Documented MBR partitions and GUIDs

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Thomas Schmitt 2012-05-08 19:46:03 +02:00
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@ -375,13 +375,15 @@ Byte Range | Value | Meaning
446 - 509 | ========== | Partition table 446 - 509 | ========== | Partition table
| | | |
446 - 461 | part_entry | Partition table entry 1 describing ISO image size 446 - 461 | part_entry | Partition table entry 1 describing ISO image size
| | starting at LBA 0. I.e. contrary to tradition. | | rounded up to the next full MiB. The partition starts
| | at LBA 0. (I.e. contrary to tradition.)
| | See above for partition table entry format. | | See above for partition table entry format.
| | | |
462 - 509 | 0 | Unused partition entries 2 to 4 462 - 509 | 0 | Unused partition entries 2 to 4
510 - 511 | 0xaa55 | MBR signature 510 - 511 | 0xaa55 | MBR signature
---------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------- ---------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------
The ISO image file gets padded up to the next full MiB.
hpa about MBR templates and partition table filesystem types: hpa about MBR templates and partition table filesystem types:
@ -404,6 +406,7 @@ Sources:
http://opensource.apple.com/source/IOStorageFamily/IOStorageFamily-116/IOApplePartitionScheme.h (typedef struct Block0) http://opensource.apple.com/source/IOStorageFamily/IOStorageFamily-116/IOApplePartitionScheme.h (typedef struct Block0)
http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=376123&seqNum=3 http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=376123&seqNum=3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID
syslinux-4.05/utils/isohybrid.c syslinux-4.05/utils/isohybrid.c
>>> Motivation: What systems will use the additional data ? amd64 UEFI ? >>> Motivation: What systems will use the additional data ? amd64 UEFI ?
@ -450,6 +453,8 @@ The following 32 bytes from block 0 of an Apple Partiton Map (APM) are such
harmless code. They stem from Fedora-LiveCD.iso by Matthew Garret: harmless code. They stem from Fedora-LiveCD.iso by Matthew Garret:
45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
It is a constant that does not depend on any properties of the ISO image or
the information that is described in the following text.
The layout of a Block0 of an APM is: The layout of a Block0 of an APM is:
@ -470,6 +475,7 @@ Byte Range | Value | Meaning (all numbers are stored big endian)
(The block_count of 0x9090 is pure fantasy. It shall only mark the disc as (The block_count of 0x9090 is pure fantasy. It shall only mark the disc as
not empty.) not empty.)
For the purpose of booting, there may be two EFI boot image files in the For the purpose of booting, there may be two EFI boot image files in the
ISO image. A VFAT image and a HFS+ image. The content of both is not in the ISO image. A VFAT image and a HFS+ image. The content of both is not in the
scope of this document. scope of this document.
@ -481,6 +487,30 @@ partition entries 2 and 3, which thus claim blocks inside of partition 1.
This partition nesting is acceptable to some EFI implementations only if the This partition nesting is acceptable to some EFI implementations only if the
type of partition 1 is 0x00. type of partition 1 is 0x00.
The MBR partition entry number 1 is
80 00 01 00 00 3f a0 89 00 00 00 00 00 50 14 00
It marks the partition as bootable, starting at block 0, with a size that
is the smallest full MiB not smaller than the ISO image size + 18 KiB.
(The 18 KiB are needed for the GPT backup.)
The ISO image has a size of 332362 blocks of 2K = 1329448 * 512 = 649.14 MiB.
The partition size is 0x145000 = 1331200 * 512 = 650 MiB.
Start C/H/S = 0/0/1, type is 0x0 ("Empty"), end C/H/S is 649/63/32.
Partition 2:
00 fe ff ff ef fe ff ff a4 00 00 00 70 04 00 00
Start block is 0xa4 = 164 * 512 = 41 * 2048. The VFAT image file.
Partition size is 0x0470 = 1136 * 512. The size of that file.
Start C/H/S = 1023/254/63, type 0xef (fdisk says: "EFI (FAT-12/16/"),
end C/H/S = 1023/254/63.
>>> ??? why are the C/H/S values so far out ?
Partition 3:
00 fe ff ff 00 fe ff ff 44 05 00 00 c0 08 00 00
Start block is 0x0544 = 1348 * 512 = 337 * 2048. The HFS+ image file.
Partition size is 0x08c0 = 2240 * 512. The size of that file.
Start C/H/S = 1023/254/63, type 0x00 ("Empty"), end C/H/S = 1023/254/63.
>>> ??? why are the C/H/S values so far out ?
The second 512-block in the ISO image is a GPT header. The second 512-block in the ISO image is a GPT header.
@ -501,14 +531,13 @@ Byte Range | Value | Meaning (little endian numbers, LBA unit is 512 byte)
20 - 23 | reserved | = 0 20 - 23 | reserved | = 0
24 - 31 | curr_lba | Location of this header block = 0x1 24 - 31 | curr_lba | Location of this header block = 0x1
32 - 39 | back_lba | Location of header backup block = 0x144ffe = 1331198 32 - 39 | back_lba | Location of header backup block = 0x144ffe = 1331198
>>> ??? That is 437.5 2K-blocks after the image end | This is 1 KiB before the end of MBR partition 1.
>>> ??? which is at 332362 (* 4 = 1329448) >>> ??? why 1 KiB and not 512 bytes ?
>>> ??? 1 MiB alignment ?
40 - 47 | first_lba | First usable LBA for partitions = 0x30 = 48 40 - 47 | first_lba | First usable LBA for partitions = 0x30 = 48
48 - 55 | last_lba | Last usable LBA for partitions = 0x144fde = 1331166 48 - 55 | last_lba | Last usable LBA for partitions = 0x144fde = 1331166
56 - 71 | guid | Disk GUID / UUID = { 56 - 71 | guid | Disk GUID
| | 0x73, 0x23, 0xc8, 0x79, 0x19, 0xe6, 0x97, 0x4d, | | Random, produced by uuid_generate(),
| | 0x95, 0x17, 0x69, 0x30, 0xc5, 0x38, 0xe2, 0x99 } | | 32,16,16 byte swapped
72 - 79 | part_start | Partition entries start LBA = 0x10 = 16 = byte 0x2000 72 - 79 | part_start | Partition entries start LBA = 0x10 = 16 = byte 0x2000
| | (This is unusual. It leaves room for the Apple | | (This is unusual. It leaves room for the Apple
| | partition map entries.) | | partition map entries.)
@ -525,11 +554,17 @@ chosen so that the CRC of 0 bytes of input is 0x00000000.
The least significant bits of input bytes get processed first. I.e. bit0 of The least significant bits of input bytes get processed first. I.e. bit0 of
the last input byte gets mapped to x exp (7 + 32), bit7 of this byte gets the last input byte gets mapped to x exp (7 + 32), bit7 of this byte gets
mapped to x exp (0 + 32). mapped to x exp (0 + 32).
The resulting division residue gets bit mirrored. E.g. bit0 becomes bit31, The resulting division residue gets bitwise mirrored. E.g. bit0 becomes bit31,
bit1 becomes bit30, and so on. Further it gets exored with 0xffffffff. bit1 becomes bit30, and so on. Further it gets exored with 0xffffffff.
A GUID consists of a 32-bit integer, two 16-bit integers, and an array of
The ISO image has a size of 332362 blocks of 2K = 1329448 blocks of 512. 8 bytes. The integers are to be stored big-endian.
A globally registered class GUID are the partition type GUIDs.
This example uses two of them
Basic data partition: a2 a0 d0 eb , e5 b9 , 33 44 , 87 c0 68 b6 b7 26 99 c7
HFS+ partition : 00 53 46 48 , 00 00 , aa 11 , aa 11 00 30 65 43 ec ac
Note that the wikipedia list shows the first 32-bit word and the next two
16-bit words in little-endia interpretation.
Because the block size was announced as 2048, the first Apple partition map Because the block size was announced as 2048, the first Apple partition map
@ -631,8 +666,12 @@ A GPT partion entry looks like:
Byte Range | Value | Meaning (numbers are stored little endian) Byte Range | Value | Meaning (numbers are stored little endian)
---------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------- ---------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------
0 - 15 | type_guid | Partition type guid = random 0 - 15 | type_guid | Partition type guid = Basic data partition
16 - 31 | part_guid | Unique partition GUID = random | | Wikipedia: "EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7"
| | (Note: The first three words are shown byte swapped)
16 - 31 | part_guid | Unique partition GUID
| | Random, produced by uuid_generate()
| | 32,16,16 byte swapped
32 - 39 | start_lba | First LBA = 0 32 - 39 | start_lba | First LBA = 0
40 - 47 | end_lba | Last LBA (inclusive) = 0x144828 = 1329448 40 - 47 | end_lba | Last LBA (inclusive) = 0x144828 = 1329448
| | This is the ISO image size in blocks of 512. | | This is the ISO image size in blocks of 512.
@ -659,6 +698,7 @@ Next entry is at 0x2800 = 10240:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Partition type GUID : "EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7" = Basic data
Start at block 0xa4 = 164 * 512 = 41 * 2048. The VFAT image file. Start at block 0xa4 = 164 * 512 = 41 * 2048. The VFAT image file.
Last block is 0x0513 = 1299 = 164 + 1135. This end is correct. Last block is 0x0513 = 1299 = 164 + 1135. This end is correct.
>>> The name is an unintentional patchwork in an 8 bit character set. >>> The name is an unintentional patchwork in an 8 bit character set.
@ -676,6 +716,7 @@ Next entry at byte 0x02100 = 8448:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Partition type GUID : "48465300-0000-11AA-AA11-00306543ECAC" = HFS+
Start block is 0x0544 = 1348 * 512 = 337 * 2048. The HFS+ image file. Start block is 0x0544 = 1348 * 512 = 337 * 2048. The HFS+ image file.
Last block is 0x0e03 = 3587 = 1348 + 2239. Correct. Last block is 0x0e03 = 3587 = 1348 + 2239. Correct.
>>> Frankenstein's name, again. >>> Frankenstein's name, again.
@ -683,6 +724,35 @@ Last block is 0x0e03 = 3587 = 1348 + 2239. Correct.
The rest of the System Area is 0 up to the Primary Volume Descriptor The rest of the System Area is 0 up to the Primary Volume Descriptor
at block 16. at block 16.
The ISO image file gets padded up to full MiB with sufficient room for the GPT
backup which is stored near the very end of the image file. There is need for
at least 16.5 KiB, which effectively occupy 18 KiB.
The backup partition array is stored 17 KiB before the end of MBR partition 1
resp. the image file.
>>> why not 16.5 KiB before end ? Wikipedia suggests "LBA -33" counted from end.
The content of the partition arry is the same as the one of the primary array
at byte 0x4000.
The GPT header is stored 1 KiB before the end of MBR partition 1.
>>> why not 512 byte before end ? Wikipedia suggests "LBA -1" counted from end.
45 46 49 20 50 41 52 54 00 00 01 00 5c 00 00 00
E F I P A R T
f6 61 10 1c 00 00 00 00 fe 4f 14 00 00 00 00 00
01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
de 4f 14 00 00 00 00 00 73 23 c8 79 19 e6 97 4d
95 17 69 30 c5 38 e2 99 de 4f 14 00 00 00 00 00
80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 5b 6b 8a 65
It differs by its own CRC and by some of its parameters:
Own address is 0x144ffe. The backup lba is 0x01 = Primary GPT header.
Partition entries start is 0x144fde
>>> This overlaps with the last usable LBA. The backup GPT must move up by
>>> 512 bytes.
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