Clarified drives and their addresses
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@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ cdrskin \- burns preformatted data to CD-R or CD-RW via libburn.
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.\" \fI<whatever>\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics,
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.\" respectively.
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.PP
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\fBcdrskin\fP is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options in a compatible way.
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You don't need to be root to use it.
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\fBcdrskin\fP is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options
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in a compatible way.
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You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage.
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.PP
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.B Overview of features:
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.br
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@ -46,21 +47,17 @@ Bus scan, burnfree, speed options, retrieving media info, padding, fifo.
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.br
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See section EXAMPLES at the end of this text.
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.PP
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.B Known deficiencies:
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.br
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No DVD support yet.
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.PP
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.B Track recording model:
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.br
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The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks.
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A track stores a stream of bytes.
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A \fBtrack\fP stores a stream of bytes.
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.br
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Each track is initiated by one track source address argument, which may either
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be "-" for standard input or the address of a readable file. If no write mode
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is given explicitely then one will be chosen which matches the peculiarities
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of track source and the state of the output media.
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.PP
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There can be more than one track burned by a single run of cdrskin.
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More than one track can be burned by a single run of cdrskin.
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CDs can be kept appendable so that further tracks can
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be written to them in subsequent runs of cdrskin (see option -multi).
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Info about the addresses of burned tracks is kept in a table of
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@ -71,15 +68,15 @@ In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio. They differ in
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sector size, throughput and readability via the systems' CD-ROM drivers
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resp. by music CD players.
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.br
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If not explicitely option -audio is given, then any track is burned as data
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unless the track source is a file with suffix ".wav" or ".au" and has a
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If not explicitely option -audio is given, then any track is burned as type
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data, unless the track source is a file with suffix ".wav" or ".au" and has a
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header part which identifies it as MS-WAVE resp. SUN Audio with suitable
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parameters. Such files are burned as audio tracks by default.
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.PP
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While audio tracks just contain a given time span of acoustic vibrations,
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data tracks may have an arbitray meaning. Nevertheless, ISO-9660 filesystems
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are established as a format which can represent a tree of directories and
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data files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images can be
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files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images can be
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produced by programs mkisofs or genisoimage. They can also be extended by
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follow-up tracks if prepared properly. See the man pages of said programs.
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cdrskin is able to fulfill the needs about their option -C.
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@ -99,6 +96,37 @@ CD-RW media can be blanked to make them re-usable for another
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round of overwriting. Blanking damages the previous content but does not
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make it completely unreadable. It is no effective privacy precaution.
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Multiple cycles of blanking and overwriting with random numbers might be.
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.PP
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.B Drive preparation and addressing:
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.br
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The drives, either CD burners or DVD burners, are accessed via addresses which
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are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed
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by a run of \fBcdrskin --devices\fP.
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.br
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On Linux, they are device files which traditionally do not offer
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w-permissions for normal users. Because libburn needs rw-permission,
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it might be only the superuser who is able to get this list without further
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precautions.
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.br
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It is consensus that \fBchmod a+rw /dev/sg0\fP or \fBchmod a+rw /dev/hdc\fP
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is less security sensitive than chmod u+s /usr/bin/cdrskin. The risk for the
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drive is somewhat higher but the overall system is much less at stake.
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.br
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.PP
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If you only got one CD capable drive then you may leave out cdrskin option
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\fBdev=\fP. Else you should use this option to address the drive you want.
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.br
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cdrskin option dev= not only accepts the listed addresses but also
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traditional cdrecord SCSI addresses which on modern Linux consist of three
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numbers: Bus,Target,Lun. There is also a related address family "ATA" which
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accesses IDE drives not under control of Linux SCSI drivers:
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ATA:Bus,Target,Lun.
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.br
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See option -scanbus for getting a list of cdrecord style addresses.
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.br
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Further are accepted on Linux: links to libburn-suitable device files,
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device files which have the same major and minor device number,
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and device files which have the same SCSI address parameters (e.g. /dev/sr0).
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.br
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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@ -153,18 +181,20 @@ Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed
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to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio.
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.TP
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.BI dev= target
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Sets the (pseudo-)SCSI address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
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X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus, ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with
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options dev=ATA -scanbus, the device file addresses listed with
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option --devices , volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0").
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Sets the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the
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the addresses listed with option --devices,
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X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus,
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ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options dev=ATA -scanbus,
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and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0").
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Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive might work too.
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.br
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If no dev= is given, volatile address "dev=0" is assumed. That is the first
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drive found being available. Better avoid this on multi-drive systems.
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drive found being available. Better avoid this ambiguity on systems with more
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than one drive.
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.br
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The special target "help" lists hints about available addressing formats.
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Be aware that option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr changes the meaning of
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Bus,Target,Lun addresses.
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Be aware that deprecated option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr may change the meaning
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of Bus,Target,Lun addresses.
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.TP
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.BI driveropts= opt
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Set "driveropts=burnfree" to enable the drive's eventual protection mechanism
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@ -355,10 +385,10 @@ not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options.
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Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan.
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.TP
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.BI \--devices
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List the device file addresses of all accessible drives. In order to get
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listed a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may
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not be busy.
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Busy drives are reported as "SORRY" messages on standard error.
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List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives. In order to get
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listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may
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not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle drives listed and
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busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages.
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.br
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Each available drive gets listed by a line containing the following fields:
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.br
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@ -366,10 +396,6 @@ Number dev='Devicefile' rw-Permissions : 'Vendor' 'Model'
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.br
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Number and Devicefile can both be used with option dev=, but number is
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volatile (numbering changes if drives become busy).
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Normal users might not see all drives unless the superuser enabled access
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by chmod o+rw
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after using cdrskin --devices to get an overview of the situation.
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That's why current rw-Permissions are listed.
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.TP
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.BI fifo_start_at= size
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Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number
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