749 lines
21 KiB
Bash
Executable File
749 lines
21 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/bin/sh
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# Copyright (c) 2019
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# Nio Wiklund alias sudodus <nio dot wiklund at gmail dot com>
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# Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
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# Provided under GPL version 2 or later.
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# Check whether we are on GNU/Linux
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if uname -s | grep -v '^Linux' >/dev/null
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then
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echo "This program is entirely specialized on Linux kernel device names." >&2
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echo "Found to be on: '$(uname -s)'" >&2
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exit 2
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fi
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# Accept sudo-executable commands only in well known directories.
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# (Listed with increasing priority.)
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lsblk_cmd=
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dd_cmd=
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if test "$(whoami)" = "root"
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then
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sudo_x_dir_list="/usr/bin /bin /usr/sbin /sbin"
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else
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sudo_x_dir_list="/usr/sbin /sbin /usr/bin /bin"
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fi
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for i in $sudo_x_dir_list
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do
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if test -x "$i"/lsblk
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then
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lsblk_cmd="$i"/lsblk
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fi
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if test -x "$i"/dd
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then
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dd_cmd="$i"/dd
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fi
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if test -x "$i"/umount
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then
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umount_cmd="$i"/umount
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fi
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done
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if test -z "$lsblk_cmd"
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then
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echo "No executable program lsblk found in: $sudo_x_dir_list" >&2
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exit 5
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fi
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print_usage() {
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echo "usage: $0 [options] [device_name [device_name ...]]"
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echo
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echo "Looks on GNU/Linux for USB and Memory Card devices and evaluates"
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echo "whether the found devices are plausible targets for image copying."
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echo "If no device names and no -list_all are given, then a plain list of"
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echo "advisable device names is printed to stdout. One per line."
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echo "Device names must not begin by '-' and must be single words. They must"
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echo "not contain '/'. E.g. 'sdc' is valid, '/dev/sdc' is not valid."
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echo "If device names are given, then they get listed with advice shown."
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echo "If one of the given device names gets not advised, the exit value is 1."
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echo
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echo "The option -plug_test can determine the desired target device by"
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echo "inquiring the system with unplugged device and then with plugged one."
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echo
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echo "Only if option -DO_WRITE is given and -list_all is not, and if exactly"
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echo "one advisable device is listed, it really gets overwritten by the"
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echo "file content of the given -image_file. In this case the exit value"
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echo "is zero if writing succeeded, non-zero else."
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echo "Option -dummy prevents this kind of real action and rather shows the"
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echo "unmount and write commands on stdout."
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echo
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echo "Options:"
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echo " -plug_test Find the target device by asking the user to press"
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echo " Enter when the desired target is _not_ plugged in,"
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echo " to then plug it in, and to press Enter again."
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echo " This overrides device names and option -list_all."
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echo " The found device is then shown with advice, vendor,"
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echo " and model. Option -DO_WRITE is obeyed if given."
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echo " -list_all Print list of all found devices with advice, vendor"
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echo " and model. One per line. Ignore any device names."
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echo " Ignore -DO_WRITE."
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echo " -with_vendor_model Print vendor and model with each submitted device."
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echo
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echo " -max_size n[M|G|T] Set upper byte size limit for advisable devices."
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echo " Plain numbers get rounded down to full millions."
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echo " Suffix: M = million, G = billion, T = trillion."
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echo " Be generous to avoid problems with GB < GiB."
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echo " -min_size n[M|G|T] Set lower byte size limit for advisable devices."
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echo " After processing like with -max_size, one million"
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echo " gets added to the size limit."
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echo " -look_for_iso Demand presence of an ISO 9660 filesystem. If so,"
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echo " any further filesystem type is acceptable on that"
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echo " device. Else only ISO 9660 and VFAT are accepted."
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echo " -with_sudo Run '$lsblk_cmd -o FSTYPE' by sudo."
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echo " If no filesystems are detected and the program"
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echo " has no superuser power, the device is not advised."
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echo " If -DO_WRITE is given, run umount and dd by sudo."
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echo " -image_file PATH Set the path of the image file which shall be"
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echo " written to a device. Its size will be set as"
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echo " -min_size."
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echo " -DO_WRITE Write the given -image_file to the one advisable"
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echo " device that is found. If more than one such device"
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echo " is found, then they get listed but no writing"
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echo " happens. In this case, re-run with one of the"
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echo " advised device names to get a real write run."
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echo " -dummy Report the -DO_WRITE actions but do not perform"
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echo " them."
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echo " -dummy_force If a single device name is given, do a run of"
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echo " -dummy -DO_WRITE even against the advice of"
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echo " this program. This probably shows you ways to"
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echo " shoot your own foot."
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echo " -help Print this text to stdout and then end the program."
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echo "Examples:"
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echo " $0 -with_sudo -list_all"
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echo " $0 sdc"
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echo " $0 -with_sudo -image_file debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso -DO_WRITE"
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echo " $0 -with_sudo -image_file debian-live-10.0.0-amd64-xfce.iso -DO_WRITE -plug_test"
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echo
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}
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# Roughly convert human readable sizes and plain numbers to 1 / million
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round_down_div_million() {
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sed \
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-e 's/^[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]$/0/' \
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-e 's/^[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]$/0/' \
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-e 's/^[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]$/0/' \
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-e 's/^[0-9][0-9][0-9]$/0/' \
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-e 's/^[0-9][0-9]$/0/' \
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-e 's/^[0-9]$/0/' \
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-e 's/\.[0-9]*//' \
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-e 's/[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]$//' \
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-e 's/[Mm]$//' \
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-e 's/[Gg]$/000/' \
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-e 's/[Tt]$/000000/'
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}
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### Assessing arguments and setting up the job
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# Settings
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reset_job() {
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list_all=
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show_reasons=
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look_for_iso=
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devs=
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devs_named=
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max_size=
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with_vendor_model=
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with_sudo=
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image_file=
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do_write=
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dummy_run=
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dummy_force=
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do_plug_test=
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# Status
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sudo_cmd=
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have_su_power=
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}
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arg_interpreter() {
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next_is=
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for i in "$@"
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do
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# The next_is option parameter readers get programmed by the -options
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if test "$next_is" = "max_size"
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then
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max_size="$(echo "$i" | round_down_div_million)"
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next_is=
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elif test "$next_is" = "min_size"
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then
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min_size="$(echo "$i" | round_down_div_million)"
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min_size="$(expr $min_size + 1)"
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next_is=
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elif test "$next_is" = "image_file"
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then
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image_file="$i"
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min_size="$(stat -c '%s' "$i" | round_down_div_million)"
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if test -z "$min_size"
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then
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echo "FAILURE: Cannot obtain size of -image_file '$i'" >&2
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exit 13
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else
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min_size="$(expr $min_size + 1)"
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fi
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next_is=
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elif test "$i" = "-list_all"
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then
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list_all=y
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with_vendor_model=y
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show_reasons=y
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elif test "$i" = "-plug_test"
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then
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do_plug_test=y
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elif test "$i" = "-max_size"
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then
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next_is="max_size"
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elif test "$i" = "-min_size"
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then
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next_is="min_size"
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elif test "$i" = "-with_vendor_model"
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then
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with_vendor_model=y
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elif test "$i" = "-look_for_iso"
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then
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look_for_iso=y
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elif test "$i" = "-with_sudo"
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then
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with_sudo=y
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elif test "$i" = "-image_file"
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then
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next_is="image_file"
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elif test "$i" = "-dummy"
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then
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dummy_run=y
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elif test "$i" = "-dummy_force"
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then
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dummy_run=y
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do_write=y
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dummy_force=y
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elif test "$i" = "-DO_WRITE"
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then
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do_write=y
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elif test "$i" = "-help"
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then
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print_usage
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exit 0
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elif echo "$i" | grep -v '^-' >/dev/null
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then
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num=$(echo "$i" | wc -w)
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if test "$num" = 1
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then
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devs_named=y
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devs="$devs $i"
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show_reasons=y
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else
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echo "$0 : Given device name is not a single word: '$i'" >&2
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exit 12
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fi
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else
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echo "$0 : Unknown option: $i" >&2
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echo >&2
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print_usage >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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done
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# Predict superuser power. Possibly enable sudo with lsblk -o FSTYPE and dd.
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if test "$(whoami)" = "root"
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then
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have_su_power=y
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elif test -n "$with_sudo"
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then
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echo "Testing sudo to possibly get password prompting done now:" >&2
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if sudo "$lsblk_cmd" -h >/dev/null
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then
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echo "sudo $lsblk_cmd seems ok." >&2
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echo >&2
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sudo_cmd=sudo
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have_su_power=y
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else
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echo "FAILURE: Cannot execute program $lsblk_cmd by sudo" >&2
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exit 11
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fi
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fi
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}
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## Obtain a blank separated list of top-level names which do not look like
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## CD, floppy, RAM dev, or loop device.
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collect_devices() {
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"$lsblk_cmd" -d -n -o NAME \
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| grep -v '^sr[0-9]' \
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| grep -v '^fd[0-9]' \
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| grep -v '^zram[0-9]' \
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| grep -v '^loop[0-9]' \
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| tr '\n\r' ' '
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}
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## Trying to find the desired device by watching plug-in effects
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plug_in_watcher() {
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found_devices=
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echo >&2
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echo "Caused by option -plug_test: Attempt to find the desired device" >&2
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echo "by watching it appear after being plugged in." >&2
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echo >&2
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echo "Step 1:" >&2
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echo "Please make sure that the desired target device is plugged _out_ now." >&2
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echo "If it is currently plugged in, make sure to unmount all its fileystems" >&2
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echo "and then unplug it." >&2
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echo "Press the Enter key when ready." >&2
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read dummy
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old_device_list=' '$(collect_devices)' '
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# <<< Mock-up to save USB socket wear-off by erasing items from old_device_list
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# <<< Their presence in new_device_list will let them appear as fresh plugs
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# old_device_list=' '$(echo -n $old_device_list | sed -e 's/sdc//')' '
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echo "Found and noted as _not_ desired: $old_device_list" >&2
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echo >&2
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echo "Step 2:" >&2
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echo "Please plug in the desired target device and then press the Enter key." >&2
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read dummy
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echo -n "Waiting up to 10 seconds for a new device to be listed ..." >&2
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end_time="$(expr $(date +'%s') + 10)"
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while test $(date +'%s') -le "$end_time"
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do
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new_device_list=' '$(collect_devices)' '
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if test "$old_device_list" = "$new_device_list"
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then
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sleep 1
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echo -n '.' >&2
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else
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for i in $new_device_list
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do
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if echo "$old_device_list" | grep -F -v ' '"$i"' ' >/dev/null
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then
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found_devices="$found_devices $i"
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fi
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# Break the waiting loop
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end_time=0
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done
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fi
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done
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echo >&2
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if test -z "$found_devices"
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then
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echo "SORRY: No new candidate device was found." >&2
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return 8
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fi
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num=$(echo $found_devices | wc -w)
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if test "$num" -gt 1
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then
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echo "SORRY: More than one new candidate device appeared: $found_devices" >&2
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return 9
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fi
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echo "Found and noted as desired device: $found_devices" >&2
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if test -n "$devs"
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then
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echo "(-plug_test is overriding device list given by arguments: $devs )" >&2
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fi
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if test -n "$list_all"
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then
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echo "(-plug_test is overriding -list_all)" >&2
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list_all=
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fi
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devs_named=y
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with_vendor_model=y
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show_reasons=y
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devs=$(echo -n $found_devices)
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echo >&2
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return 0
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}
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## Evaluation of available devices and suitability
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list_devices() {
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if test -n "$list_all"
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then
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devs=
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fi
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if test -z "$devs"
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then
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# Obtain list of top-level names which do not look like CD, floppy, RAM dev
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devs=$(collect_devices)
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fi
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not_advised=0
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for name in $devs
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do
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# Collect reasons
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yucky=
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reasons=
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good_trans=
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good_fs=
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bad_trans=
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bad_fs=
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# Unwanted device name patterns
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if (echo "$name" | grep '^sd[a-z][1-9]' >/dev/null) \
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|| (echo "$name" | grep '^mmcblk.*p[0-9]' >/dev/null) \
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|| (echo "$name" | grep '^nvme.*p[0-9]' >/dev/null)
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}looks_like_disk_partition- "
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elif echo "$name" | grep '^sr[0-9]' >/dev/null
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}looks_like_cd_drive- "
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elif echo "$name" | grep '^fd[0-9]' >/dev/null
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}looks_like_floppy- "
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elif echo "$name" | grep '^loop[0-9]' >/dev/null
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}looks_like_loopdev- "
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elif echo "$name" | grep '^zram[0-9]' >/dev/null
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}looks_like_ramdev- "
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fi
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# >>> recognize the device from which Debian Live booted
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# Connection type. Normally by lsblk TRAN, but in case of mmcblk artificial.
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if echo "$name" | grep '^mmcblk[0-9]' >/dev/null
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then
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transports="mmcblk"
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elif echo "$name" | grep -F "/" >/dev/null
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then
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echo "NOTE: The device name must not contain '/' characters" >&2
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transports=not_an_expected_name
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reasons="${reasons}name_with_slash- "
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else
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transports=$("$lsblk_cmd" -n -o TRAN /dev/"$name")
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fi
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for trans in $transports
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do
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if test "$trans" = "usb" -o "$trans" = "mmcblk"
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then
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good_trans="${trans}+"
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elif test -n "$trans"
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then
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bad_trans="$trans"
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yucky=y
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if test "$transports" = "not_an_expected_name"
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then
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dummy=dummy
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else
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if echo "$reasons" | grep -F -v "not_usb" >/dev/null
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then
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reasons="${reasons}not_usb- "
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fi
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fi
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fi
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done
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if test -z "$good_trans" -a -z "$bad_trans"
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}no_bus_info- "
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elif test -z "$bad_trans"
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then
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reasons="${reasons}$good_trans "
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fi
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# Wanted or unwanted filesystem types
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fstypes=$($sudo_cmd "$lsblk_cmd" -n -o FSTYPE /dev/"$name")
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if test "$?" -gt 0
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then
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fstypes="lsblk_fstype_error"
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fi
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# Get overview of filesystems
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has_iso=
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has_vfat=
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has_other=
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for fstype in $fstypes
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do
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if test "$fstype" = "iso9660"
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then
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has_iso=y
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if echo "$good_fs" | grep -F -v "has_$fstype" >/dev/null
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then
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good_fs="${good_fs}has_${fstype}+ "
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fi
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elif test "$fstype" = "vfat"
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then
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has_vfat=y
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if echo "$good_fs" | grep -F -v "has_$fstype" >/dev/null
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then
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good_fs="${good_fs}has_${fstype}+ "
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fi
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elif test -n "$fstype"
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then
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has_other=y
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if echo "$bad_fs" | grep -F -v "has_$fstype" >/dev/null
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then
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bad_fs="${bad_fs}has_${fstype}- "
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fi
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fi
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done
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# Decide whether the found filesystems look dispensible enough
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reasons="${reasons}${good_fs}${bad_fs}"
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if test "${bad_fs}${good_fs}" = "" -a -z "$have_su_power"
|
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then
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}no_fs_while_not_su- "
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elif test -n "$look_for_iso"
|
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then
|
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if test -n "$has_iso"
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then
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reasons="${reasons}look_for_iso++ "
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else
|
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yucky=y
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reasons="${reasons}no_iso9660- "
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fi
|
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elif test -n "$has_other"
|
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then
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yucky=y
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fi
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|
# Optional tests for size
|
|
if test -n "$max_size" -o -n "$min_size"
|
|
then
|
|
size=$("$lsblk_cmd" -n -b -o SIZE /dev/"$name" | head -1 | round_down_div_million)
|
|
if test -z "$size"
|
|
then
|
|
yucky=y
|
|
reasons="${reasons}lsblk_no_size- "
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
if test -n "$max_size" -a -n "$size"
|
|
then
|
|
if test "$size" -gt "$max_size"
|
|
then
|
|
yucky=y
|
|
reasons="${reasons}size_too_large- "
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
if test -n "$min_size" -a -n "$size"
|
|
then
|
|
if test "$size" -lt "$min_size"
|
|
then
|
|
yucky=y
|
|
reasons="${reasons}size_too_small- "
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Now decide overall and report
|
|
descr=
|
|
if test -n "$with_vendor_model"
|
|
then
|
|
descr=": "$("$lsblk_cmd" -n -o VENDOR,MODEL /dev/"$name" | tr '\n\r' ' ' | tr -s ' ')
|
|
fi
|
|
if test -n "$yucky"
|
|
then
|
|
if test -n "$show_reasons"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "$name : NO : $reasons$descr"
|
|
fi
|
|
not_advised=1
|
|
else
|
|
if test -n "$show_reasons"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "$name : YES : $reasons$descr"
|
|
else
|
|
echo "$name"
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
## Puts list of mounted (sub-)devices of $1 into $mounted_devs
|
|
list_mounted_of() {
|
|
partitions=$("$lsblk_cmd" -l -n -p -o NAME /dev/"$1" \
|
|
| grep -v '^'/dev/"$1"'$' \
|
|
| tr '\n\r' ' ')
|
|
mounted_devs=
|
|
for i in /dev/"$1" $partitions
|
|
do
|
|
# Show the found mount lines and add their device paths to list
|
|
mount_line=$(mount | grep '^'"$i"' ')
|
|
if test -n "$mount_line"
|
|
then
|
|
echo " $mount_line"
|
|
mounted_devs="$mounted_devs $i"
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
## Does the work of unmounting and dd-ing
|
|
write_image() {
|
|
|
|
if test -z "$umount_cmd"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "No executable program umount found in: $sudo_x_dir_list" >&2
|
|
return 6
|
|
fi
|
|
echo "Looking for mount points of $2:"
|
|
mounted_devs=
|
|
list_mounted_of "$2"
|
|
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_force"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "AGAINST THE ADVICE BY THIS PROGRAM, a daring user could do:"
|
|
dummy_run=y
|
|
elif test -n "$dummy_run"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "Would do if not -dummy:"
|
|
fi
|
|
if test -n "$mounted_devs"
|
|
then
|
|
for i in $mounted_devs
|
|
do
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_run"
|
|
then
|
|
echo " $sudo_cmd $umount_cmd $i"
|
|
else
|
|
if $sudo_cmd "$umount_cmd" "$i"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "Unmounted: $i"
|
|
else
|
|
echo "FAILURE: Non-zero exit value with: $sudo_cmd $umount_cmd $i" >&2
|
|
return 7
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
# Check again if any mount points still exist
|
|
if test -z "$dummy_run"
|
|
then
|
|
list_mounted_of "$2"
|
|
if test -n "$mounted_devs"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "FAILURE: $sudo_cmd $umount_cmd could not remove all mounts: $mounted_devs" >&2
|
|
return 7
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
if test -z "$dd_cmd"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "No executable program dd found in: $sudo_x_dir_list" >&2
|
|
return 6
|
|
fi
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_run"
|
|
then
|
|
echo " $sudo_cmd $dd_cmd if='${1}' bs=1M of=/dev/'${2}' ; sync"
|
|
else
|
|
echo "Performing:"
|
|
echo " $sudo_cmd $dd_cmd if='${1}' bs=1M of=/dev/'${2}' ; sync"
|
|
$sudo_cmd "$dd_cmd" if="${1}" bs=1M of=/dev/"${2}" ; sync
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# >>> ??? Erase possible GPT backup table at end of device ?
|
|
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_force"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "BE SMART. BE CAUTIOUS. BEWARE."
|
|
fi
|
|
return 0
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# main()
|
|
|
|
reset_job
|
|
arg_interpreter "$@"
|
|
|
|
if test -n "$do_plug_test"
|
|
then
|
|
plug_in_watcher
|
|
ret=$?
|
|
if test "$ret" -ne 0
|
|
then
|
|
exit $ret
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
list_devices
|
|
if test -n "$list_all"
|
|
then
|
|
dummy=dummy
|
|
elif test -n "$do_write"
|
|
then
|
|
with_vendor_model=
|
|
show_reasons=
|
|
candidates=$(list_devices | tr '\n\r' ' ')
|
|
num_cand=$(echo $candidates | wc -w)
|
|
num_devs=$(echo $devs| wc -w)
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_force" -a "$num_devs" -ne 1
|
|
then
|
|
echo "SORRY: Refusing -dummy_force with not exactly one device given." >&2
|
|
exit 10
|
|
fi
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_force" -a -n "$dummy_run" -a "$num_cand" -ne 1
|
|
then
|
|
# -dummy_force in a situation where the program would normally refuse
|
|
echo
|
|
echo "Overriding any advice because of -dummy_force"
|
|
candidates="$devs"
|
|
num_cand=1
|
|
elif test -n "$dummy_force"
|
|
then
|
|
# Downgrade -dummy_force to -dummy in order to avoid the ugly warning
|
|
dummy_force=
|
|
dummy_run=y
|
|
fi
|
|
if test "$num_cand" -eq 1
|
|
then
|
|
if test -n "$image_file"
|
|
then
|
|
if test -n "$do_plug_test"
|
|
then
|
|
echo >&2
|
|
echo "Step 3:" >&2
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_run"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "This would be the last chance to abort. Enter the word 'yes' to see -dummy report." >&2
|
|
else
|
|
echo "Last chance to abort. Enter the word 'yes' to start REAL WRITING." >&2
|
|
fi
|
|
read dummy
|
|
if test "$dummy" = "yes" -o "$dummy" = "'yes'" -o "$dummy" = '"yes"'
|
|
then
|
|
dummy=dummy
|
|
else
|
|
echo "WRITE RUN PREVENTED by user input '$dummy'." >&2
|
|
exit 12
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
write_image "$image_file" $candidates
|
|
exit $?
|
|
else
|
|
if test -n "$dummy_run"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "Would simulate writing to /dev/$candidates if an -image_file were given."
|
|
else
|
|
echo "Would write to /dev/$candidates if an -image_file were given."
|
|
fi
|
|
exit 0
|
|
fi
|
|
elif test "$num_cand" -gt 1
|
|
then
|
|
echo "WILL NOT WRITE ! More than one candidate found for target device:" >&2
|
|
show_reasons=y
|
|
with_vendor_model=y
|
|
devs="$candidates"
|
|
list_devices >&2
|
|
echo "HINT: Unplug the unwanted devices from the machine," >&2
|
|
echo " or work with option -plug_test," >&2
|
|
echo " or add the desired name out of {$(echo $candidates | sed -e 's/ /,/g')} as additional argument." >&2
|
|
exit 3
|
|
else
|
|
if test -n "$devs_named"
|
|
then
|
|
echo "NO CANDIDATE FOR TARGET DEVICE AMONG THE GIVEN NAMES !" >&2
|
|
else
|
|
echo "NO CANDIDATE FOR TARGET DEVICE FOUND !" >&2
|
|
fi
|
|
echo "Overall available devices:" >&2
|
|
list_all=y
|
|
show_reasons=y
|
|
with_vendor_model=y
|
|
list_devices >&2
|
|
exit 4
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
if test -n "$devs"
|
|
then
|
|
exit $not_advised
|
|
fi
|
|
|