fail and the drive is supposed to
indicate error. indicate error.
`xorriso' can scan the media for readable data blocks, classify them `xorriso' can scan a medium for readable data blocks, classify them
according to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of according to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of
successfuly saved blocks for further tries on the same media. successfuly saved blocks for further tries on the same medium.
By option -md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole By option -md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole
sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded
image. They work independently of the media type and can detect image. They work independently of the media type and can detect
@ -3043,7 +3044,7 @@ transmission errors.
does not read any media but loads the file given by option does not read any media but loads the file given by option
sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome. sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome.
what="disc" what="disc"
scans the payload range of a media without respecting track scans the payload range of a medium without respecting track
gaps. gaps.
what="image" what="image"
similar to "disc", but restricts scanning to the range of the similar to "disc", but restricts scanning to the range of the
@ -3085,7 +3086,7 @@ transmission errors.
tries to read the file given by disk_path as sector bitmap tries to read the file given by disk_path as sector bitmap
and to store such a map file after the scan run. The bitmap and to store such a map file after the scan run. The bitmap
tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous
runs. It allows to do several scans on the same media, even runs. It allows to do several scans on the same medium, even
with intermediate eject, in order to collect readable blocks with intermediate eject, in order to collect readable blocks
whenever the drive is lucky enough to produce them. The whenever the drive is lucky enough to produce them. The
stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks and their stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks and their
@ -3392,8 +3393,8 @@ said programs trigger comparable actions.
It ignores most other options of cdrecord and cdrskin but refuses It ignores most other options of cdrecord and cdrskin but refuses
on -audio, -scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to `xorriso'. on -audio, -scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to `xorriso'.
The scope is only a single data track per session to be written to The scope is only a single data track per session to be written to
blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The media gets closed if blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The medium gets closed
closing is applicable and not option -multi is present. if closing is applicable and not option -multi is present.
If an input drive was aquired, then it is given up. This is only If an input drive was aquired, then it is given up. This is only
allowed if no image changes are pending. allowed if no image changes are pending.
dev= must be given as `xorriso' device address. Addresses like dev= must be given as `xorriso' device address. Addresses like
@ -3443,7 +3444,7 @@ said programs trigger comparable actions.
Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record. It will Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record. It will
be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the -md5 session tag if be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the -md5 session tag if
the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as
first session onto a sequential media, or piped into a program, first session onto a sequential medium, or piped into a program,
named pipe or character device. named pipe or character device.
If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to
the data file given by this path. the data file given by this path.
@ -3660,21 +3661,21 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: Examples, Next: Files, Prev: Options, Up: Top
* Menu: * Menu:
* ExDevices:: As superuser learn about available drives * ExDevices:: As superuser learn about available drives
* ExCreate:: Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run * ExCreate:: Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
* ExDialog:: A dialog session doing about the same * ExDialog:: A dialog session doing about the same
* ExGrowing:: Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media * ExGrowing:: Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
* ExModifying:: Copy modified ISO image from one media to another * ExModifying:: Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
* ExBootable:: Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable * ExBootable:: Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
* ExCharset:: Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 * ExCharset:: Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
* ExPseudo:: Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives * ExPseudo:: Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
* ExCdrecord:: Burn an existing ISO image file to media * ExCdrecord:: Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
* ExMkisofs:: Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions * ExMkisofs:: Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
* ExGrowisofs:: Let `xorriso' work underneath growisofs * ExGrowisofs:: Let `xorriso' work underneath growisofs
* ExException:: Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort * ExException:: Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort
* ExTime:: Examples of input timestrings * ExTime:: Examples of input timestrings
* ExIncBackup:: Incremental backup of a few directory trees * ExIncBackup:: Incremental backup of a few directory trees
* ExRestore:: Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk * ExRestore:: Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
* ExRecovery:: Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media * ExRecovery:: Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExDevices, Next: ExCreate, Prev: Frontend, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExDevices, Next: ExCreate, Prev: Frontend, Up: Examples
@ -3695,14 +3696,14 @@ $ xorriso -device_links
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExCreate, Next: ExDialog, Prev: ExDevices, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExCreate, Next: ExDialog, Prev: ExDevices, Up: Examples
10.2 Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run 10.2 Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
========================================================= ==========================================================
Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make media ready for writing a new image, fill Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make medium ready for writing a new image, fill
the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds and the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds and
/home/me/pictures. /home/me/pictures.
Because no -dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing Because no -dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing
the session to media. the session to the medium.
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \ $ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \
-blank as_needed \ -blank as_needed \
@ -3743,7 +3744,7 @@ characters.
The drive is acquired by option -dev rather than -outdev in order to see The drive is acquired by option -dev rather than -outdev in order to see
the message about its current content. By option -blank this content is the message about its current content. By option -blank this content is
made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty. made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty.
In order to be able to eject the media, the session needs to be In order to be able to eject the medium, the session needs to be
committed explicitly. committed explicitly.
$ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on
@ -3775,14 +3776,15 @@ $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExGrowing, Next: ExModifying, Prev: ExDialog, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExGrowing, Next: ExModifying, Prev: ExDialog, Up: Examples
10.4 Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media 10.4 Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
======================================================= ========================================================
Load image from drive. Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its Load image from drive. Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its
subordinates. Rename directory /pictures/confidential to subordinates. Rename directory /pictures/confidential to
/pictures/restricted. Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted. Change access permissions of directory
/pictures/restricted. Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies. /pictures/restricted. Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies.
Burn to the same media, check whether the tree can be loaded, and eject. Burn to the same medium, check whether the tree can be loaded, and
eject.
$ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \ $ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \
-rm_r /sounds -- \ -rm_r /sounds -- \
@ -3798,8 +3800,8 @@ $ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExModifying, Next: ExBootable, Prev: ExGrowing, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExModifying, Next: ExBootable, Prev: ExGrowing, Up: Examples
10.5 Copy modified ISO image from one media to another 10.5 Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
====================================================== =======================================================
Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the
previous example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified previous example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified
@ -3814,12 +3816,12 @@ $ xorriso -indev /dev/sr2 \
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExBootable, Next: ExCharset, Prev: ExModifying, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExBootable, Next: ExCharset, Prev: ExModifying, Up: Examples
10.6 Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable 10.6 Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
=================================================================== ====================================================================
The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the
ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree. Now ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree. Now
`xorriso' can burn an El Torito bootable media: `xorriso' can burn an El Torito bootable medium:
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -blank as_needed \ $ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -blank as_needed \
-map /home/me/ISOLINUX_prepared_tree / \ -map /home/me/ISOLINUX_prepared_tree / \
@ -3879,8 +3881,8 @@ $ xorriso -outdev - \
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExCdrecord, Next: ExMkisofs, Prev: ExPseudo, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExCdrecord, Next: ExMkisofs, Prev: ExPseudo, Up: Examples
10.9 Burn an existing ISO image file to media 10.9 Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
============================================= ==============================================
Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images: Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images:
@ -3908,10 +3910,10 @@ xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 -waiti -multi -eject -
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions get read Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions get read
via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware of the changed via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware of the changed
content before it loads the media again. In this case the previous content before it loads the medium again. In this case the previous
session would not be loaded and the new session would contain only the session would not be loaded and the new session would contain only the
newly added files. newly added files.
For the same reason do not let `xorriso' -as cdrecord load the media, For the same reason do not let `xorriso' -as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
This example works for multi-session media only. Add cdrskin option This example works for multi-session media only. Add cdrskin option
@ -4018,10 +4020,10 @@ $ xorriso \
-update_r /home/thomas/personal_mail /personal_mail \ -update_r /home/thomas/personal_mail /personal_mail \
-commit -toc -check_md5 FAILURE -- -eject all -commit -toc -check_md5 FAILURE -- -eject all
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of the To be used several times on the same medium, whenever an update of the
two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start two disk trees to the medium is desired. Begin with a blank medium and
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on update it until he run fails gracefully due to lack of remaining space
the old one. on the old one.
This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining
capacity on media and if the expected changes are much smaller than the capacity on media and if the expected changes are much smaller than the
full backup. To apply zisofs compression to those data files which get full backup. To apply zisofs compression to those data files which get
@ -4064,15 +4066,16 @@ The cloned tree will have a name like /2011_02_12_155700.
Sessions on multi-session media are separated by several MB of unused Sessions on multi-session media are separated by several MB of unused
blocks. So with small sessions the payload capacity can become blocks. So with small sessions the payload capacity can become
substantially lower than the overall media capacity. If the remaining substantially lower than the overall media capacity. If the remaining
space on media does not suffice for the next gap, the drive is supposed space on a medium does not suffice for the next gap, the drive is
to close the media automatically. supposed to close the medium automatically.
*Better do not use your youngest backup for -update_r*. Have at least *Better do not use your youngest backup for -update_r*. Have at least
two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups get two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups get
endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
stored safely on a different media. Always have a blank media ready to stored safely on a different medium.
perform a full backup in case the update attempt fails due to Always have a blank medium ready to perform a full backup in case the
insufficient remaining capacity. update attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. This
failure will not spoil the old medium, of course.
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExRestore, Next: ExRecovery, Prev: ExIncBackup, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExRestore, Next: ExRecovery, Prev: ExIncBackup, Up: Examples
@ -4080,9 +4083,9 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: ExRestore, Next: ExRecovery, Prev: ExIncBackup, Up
10.15 Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk 10.15 Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
=================================================================== ===================================================================
This is an alternative to mounting the media and using normal file This is an alternative to mounting the medium and using normal file
operations. operations.
First check which backup sessions are on the media: First check which backup sessions are on the medium:
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc $ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc
@ -4106,8 +4109,8 @@ altered image being discarded.
 
File: xorriso.info, Node: ExRecovery, Prev: ExRestore, Up: Examples File: xorriso.info, Node: ExRecovery, Prev: ExRestore, Up: Examples
10.16 Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media 10.16 Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
================================================= ==================================================
$ xorriso -abort_on NEVER -indev /dev/sr0 \ $ xorriso -abort_on NEVER -indev /dev/sr0 \
@ -4396,12 +4399,12 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: CommandIdx, Next: ConceptIdx, Prev: Legal, Up: Top
* -print prints result text line: Scripting. (line 99) * -print prints result text line: Scripting. (line 99)
* -print_info prints message text line: Scripting. (line 102) * -print_info prints message text line: Scripting. (line 102)
* -print_mark prints synchronizing text line: Scripting. (line 105) * -print_mark prints synchronizing text line: Scripting. (line 105)
* -print_size predicts image size: Inquiry. (line 79) * -print_size predicts image size: Inquiry. (line 80)
* -prog sets program name: Frontend. (line 30) * -prog sets program name: Frontend. (line 30)
* -prog_help prints help text: Frontend. (line 33) * -prog_help prints help text: Frontend. (line 33)
* -prompt prompts for enter key: Scripting. (line 110) * -prompt prompts for enter key: Scripting. (line 110)
* -publisher sets publisher id: SetWrite. (line 113) * -publisher sets publisher id: SetWrite. (line 113)
* -pvd_info shows image id strings: Inquiry. (line 92) * -pvd_info shows image id strings: Inquiry. (line 93)
* -pwd tells working directory in ISO: Navigate. (line 20) * -pwd tells working directory in ISO: Navigate. (line 20)
* -pwdx tells working directory on disk: Navigate. (line 23) * -pwdx tells working directory on disk: Navigate. (line 23)
* -quoted_not_list sets exclusions: SetInsert. (line 72) * -quoted_not_list sets exclusions: SetInsert. (line 72)
@ -4420,7 +4423,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: CommandIdx, Next: ConceptIdx, Prev: Legal, Up: Top
* -scdbackup_tag enables scdbackup checksum tag: Emulation. (line 168) * -scdbackup_tag enables scdbackup checksum tag: Emulation. (line 168)
* -scsi_log reports SCSI commands: Scripting. (line 147) * -scsi_log reports SCSI commands: Scripting. (line 147)
* -session_log logs written sessions: Scripting. (line 138) * -session_log logs written sessions: Scripting. (line 138)
* -session_string composes session info line: Inquiry. (line 66) * -session_string composes session info line: Inquiry. (line 67)
* -set_filter applies filter to file: Filter. (line 60) * -set_filter applies filter to file: Filter. (line 60)
* -set_filter_r applies filter to file tree: Filter. (line 85) * -set_filter_r applies filter to file tree: Filter. (line 85)
* -setfacl sets ACL in ISO image: Manip. (line 73) * -setfacl sets ACL in ISO image: Manip. (line 73)
@ -4441,7 +4444,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: CommandIdx, Next: ConceptIdx, Prev: Legal, Up: Top
* -stdio_sync controls stdio buffer: SetWrite. (line 245) * -stdio_sync controls stdio buffer: SetWrite. (line 245)
* -stream_recording controls defect management: SetWrite. (line 226) * -stream_recording controls defect management: SetWrite. (line 226)
* -system_id sets system id: SetWrite. (line 128) * -system_id sets system id: SetWrite. (line 128)
* -tell_media_space reports free space: Inquiry. (line 88) * -tell_media_space reports free space: Inquiry. (line 89)
* -temp_mem_limit curbs memory consumption: Scripting. (line 92) * -temp_mem_limit curbs memory consumption: Scripting. (line 92)
* -toc shows list of sessions: Inquiry. (line 28) * -toc shows list of sessions: Inquiry. (line 28)
* -uid sets global ownership: SetWrite. (line 191) * -uid sets global ownership: SetWrite. (line 191)
@ -4560,7 +4563,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: ConceptIdx, Prev: CommandIdx, Up: Top
* Image, set volume id, -volid: SetWrite. (line 89) * Image, set volume id, -volid: SetWrite. (line 89)
* Image, set volume set id, -volset_id: SetWrite. (line 108) * Image, set volume set id, -volset_id: SetWrite. (line 108)
* Image, set volume timestamp, -volume_date: SetWrite. (line 135) * Image, set volume timestamp, -volume_date: SetWrite. (line 135)
* Image, show id strings, -pvd_info: Inquiry. (line 92) * Image, show id strings, -pvd_info: Inquiry. (line 93)
* Insert, enable overwriting, -overwrite: SetInsert. (line 127) * Insert, enable overwriting, -overwrite: SetInsert. (line 127)
* Insert, file exclusion absolute, -not_paths: SetInsert. (line 55) * Insert, file exclusion absolute, -not_paths: SetInsert. (line 55)
* Insert, file exclusion from file, -not_list: SetInsert. (line 67) * Insert, file exclusion from file, -not_list: SetInsert. (line 67)
@ -4673,7 +4676,7 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: ConceptIdx, Prev: CommandIdx, Up: Top
* Rock Ridge, _definiton: Extras. (line 6) * Rock Ridge, _definiton: Extras. (line 6)
* Session, _definition: Model. (line 6) * Session, _definition: Model. (line 6)
* Session, altered start address, -displacement: Loading. (line 35) * Session, altered start address, -displacement: Loading. (line 35)
* Session, info string, -session_string: Inquiry. (line 66) * Session, info string, -session_string: Inquiry. (line 67)
* Session, issue mount command, -mount: Restore. (line 126) * Session, issue mount command, -mount: Restore. (line 126)
* Session, log when written, -session_log: Scripting. (line 138) * Session, log when written, -session_log: Scripting. (line 138)
* Session, mount command line, -mount_cmd: Inquiry. (line 41) * Session, mount command line, -mount_cmd: Inquiry. (line 41)
@ -4703,12 +4706,12 @@ File: xorriso.info, Node: ConceptIdx, Prev: CommandIdx, Up: Top
* Write, defect management, -stream_recording: SetWrite. (line 226) * Write, defect management, -stream_recording: SetWrite. (line 226)
* Write, enable Joliet, -joliet: SetWrite. (line 10) * Write, enable Joliet, -joliet: SetWrite. (line 10)
* Write, fifo size, -fs: SetWrite. (line 255) * Write, fifo size, -fs: SetWrite. (line 255)
* Write, free space, -tell_media_space: Inquiry. (line 88) * Write, free space, -tell_media_space: Inquiry. (line 89)
* Write, log problematic disk files, -errfile_log: Scripting. (line 118) * Write, log problematic disk files, -errfile_log: Scripting. (line 118)
* Write, log written sessions, -session_log: Scripting. (line 138) * Write, log written sessions, -session_log: Scripting. (line 138)
* Write, padding image, -padding: SetWrite. (line 268) * Write, padding image, -padding: SetWrite. (line 268)
* Write, pending ISO image, -commit: Writing. (line 13) * Write, pending ISO image, -commit: Writing. (line 13)
* Write, predict image size, -print_size: Inquiry. (line 79) * Write, predict image size, -print_size: Inquiry. (line 80)
* Write, set speed, -speed: SetWrite. (line 211) * Write, set speed, -speed: SetWrite. (line 211)
* Write, simulation, -dummy: SetWrite. (line 251) * Write, simulation, -dummy: SetWrite. (line 251)
* xattr, _definiton: Extras. (line 54) * xattr, _definiton: Extras. (line 54)
@ -4725,56 +4728,56 @@ Tag Table:
Node: Top420 Node: Top420
Node: Overview1375 Node: Overview1375
Node: Model3264 Node: Model3264
Node: Media6148 Node: Media6151
Node: Methods8814 Node: Methods8817
Node: Drives11363 Node: Drives11386
Node: Extras14676 Node: Extras14699
Node: Processing18393 Node: Processing18416
Node: Dialog21863 Node: Dialog21886
Node: Options23526 Node: Options23549
Node: AqDrive25134 Node: AqDrive25157
Node: Loading28171 Node: Loading28194
Node: Insert42438 Node: Insert42463
Node: SetInsert52143 Node: SetInsert52169
Node: Manip60711 Node: Manip60737
Node: CmdFind69438 Node: CmdFind69467
Node: Filter81543 Node: Filter81572
Node: Writing85881 Node: Writing85910
Node: SetWrite93874 Node: SetWrite93911
Node: Bootable107920 Node: Bootable107961
Node: Jigdo121138 Node: Jigdo121181
Node: Charset125384 Node: Charset125427
Node: Exception128143 Node: Exception128186
Node: DialogCtl134256 Node: DialogCtl134299
Node: Inquiry136843 Node: Inquiry136886
Node: Navigate141687 Node: Navigate141749
Node: Verify149945 Node: Verify150007
Node: Restore158610 Node: Restore158674
Node: Emulation165515 Node: Emulation165579
Node: Scripting175318 Node: Scripting175384
Node: Frontend182483 Node: Frontend182549
Node: Examples183782 Node: Examples183848
Node: ExDevices184953 Node: ExDevices185025
Node: ExCreate185612 Node: ExCreate185684
Node: ExDialog186886 Node: ExDialog186966
Node: ExGrowing188148 Node: ExGrowing188229
Node: ExModifying188950 Node: ExModifying189034
Node: ExBootable189451 Node: ExBootable189537
Node: ExCharset190000 Node: ExCharset190089
Node: ExPseudo190820 Node: ExPseudo190909
Node: ExCdrecord191718 Node: ExCdrecord191807
Node: ExMkisofs192033 Node: ExMkisofs192124
Node: ExGrowisofs193371 Node: ExGrowisofs193464
Node: ExException194506 Node: ExException194599
Node: ExTime194960 Node: ExTime195053
Node: ExIncBackup195419 Node: ExIncBackup195512
Node: ExRestore199343 Node: ExRestore199498
Node: ExRecovery200301 Node: ExRecovery200458
Node: Files200869 Node: Files201028
Node: Seealso202167 Node: Seealso202326
Node: Bugreport202890 Node: Bugreport203049
Node: Legal203471 Node: Legal203630
Node: CommandIdx204401 Node: CommandIdx204560
Node: ConceptIdx219497 Node: ConceptIdx219656
 
End Tag Table End Tag Table

160
xorriso/xorriso.texi
View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
@c man .\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps @c man .\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
@c man .\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection @c man .\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
@c man .\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1) @c man .\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
@c man .TH XORRISO 1 "Version 1.1.7, Oct 24, 2011" @c man .TH XORRISO 1 "Version 1.1.7, Oct 26, 2011"
@c man .\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage. @c man .\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
@c man .\" @c man .\"
@c man .\" Some roff macros, for reference: @c man .\" Some roff macros, for reference:
@ -222,9 +222,9 @@ of the operating systems the addresses of the entry points of each
session. The mount programs recognize block devices which represent session. The mount programs recognize block devices which represent
CD media and will by default mount the image in the last session. CD media and will by default mount the image in the last session.
@* @*
This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole media This session usually contains an updated directory tree for the whole medium
which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions. which governs the data contents in all recorded sessions.
So in the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular media So in the view of the mount program all sessions of a particular medium
together form a single filesystem image. together form a single filesystem image.
@* @*
Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as Adding a session to an existing ISO image is in this text referred as
@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ See paragraph Creating, Growing, Modifying, Blind Growing below.
@command{xorriso} adopts the concept of multi-session by loading an @command{xorriso} adopts the concept of multi-session by loading an
image directory tree if present, image directory tree if present,
by allowing to manipulate it by several actions, by allowing to manipulate it by several actions,
and by writing the new image to the target media. and by writing the new image to the target medium.
@c man .br @c man .br
The first session of a @command{xorriso} run begins by the definition of The first session of a @command{xorriso} run begins by the definition of
the input drive with the ISO image or by the definition of an output drive. the input drive with the ISO image or by the definition of an output drive.
@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ an output drive is defined. This is achieved by option -dev on blank media
or by option -outdev on media in any state. or by option -outdev on media in any state.
@* @*
The new empty image can be populated with directories and files. The new empty image can be populated with directories and files.
Before it can be written, the media in the output drive must get into Before it can be written, the medium in the output drive must get into
blank state if it was not blank already. blank state if it was not blank already.
@c man .PP @c man .PP
@sp 1 @sp 1
@ -353,10 +353,10 @@ They have quite different capabilities and constraints.
@c man .PP @c man .PP
@sp 1 @sp 1
@cindex Growing, _definition @cindex Growing, _definition
The method of @strong{growing} adds new data to the existing media. These The method of @strong{growing} adds new data to the existing data on the
data comprise of new file content and they override the existing medium. These data comprise of new file content and they override the existing
ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from
previous sessions but they still exist on media and with many types of previous sessions but they still exist on the medium and with many types of
optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older sessions. optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older sessions.
@* @*
Growing is achieved by option -dev. Growing is achieved by option -dev.
@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ On the other hand modified sessions cannot be written to appendable media
but to blank media only. but to blank media only.
@* @*
So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work with So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work with
filesystem objects as source and/or target media. filesystem objects as source and/or target medium.
@* @*
Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same and Modifying takes place if input drive and output drive are not the same and
if option -grow_blindly is set to its default "off". if option -grow_blindly is set to its default "off".
@ -1099,14 +1099,14 @@ Setting "on" enables that scan for alleged read-only media.
Some operating systems are not able to mount the most recent session of Some operating systems are not able to mount the most recent session of
multi-session DVD or BD. If on such a system @command{xorriso} has no own MMC multi-session DVD or BD. If on such a system @command{xorriso} has no own MMC
capabilities then it may still find that session from a scanned table of capabilities then it may still find that session from a scanned table of
content. Setting "force" handles any media like a ROM media with setting "on". content. Setting "force" handles any media like a ROM medium with setting "on".
@* @*
On the other hand the emulation of session history on overwriteable media On the other hand the emulation of session history on overwriteable media
can hamper reading of partly damaged media. Setting "off:emul_off" disables can hamper reading of partly damaged media. Setting "off:emul_off" disables
the elsewise trustworthy table-of-content scan for those media. the elsewise trustworthy table-of-content scan for those media.
@* @*
To be in effect, the -rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before the -*dev To be in effect, the -rom_toc_scan setting has to be made before the -*dev
command which aquires drive and media. command which aquires drive and medium.
@c man .TP @c man .TP
@item -calm_drive "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off" @item -calm_drive "in"|"out"|"all"|"revoke"|"on"|"off"
@kindex -calm_drive reduces drive activity @kindex -calm_drive reduces drive activity
@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ composed from disk_path by replacing disk_prefix by iso_rr_prefix.
@cindex Insert, piece of data file, -cut_out @cindex Insert, piece of data file, -cut_out
Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in the ISO Map a byte interval of a regular disk file into a regular file in the ISO
image. image.
This may be necessary if the disk file is larger than a single media, or if This may be necessary if the disk file is larger than a single medium, or if
it exceeds the traditional limit of 2 GiB - 1 for old operating systems, it exceeds the traditional limit of 2 GiB - 1 for old operating systems,
or the limit of 4 GiB - 1 for newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels or the limit of 4 GiB - 1 for newer ones. Only the newest Linux kernels
seem to read properly files >= 4 GiB - 1. seem to read properly files >= 4 GiB - 1.
@ -1654,11 +1654,11 @@ Default is "on".
@cindex Delete, from ISO image, -rm @cindex Delete, from ISO image, -rm
Delete the given files from the ISO image. Delete the given files from the ISO image.
@* @*
Note: This does not free any space on the -indev media, even if Note: This does not free any space on the -indev medium, even if
the deletion is committed to that same media. the deletion is committed to that same medium.
@* @*
The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different The image size will shrink if the image is written to a different
media in modification mode. medium in modification mode.
@c man .TP @c man .TP
@item -rm_r iso_rr_path [***] @item -rm_r iso_rr_path [***]
@kindex -rm_r deletes trees from ISO image @kindex -rm_r deletes trees from ISO image
@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ To suppress a final write, execute -rollback_end.
Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several Writing can last quite a while. It is not unnormal with several
types of media that there is no progress visible for the first types of media that there is no progress visible for the first
few minutes or that the drive gnaws on the media for a few few minutes or that the drive gnaws on the medium for a few
minutes after all data have been transmitted. minutes after all data have been transmitted.
@command{xorriso} and the drives are in a client-server relationship. @command{xorriso} and the drives are in a client-server relationship.
The drives have much freedom about what to do with the media. The drives have much freedom about what to do with the media.
@ -2381,7 +2381,7 @@ under SEE ALSO.
@item -eject "in"|"out"|"all" @item -eject "in"|"out"|"all"
@kindex -eject ejects drive tray @kindex -eject ejects drive tray
@cindex Drive, eject tray, -eject @cindex Drive, eject tray, -eject
Eject the media in -indev, resp. -outdev, resp. both drives. Eject the medium in -indev, resp. -outdev, resp. both drives.
Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files. Note: It is not possible yet to effectively eject disk files.
@c man .TP @c man .TP
@item -commit_eject "in"|"out"|"all"|"none" @item -commit_eject "in"|"out"|"all"|"none"
@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ E.g: "by_size_4100m". This applies to media with Defect Management.
@* @*
The formatting action has no effect on media if -dummy is activated. The formatting action has no effect on media if -dummy is activated.
@* @*
Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a media, Formatting is normally needed only once during the lifetime of a medium,
if ever. But it is a reason for re-formatting if: if ever. But it is a reason for re-formatting if:
@* @*
DVD-RW was deformatted by -blank, DVD-RW was deformatted by -blank,
@ -2479,7 +2479,7 @@ or worse occured. Be patient with apparently frozen progress.
@kindex -list_formats lists available formats @kindex -list_formats lists available formats
@cindex Media, list formats, -list_formats @cindex Media, list formats, -list_formats
Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output drive for Put out a list of format descriptors as reported by the output drive for
the current media. The list gives the index number after "Format idx", the current medium. The list gives the index number after "Format idx",
a MMC format code, the announced size in blocks (like "2236704s") a MMC format code, the announced size in blocks (like "2236704s")
and the same size in MiB. and the same size in MiB.
@* @*
@ -2494,7 +2494,7 @@ Smaller format size with DVD-RAM, BD-RE, or BD-R means more reserve space.
@kindex -list_speeds lists available write speeds @kindex -list_speeds lists available write speeds
@cindex Media, list write speeds, -list_speeds @cindex Media, list write speeds, -list_speeds
Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with Put out a list of speed values as reported by the output drive with
the loaded media. This does not necessarily mean that the media is writable the loaded medium. This does not necessarily mean that the medium is writable
or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially the or that these speeds are actually achievable. Especially the
lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously advertise lists reported with empty drive or with ROM media obviously advertise
speeds for other media. speeds for other media.
@ -2511,13 +2511,13 @@ and eventually override the list of other speed offers.
@item -close_damaged "as_needed"|"force" @item -close_damaged "as_needed"|"force"
@kindex -close_damaged closes damaged track and session @kindex -close_damaged closes damaged track and session
@cindex Damaged track and session, close, -close_damaged @cindex Damaged track and session, close, -close_damaged
Try to close the upcomming track and session if the drive reported the media Try to close the upcomming track and session if the drive reported the medium
as damaged. This may apply to CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+R DL, as damaged. This may apply to CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+R DL,
or BD-R media. It is indicated by warning messages when the drive gets or BD-R media. It is indicated by warning messages when the drive gets
aquired, and by a remark "but next track is damaged" with the line aquired, and by a remark "but next track is damaged" with the line
"Media status :" of command -toc. "Media status :" of command -toc.
@* @*
The setting of option -close determines whether the media stays appendable. The setting of option -close determines whether the medium stays appendable.
@* @*
Mode "as_needed" gracefully refuses on media which are not reported as Mode "as_needed" gracefully refuses on media which are not reported as
damaged. Mode "force" attempts the close operation even with media which damaged. Mode "force" attempts the close operation even with media which
@ -2655,7 +2655,7 @@ ECMA 119 demands ASCII characters out of [A-Z0-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23"
Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name" Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
@* @*
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the
mount point when the media is inserted into a playful computer system. mount point when the medium is inserted into a playful computer system.
@* @*
If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default "ISOIMAGE" If an ISO image gets loaded while the volume ID is set to default "ISOIMAGE"
or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will become the effective or to "", then the volume ID of the loaded image will become the effective
@ -2825,7 +2825,7 @@ Example speeds:
5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD 5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD
@* @*
If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the If there is no hint about the speed unit attached, then the
media in the -outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k. medium in the -outdev will decide. Default unit is CD = 176.4k.
@* @*
MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take
the speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit the speed value given by the burn program only as upper limit
@ -2836,7 +2836,7 @@ for their own decision.
@cindex Write, defect management, -stream_recording @cindex Write, defect management, -stream_recording
Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on DVD-RAM, BD-RE, Setting "on" tries to circumvent the management of defects on DVD-RAM, BD-RE,
or BD-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged media usable. But it reduces or BD-R. Defect management keeps partly damaged media usable. But it reduces
write speed to half nominal speed even if the media is in perfect shape. write speed to half nominal speed even if the medium is in perfect shape.
For the case of flawless media, one may use -stream_recording "on" to get For the case of flawless media, one may use -stream_recording "on" to get
full speed. full speed.
@* @*
@ -2882,7 +2882,7 @@ which means unit is kiB (= 1024) or MiB (= 1024 kiB).
@item -close "on"|"off" @item -close "on"|"off"
@kindex -close controls media closing @kindex -close controls media closing
@cindex Write, close media, -close @cindex Write, close media, -close
If "on" then mark the written media as not appendable If "on" then mark the written medium as not appendable
any more (if possible at all with the given type of target media). any more (if possible at all with the given type of target media).
@* @*
This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option -multi, This is the contrary of cdrecord, wodim, cdrskin option -multi,
@ -3029,10 +3029,10 @@ started by the hardware boot facility (e.g. the BIOS) at boot time.
@* @*
@strong{efi_path=} depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI booting. @strong{efi_path=} depicts a boot image file that is ready for EFI booting.
Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info table gets Its load_size is determined automatically, no boot info table gets
written, no boot media gets emulated, platform_id is 0xef. written, no boot medium gets emulated, platform_id is 0xef.
@* @*
@strong{emul_type=} can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette". @strong{emul_type=} can be one of "no_emulation", "hard_disk", "diskette".
It controls the boot media emulation code of a boot image. It controls the boot medium emulation code of a boot image.
The default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD cdboot. The default "no_emulation" is suitable for ISOLINUX, GRUB, FreeBSD cdboot.
@* @*
@strong{load_size=} is a value which depends on the boot image. @strong{load_size=} is a value which depends on the boot image.
@ -3653,8 +3653,8 @@ Precedence is: "dvdrw", "cdrw", "dvd", "cdrom", "cd".
@* @*
@kindex -toc shows list of sessions @kindex -toc shows list of sessions
@cindex Table-of-content, show, -toc @cindex Table-of-content, show, -toc
Show media specific table of content. This is the media session history, Show media specific table of content. This is the session history
not the ISO image directory tree. of the medium, not the ISO image directory tree.
@* @*
In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may happen that In case of overwriteable media holding a valid ISO image, it may happen that
only a single session gets shown. But if the first session on the only a single session gets shown. But if the first session on the
@ -3697,7 +3697,7 @@ option "exclusive" which is default and its counterpart "shared". The latter
causes @command{xorriso} not to give up the affected drive with command -mount. causes @command{xorriso} not to give up the affected drive with command -mount.
On GNU/Linux it adds mount option "loop" which may allow to mount several On GNU/Linux it adds mount option "loop" which may allow to mount several
sessions of the same block device at the same time. One should not write sessions of the same block device at the same time. One should not write
to a mounted optical media, of course. Take care to umount all sessions to a mounted optical medium, of course. Take care to umount all sessions
before ejecting. before ejecting.
@c man .TP @c man .TP
@item -session_string drive entity id format @item -session_string drive entity id format
@ -3733,7 +3733,7 @@ then -padding (300 kB by default) is not counted as part of the image size.
@item -tell_media_space @item -tell_media_space
@kindex -tell_media_space reports free space @kindex -tell_media_space reports free space
@cindex Write, free space, -tell_media_space @cindex Write, free space, -tell_media_space
Print available space on output media and the free space after Print available space on the output medium and the free space after
subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next -commit. subtracting already foreseeable consumption by next -commit.
@c man .TP @c man .TP
@item -pvd_info @item -pvd_info
@ -4019,10 +4019,10 @@ and based on extra data on the media. If a drive returns data then one can
quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree of read problems the quite trust that they are valid. But at some degree of read problems the
correction will fail and the drive is supposed to indicate error. correction will fail and the drive is supposed to indicate error.
@* @*
@command{xorriso} can scan the media for readable data blocks, classify them @command{xorriso} can scan a medium for readable data blocks, classify them
according according
to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of successfuly saved to their read speed, save them to a file, and keep track of successfuly saved
blocks for further tries on the same media. blocks for further tries on the same medium.
@* @*
By option -md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole By option -md5 checksums may get recorded with data files and whole
sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded image. sessions. These checksums are reachable only via indev and a loaded image.
@ -4101,7 +4101,7 @@ does not read any media but loads the file given by option
sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome. sector_map= and processes this virtual outcome.
@* @*
@item what="disc" @item what="disc"
scans the payload range of a media without respecting track gaps. scans the payload range of a medium without respecting track gaps.
@* @*
@item what="image" @item what="image"
similar to "disc", but restricts scanning to the range of the ISO 9660 image, similar to "disc", but restricts scanning to the range of the ISO 9660 image,
@ -4148,7 +4148,7 @@ recorded MD5 checksums. Severity "ALL" disables this event.
tries to read the file given by disk_path as tries to read the file given by disk_path as
sector bitmap and to store such a map file after the scan run. sector bitmap and to store such a map file after the scan run.
The bitmap tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous runs. The bitmap tells which blocks have been read successfully in previous runs.
It allows to do several scans on the same media, even with intermediate It allows to do several scans on the same medium, even with intermediate
eject, in order to collect readable blocks whenever the drive is lucky enough eject, in order to collect readable blocks whenever the drive is lucky enough
to produce them. The stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks to produce them. The stored file contains a human readable TOC of tracks
and their start block addresses, followed by binary bitmap data. and their start block addresses, followed by binary bitmap data.
@ -4540,7 +4540,7 @@ It ignores most other options of cdrecord and cdrskin but refuses on
-audio, -scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to @command{xorriso}. -audio, -scanbus, and on blanking modes unknown to @command{xorriso}.
@* @*
The scope is only a single data track per session to be written The scope is only a single data track per session to be written
to blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The media gets closed if to blank, overwriteable, or appendable media. The medium gets closed if
closing is applicable and not option -multi is present. closing is applicable and not option -multi is present.
@* @*
If an input drive was aquired, then it is given up. If an input drive was aquired, then it is given up.
@ -4613,7 +4613,7 @@ nn% done, estimate finish Tue Jul 15 20:13:28 2008
Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record. Set the parameter "name" for a scdbackup checksum record.
It will be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the -md5 session tag if It will be appended in an scdbackup checksum tag to the -md5 session tag if
the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as first the image starts at LBA 0. This is the case if it gets written as first
session onto a sequential media, or piped into a program, named pipe or session onto a sequential medium, or piped into a program, named pipe or
character device. character device.
@* @*
If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to the If list_path is not empty then the record will also be appended to the
@ -4919,21 +4919,21 @@ Use text as name of this program and perform -help.
@c man .B Overview of examples: @c man .B Overview of examples:
@c man As superuser learn about available drives @c man As superuser learn about available drives
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run @c man Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man A dialog session doing about the same @c man A dialog session doing about the same
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media @c man Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Copy modified ISO image from one media to another @c man Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable @c man Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 @c man Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives @c man Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Burn an existing ISO image file to media @c man Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions @c man Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
@c man .br @c man .br
@ -4947,25 +4947,25 @@ Use text as name of this program and perform -help.
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk @c man Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
@c man .br @c man .br
@c man Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media @c man Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
@cindex Examples @cindex Examples
@menu @menu
* ExDevices:: As superuser learn about available drives * ExDevices:: As superuser learn about available drives
* ExCreate:: Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run * ExCreate:: Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
* ExDialog:: A dialog session doing about the same * ExDialog:: A dialog session doing about the same
* ExGrowing:: Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media * ExGrowing:: Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
* ExModifying:: Copy modified ISO image from one media to another * ExModifying:: Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
* ExBootable:: Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable * ExBootable:: Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
* ExCharset:: Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 * ExCharset:: Change existing file name tree from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8
* ExPseudo:: Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives * ExPseudo:: Operate on storage facilities other than optical drives
* ExCdrecord:: Burn an existing ISO image file to media * ExCdrecord:: Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
* ExMkisofs:: Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions * ExMkisofs:: Perform multi-session runs as of cdrtools traditions
* ExGrowisofs:: Let @command{xorriso} work underneath growisofs * ExGrowisofs:: Let @command{xorriso} work underneath growisofs
* ExException:: Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort * ExException:: Adjust thresholds for verbosity, exit value and program abort
* ExTime:: Examples of input timestrings * ExTime:: Examples of input timestrings
* ExIncBackup:: Incremental backup of a few directory trees * ExIncBackup:: Incremental backup of a few directory trees
* ExRestore:: Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk * ExRestore:: Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
* ExRecovery:: Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media * ExRecovery:: Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
@end menu @end menu
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B As superuser learn about available drives @c man .B As superuser learn about available drives
@ -4985,15 +4985,15 @@ $ xorriso -device_links
@* @*
2 -dev '/dev/cdrw3' rwrw@minus{}@minus{} : 'HL-DT-ST' 'BDDVDRW_GGC-H20L' 2 -dev '/dev/cdrw3' rwrw@minus{}@minus{} : 'HL-DT-ST' 'BDDVDRW_GGC-H20L'
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run @c man .B Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
@node ExCreate, ExDialog, ExDevices, Examples @node ExCreate, ExDialog, ExDevices, Examples
@section Blank media and compose a new ISO image as batch run @section Blank medium and compose a new ISO image as batch run
Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make media ready for writing a new image, Aquire drive /dev/sr2, make medium ready for writing a new image,
fill the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds fill the image with the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds
and /home/me/pictures. and /home/me/pictures.
@* @*
Because no -dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing the Because no -dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by writing the
session to media. session to the medium.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \ $ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \
@ -5053,7 +5053,7 @@ The drive is acquired by option -dev rather than -outdev in order to see
the message about its current content. By option -blank this content is the message about its current content. By option -blank this content is
made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty. made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty.
@* @*
In order to be able to eject the media, the session needs to be committed In order to be able to eject the medium, the session needs to be committed
explicitly. explicitly.
@* @*
@c man .B $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on @c man .B $ xorriso -dialog on -page 20 80 -disk_pattern on
@ -5127,15 +5127,15 @@ enter option and arguments :
-commit_eject all -end -commit_eject all -end
@c man-ignore-lines end @c man-ignore-lines end
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media @c man .B Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
@node ExGrowing, ExModifying, ExDialog, Examples @node ExGrowing, ExModifying, ExDialog, Examples
@section Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same media @section Manipulate an existing ISO image on the same medium
Load image from drive. Load image from drive.
Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its subordinates. Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its subordinates.
Rename directory /pictures/confidential to /pictures/restricted. Rename directory /pictures/confidential to /pictures/restricted.
Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted. Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted.
Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies. Add new directory trees /sounds and /movies.
Burn to the same media, check whether the tree can be loaded, and eject. Burn to the same medium, check whether the tree can be loaded, and eject.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
$ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \ $ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \
@ -5158,9 +5158,9 @@ $ xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \
@* @*
-commit -eject all -commit -eject all
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Copy modified ISO image from one media to another @c man .B Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
@node ExModifying, ExBootable, ExGrowing, Examples @node ExModifying, ExBootable, ExGrowing, Examples
@section Copy modified ISO image from one media to another @section Copy modified ISO image from one medium to another
Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the previous Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the previous
example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified image as example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified image as
first and only session to the output drive. first and only session to the output drive.
@ -5176,12 +5176,12 @@ $ xorriso -indev /dev/sr2 \
@* @*
-commit -eject all -commit -eject all
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable @c man .B Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
@node ExBootable, ExCharset, ExModifying, Examples @node ExBootable, ExCharset, ExModifying, Examples
@section Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto media and make it bootable @section Bring a prepared ISOLINUX tree onto medium and make it bootable
The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the The user has already created a suitable file tree on disk and copied the
ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree. ISOLINUX files into subdirectory ./boot/isolinux of that tree.
Now @command{xorriso} can burn an El Torito bootable media: Now @command{xorriso} can burn an El Torito bootable medium:
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -blank as_needed \ $ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -blank as_needed \
@ -5249,9 +5249,9 @@ $ xorriso -outdev - \
@* @*
| gzip >image.iso.gz | gzip >image.iso.gz
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Burn an existing ISO image file to media @c man .B Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
@node ExCdrecord, ExMkisofs, ExPseudo, Examples @node ExCdrecord, ExMkisofs, ExPseudo, Examples
@section Burn an existing ISO image file to media @section Burn an existing ISO image file to medium
Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images: Actually this works with any kind of data, not only ISO images:
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
@ -5285,11 +5285,11 @@ $ xorriso -as mkisofs -M /dev/sr0 -C $m prepared_for_iso/tree2 | \
@sp 1 @sp 1
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions
get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware
of the changed content before it loads the media again. of the changed content before it loads the medium again.
In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the
new session would contain only the newly added files. new session would contain only the newly added files.
@* @*
For the same reason do not let @command{xorriso} -as cdrecord load the media, For the same reason do not let @command{xorriso} -as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
@ -5445,9 +5445,9 @@ $ xorriso \
-commit -toc -check_md5 FAILURE @minus{}@minus{} -eject all -commit -toc -check_md5 FAILURE @minus{}@minus{} -eject all
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of To be used several times on the same medium, whenever an update of
the two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start the two disk trees to the medium is desired. Begin with a blank medium and
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on update it until he run fails gracefully due to lack of remaining space on
the old one. the old one.
@* @*
This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining capacity This makes sense if the full backup leaves substantial remaining capacity
@ -5505,8 +5505,8 @@ The cloned tree will have a name like /2011_02_12_155700.
@c man .sp 1 @c man .sp 1
Sessions on multi-session media are separated by several MB of unused blocks. Sessions on multi-session media are separated by several MB of unused blocks.
So with small sessions the payload capacity can become substantially lower So with small sessions the payload capacity can become substantially lower
than the overall media capacity. If the remaining space on media does not than the overall media capacity. If the remaining space on a medium does not
suffice for the next gap, the drive is supposed to close the media suffice for the next gap, the drive is supposed to close the medium
automatically. automatically.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
@ -5514,16 +5514,18 @@ automatically.
@strong{Better do not use your youngest backup for -update_r}. @strong{Better do not use your youngest backup for -update_r}.
Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups
get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
stored safely on a different media. stored safely on a different medium.
Always have a blank media ready to perform a full backup in case the update @*
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. Always have a blank medium ready to perform a full backup in case the update
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. This failure will
not spoil the old medium, of course.
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk @c man .B Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
@node ExRestore, ExRecovery, ExIncBackup, Examples @node ExRestore, ExRecovery, ExIncBackup, Examples
@section Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk @section Restore directory trees from a particular ISO session to disk
This is an alternative to mounting the media and using normal file operations. This is an alternative to mounting the medium and using normal file operations.
@* @*
First check which backup sessions are on the media: First check which backup sessions are on the medium:
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
$ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc $ xorriso -outdev /dev/sr0 -toc
@ -5556,9 +5558,9 @@ $ xorriso -for_backup \
The final command -rollback_end prevents an error message about the altered The final command -rollback_end prevents an error message about the altered
image being discarded. image being discarded.
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media @c man .B Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
@node ExRecovery,, ExRestore, Examples @node ExRecovery,, ExRestore, Examples
@section Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged media @section Try to retrieve blocks from a damaged medium
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
$ xorriso -abort_on NEVER -indev /dev/sr0 \ $ xorriso -abort_on NEVER -indev /dev/sr0 \

30
xorriso/xorrisofs.1
View File

@ -179,13 +179,13 @@ ISO image out of the file given by option \-M.
Separated by a comma, set the next_writeable_address to which the Separated by a comma, set the next_writeable_address to which the
add\-on session will finally be written. Decisive is actually the block add\-on session will finally be written. Decisive is actually the block
address which the intended readers will have to use as superblock address address which the intended readers will have to use as superblock address
on the intended media. on the intended medium.
.br .br
Both values can be inquired from optical media by help of burn programs Both values can be inquired from optical media by help of burn programs
and cdrecord option \-msinfo. xorriso itself can obtain it in its and cdrecord option \-msinfo. xorriso itself can obtain it in its
cdrecord emulation. Do not let it load the drive, but rather do this manually cdrecord emulation. Do not let it load the drive, but rather do this manually
or by a program like dd which reads a few bytes. Only then it is sure that or by a program like dd which reads a few bytes. Only then it is sure that
the device driver knows the true readable size of the media. the device driver knows the true readable size of the medium.
.br .br
dd if=/dev/... count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 dd if=/dev/... count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
.br .br
@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ Conformant are ASCII characters out of [A\-Z0\-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23"
Joliet allows 16 UCS\-2 characters. Like: "Windows name" Joliet allows 16 UCS\-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
.br .br
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the
mount point when the media is inserted into a playful computer system. mount point when the medium is inserted into a playful computer system.
.TP .TP
\fB\-volid\fR text \fB\-volid\fR text
Alias of \-V. Alias of \-V.
@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ Set the ASCII label text of a SUN Disk Label.
.PP .PP
Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric
characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers
of the media use the same character set. of the medium use the same character set.
Outside these constraints it may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte Outside these constraints it may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte
codes. codes.
.br .br
@ -1178,11 +1178,11 @@ Follow\-up sessions are written like this:
.br .br
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions
get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware
of the changed content before it loads the media again. of the changed content before it loads the medium again.
In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the
new session would contain only the newly added files. new session would contain only the newly added files.
.br .br
For the same reason do not let xorriso \-as cdrecord load the media, For the same reason do not let xorriso \-as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
.SS .SS
.B Let xorrisofs work underneath growisofs .B Let xorrisofs work underneath growisofs
@ -1231,12 +1231,12 @@ over cycles of mounting and booting.
Files with names matching *.o or *.swp get excluded explicitly. Files with names matching *.o or *.swp get excluded explicitly.
.br .br
.sp 1 .sp 1
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of To be used several times on the same medium, whenever an update of
the two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start the two disk trees to the medium is desired. Begin with a blank medium and
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on update it until he run fails gracefully due to lack of remaining space on
the old one. the old one.
.br .br
Do not let xorriso \-as cdrecord load the media, Do not let xorriso \-as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
.br .br
$ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 $ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
@ -1267,9 +1267,11 @@ on media and if the expected changes are much smaller than the full backup.
\fBBetter do not use your youngest backup for \-old\-root\fR. \fBBetter do not use your youngest backup for \-old\-root\fR.
Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups
get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
stored safely on a different media. stored safely on a different medium.
Always have a blank media ready to perform a full backup in case the update .br
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. Always have a blank medium ready to perform a full backup in case the update
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. This failure will
not spoil the old medium, of course.
.br .br
.sp 1 .sp 1
If inode numbers on disk are not persistent, then use If inode numbers on disk are not persistent, then use
@ -1334,7 +1336,7 @@ With the first session:
With the second session, option \-old\-root refers to /session1 and the With the second session, option \-old\-root refers to /session1 and the
new \-root is /session2. new \-root is /session2.
.br .br
Do not let xorriso \-as cdrecord load the media, Do not let xorriso \-as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
.br .br
$ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 $ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1

83
xorriso/xorrisofs.info
View File

@ -196,13 +196,13 @@ then a new image is composed from scratch.
Separated by a comma, set the next_writeable_address to which the Separated by a comma, set the next_writeable_address to which the
add-on session will finally be written. Decisive is actually the add-on session will finally be written. Decisive is actually the
block address which the intended readers will have to use as block address which the intended readers will have to use as
superblock address on the intended media. superblock address on the intended medium.
Both values can be inquired from optical media by help of burn Both values can be inquired from optical media by help of burn
programs and cdrecord option -msinfo. xorriso itself can obtain it programs and cdrecord option -msinfo. xorriso itself can obtain it
in its cdrecord emulation. Do not let it load the drive, but in its cdrecord emulation. Do not let it load the drive, but
rather do this manually or by a program like dd which reads a few rather do this manually or by a program like dd which reads a few
bytes. Only then it is sure that the device driver knows the true bytes. Only then it is sure that the device driver knows the true
readable size of the media. readable size of the medium.
dd if=/dev/... count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 dd if=/dev/... count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
values=$(xorriso -as cdrecord dev=/dev/... -msinfo) values=$(xorriso -as cdrecord dev=/dev/... -msinfo)
@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ characters from at most 3 characters.
Conformant are ASCII characters out of [A-Z0-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23" Conformant are ASCII characters out of [A-Z0-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23"
Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name" Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name
of the mount point when the media is inserted into a playful of the mount point when the medium is inserted into a playful
computer system. computer system.
-volid text -volid text
@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ File: xorrisofs.info, Node: Charset, Next: Jigdo, Prev: SystemArea, Up: Opti
Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric
characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers
of the media use the same character set. Outside these constraints it of the medium use the same character set. Outside these constraints it
may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte codes. may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte codes.
A conversion from input character set to the output character set is A conversion from input character set to the output character set is
performed when an ISO image gets written. Vice versa there is a performed when an ISO image gets written. Vice versa there is a
@ -1169,11 +1169,11 @@ $ xorrisofs -M /dev/sr0 -C $m -graft-points \
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions get read Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions get read
via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware of the changed via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware of the changed
content before it loads the media again. In this case the previous content before it loads the medium again. In this case the previous
session would not be loaded and the new session would contain only the session would not be loaded and the new session would contain only the
newly added files. newly added files.
For the same reason do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the media, but For the same reason do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the medium,
rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
 
File: xorrisofs.info, Node: ExGrowisofs, Next: ExIncBackup, Prev: ExMkisofs, Up: Examples File: xorrisofs.info, Node: ExGrowisofs, Next: ExIncBackup, Prev: ExMkisofs, Up: Examples
@ -1222,11 +1222,11 @@ expected that inode numbers in the disk filesystem are persistent over
cycles of mounting and booting. Files with names matching *.o or *.swp cycles of mounting and booting. Files with names matching *.o or *.swp
get excluded explicitly. get excluded explicitly.
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of the To be used several times on the same medium, whenever an update of the
two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start two disk trees to the medium is desired. Begin with a blank medium and
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on update it until he run fails gracefully due to lack of remaining space
the old one. on the old one.
Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the media, but rather do this Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the medium, but rather do this
manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
$ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 $ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
@ -1247,9 +1247,10 @@ full backup.
*Better do not use your youngest backup for -old-root*. Have at least *Better do not use your youngest backup for -old-root*. Have at least
two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups get two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups get
endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
stored safely on a different media. Always have a blank media ready to stored safely on a different medium.
perform a full backup in case the update attempt fails due to Always have a blank medium ready to perform a full backup in case the
insufficient remaining capacity. update attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. This
failure will not spoil the old medium, of course.
If inode numbers on disk are not persistent, then use option If inode numbers on disk are not persistent, then use option
--old-root-no-ino . In this case an update run will compare recorded --old-root-no-ino . In this case an update run will compare recorded
@ -1304,7 +1305,7 @@ $ xorrisofs -root /session1 \
With the second session, option -old-root refers to /session1 and the With the second session, option -old-root refers to /session1 and the
new -root is /session2. new -root is /session2.
Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the media, but rather do this Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the medium, but rather do this
manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
$ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 $ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
@ -1814,30 +1815,30 @@ Node: Insert3218
Node: Xorriso4990 Node: Xorriso4990
Node: Options6129 Node: Options6129
Node: Loading6846 Node: Loading6846
Node: SetInsert9140 Node: SetInsert9142
Node: SetProduct13556 Node: SetProduct13558
Node: SetCompl17263 Node: SetCompl17265
Node: SetExtras19582 Node: SetExtras19584
Node: SetHide22559 Node: SetHide22561
Node: ImageId23558 Node: ImageId23560
Node: Bootable27062 Node: Bootable27065
Node: SystemArea31127 Node: SystemArea31130
Node: Charset37461 Node: Charset37464
Node: Jigdo38486 Node: Jigdo38490
Node: Miscellaneous42753 Node: Miscellaneous42757
Node: Examples43917 Node: Examples43921
Node: ExSimple44403 Node: ExSimple44407
Node: ExGraft44882 Node: ExGraft44886
Node: ExMkisofs46129 Node: ExMkisofs46133
Node: ExGrowisofs47380 Node: ExGrowisofs47386
Node: ExIncBackup48552 Node: ExIncBackup48558
Node: ExIncBckAcc51601 Node: ExIncBckAcc51666
Node: ExBootable53276 Node: ExBootable53342
Node: Files55368 Node: Files55434
Node: Seealso56442 Node: Seealso56508
Node: Bugreport57098 Node: Bugreport57164
Node: Legal57679 Node: Legal57745
Node: CommandIdx58487 Node: CommandIdx58553
Node: ConceptIdx69820 Node: ConceptIdx69886
 
End Tag Table End Tag Table

30
xorriso/xorrisofs.texi
View File

@ -308,13 +308,13 @@ ISO image out of the file given by option -M.
Separated by a comma, set the next_writeable_address to which the Separated by a comma, set the next_writeable_address to which the
add-on session will finally be written. Decisive is actually the block add-on session will finally be written. Decisive is actually the block
address which the intended readers will have to use as superblock address address which the intended readers will have to use as superblock address
on the intended media. on the intended medium.
@* @*
Both values can be inquired from optical media by help of burn programs Both values can be inquired from optical media by help of burn programs
and cdrecord option -msinfo. xorriso itself can obtain it in its and cdrecord option -msinfo. xorriso itself can obtain it in its
cdrecord emulation. Do not let it load the drive, but rather do this manually cdrecord emulation. Do not let it load the drive, but rather do this manually
or by a program like dd which reads a few bytes. Only then it is sure that or by a program like dd which reads a few bytes. Only then it is sure that
the device driver knows the true readable size of the media. the device driver knows the true readable size of the medium.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
dd if=/dev/... count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1 dd if=/dev/... count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ Conformant are ASCII characters out of [A-Z0-9_]. Like: "IMAGE_23"
Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name" Joliet allows 16 UCS-2 characters. Like: "Windows name"
@* @*
Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the Be aware that the volume id might get used automatically as name of the
mount point when the media is inserted into a playful computer system. mount point when the medium is inserted into a playful computer system.
@c man .TP @c man .TP
@item -volid text @item -volid text
@kindex -volid set Volume Id @kindex -volid set Volume Id
@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ Set the ASCII label text of a SUN Disk Label.
@cindex Character sets, _definition @cindex Character sets, _definition
Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric Character sets should not matter as long as only english alphanumeric
characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers characters are used for file names or as long as all writers and readers
of the media use the same character set. of the medium use the same character set.
Outside these constraints it may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte Outside these constraints it may be necessary to let xorriso convert byte
codes. codes.
@* @*
@ -1629,11 +1629,11 @@ Follow-up sessions are written like this:
@sp 1 @sp 1
Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions Always eject the drive tray between sessions. The old sessions
get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware get read via /dev/sr0. Its device driver might not be aware
of the changed content before it loads the media again. of the changed content before it loads the medium again.
In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the In this case the previous session would not be loaded and the
new session would contain only the newly added files. new session would contain only the newly added files.
@* @*
For the same reason do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the media, For the same reason do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
@c man .SS @c man .SS
@c man .B Let xorrisofs work underneath growisofs @c man .B Let xorrisofs work underneath growisofs
@ -1692,12 +1692,12 @@ Files with names matching *.o or *.swp get excluded explicitly.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
@c man .sp 1 @c man .sp 1
To be used several times on the same media, whenever an update of To be used several times on the same medium, whenever an update of
the two disk trees to the media is desired. Begin with blank media and start the two disk trees to the medium is desired. Begin with a blank medium and
a new blank media when the run fails due to lack of remaining space on update it until he run fails gracefully due to lack of remaining space on
the old one. the old one.
@* @*
Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the media, Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
@ -1731,9 +1731,11 @@ on media and if the expected changes are much smaller than the full backup.
@strong{Better do not use your youngest backup for -old-root}. @strong{Better do not use your youngest backup for -old-root}.
Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups Have at least two media which you use alternatingly. So only older backups
get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is get endangered by the new write operation, while the newest backup is
stored safely on a different media. stored safely on a different medium.
Always have a blank media ready to perform a full backup in case the update @*
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. Always have a blank medium ready to perform a full backup in case the update
attempt fails due to insufficient remaining capacity. This failure will
not spoil the old medium, of course.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1
@c man .sp 1 @c man .sp 1
@ -1812,7 +1814,7 @@ With the first session:
With the second session, option -old-root refers to /session1 and the With the second session, option -old-root refers to /session1 and the
new -root is /session2. new -root is /session2.
@* @*
Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the media, Do not let xorriso -as cdrecord load the medium,
but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0. but rather do this manually or by a program that reads from /dev/sr0.
@* @*
@sp 1 @sp 1