Polished xorriso man page
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.\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps
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.\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection
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.\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1)
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.TH XORRISO 1 "November 11, 2007"
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.TH XORRISO 1 "November 14, 2007"
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.\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage.
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.\"
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.\" Some roff macros, for reference:
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@ -61,11 +61,16 @@ Provides navigation commands for interactive ISO image manipulation.
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.br
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Session model
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.br
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Creating, Growing, Modifying
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.br
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Libburn drives
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.br
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Rock Ridge, POSIX, X/Open
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.br
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Command processing
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.sp 1
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Maybe you first want to have a look at section EXAMPLES near the end of
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this text before reading the next few hundred lines of background information.
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.SS
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.B Session model:
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.br
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@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ The data content of the session is called filesystem
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The written image in its session can then be mounted by the operating system
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for being used read-only. Linux is able to mount ISO images from block devices,
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which may represent optical media, other media or via a loop device even
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regular disk files.
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from regular disk files.
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.PP
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This session usage model has been extended on CD media by the concept of
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.B multi-session ,
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@ -97,25 +102,27 @@ The multi-session model of the MMC standard applies to CD-R[W], to DVD-R, to
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certain states of DVD-RW, and to DVD+R. But it does not apply to overwriteable
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MMC media like DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, formatted DVD-RW, and of course not to disk
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files or non-CD/DVD block devices.
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.br
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Program growisofs by Andy Polyakov showed how to extend this functionality
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to overwriteable media or disk files which carry valid ISO 9660 filesystems.
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These two expansion methods are referred as \fBgrowing\fR in this text.
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.br
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xorriso provides both ways of growing as well as an own method which produces
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a completely new ISO image from the old one and the modifications.
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See below.
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xorriso provides both ways of growing as well as an own method named
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\fBmodifying\fR which produces a completely new ISO image from the old
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one and the modifications. See next paragraph for details.
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.PP
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xorriso adopts the concept of session by loading an eventual image directory
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tree, allowing to manipulate it by several actions, and to write the new
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image to the target media.
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xorriso adopts the concept of multi-session by loading an eventual image
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directory tree, allowing to manipulate it by several actions, and to write
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the new image to the target media.
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.br
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The first session of a xorriso run begins by the definition of the input
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drive with the eventual ISO image and ends by command -commit which triggers
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writing. A -commit is done automatically when the program ends regularly.
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drive with the eventual ISO image or by the definition of an output file.
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The session ends by command -commit which triggers writing. A -commit is
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done automatically when the program ends regularly.
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.PP
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After -commit a new session begins. A new input drive can only be chosen
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as long as the loaded ISO image was not altered.
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Pending alteration can be revoked by command -rollback.
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After -commit a new session begins with the freshly written one as input.
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A new input drive can only be chosen as long as the loaded ISO image was
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not altered. Pending alteration can be revoked by command -rollback.
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.PP
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Writing a session to the target is supposed to be very expensive in terms of
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time and of consumed space on appendable or write-once media. Therefore all
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@ -124,30 +131,56 @@ session.
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.br
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In some special situations (e.g. in a file-to-file situation) it can be
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useful to store intermediate states and to continue with image manipulations.
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.SS
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.B Creating, Growing, Modifying
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.br
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A new empty ISO image gets created if there is no input drive with a valid
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ISO 9660 image plus Rock Ridge extensions when the first time an output drive
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is defined. This is achieved by option -dev on blank media or by option -outdev
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on media in any state.
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.br
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The new image can be populated with directories and files.
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Before it can be written, the media in the output drive must get into
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blank state if it was not blank already.
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.PP
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The unique xorriso method of \fBmodifying\fR produces compact filesystem
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images with no waste by outdated data blocks and it can write modified images
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to target media which are completely unsuitable for multi-session operations.
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E.g. fast blanked DVD-RW, named pipes, character devices, sockets.
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It is important to note that modified sessions can be written to blank
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media only.
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If there is a input drive with a valid ISO image, then this image gets loaded
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as foundation for manipulations and extension. The constellation of input
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and output drive determines which of two write methods will be used.
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They have quite different capabilities and constraints.
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.PP
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The method of \fBgrowing\fR adds new data to the existing media. These
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data comprise of eventual new file content and they override the existing
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ISO 9660 + Rock Ridge directory tree. It is possible to hide files from
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previous sessions but they still exist on media and with many types of
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optical media it is quite easy to recover them by mounting older sessions.
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.br
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Growing is achieved by option -dev.
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.PP
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The write method of \fBmodifying\fR produces compact filesystem
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images with no outdated files or directory trees. Modifying can write its
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images to target media which are completely unsuitable for multi-session
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operations. E.g. fast blanked DVD-RW, named pipes, character devices, sockets.
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On the other hand modified sessions cannot be written to appendable media
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but to blank media only.
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.br
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Modifying takes place whenever input drive and output drive are not the same.
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See options -dev, -indev, -outdev.
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This is achieved by options -indev and -outdev.
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.br
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So for this method one needs either two optical drives or has to work with
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filesystem objects as source and/or target media.
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.SS
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.B Libburn drives:
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.br
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Source of an existing ISO image can be any random access readable libburn
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drive: optical media with readable data, regular files, block devices.
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Input drive, i.e. source of an existing ISO image, can be any random access
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readable libburn drive: optical media with readable data, regular files,
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block devices.
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.br
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RockRidge info must be present in existing ISO images and it will be generated
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Rock Ridge info must be present in existing ISO images and it will be generated
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by the program unconditionally.
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.PP
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Target for writing can be any libburn drive.
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Output drive, i.e. target for writing, can be any libburn drive.
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Some drive types do not support the method of growing but only the method
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of modifying.
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of modifying. They all are suitable for newly created images.
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.br
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All drive file objects have to offer rw-permission to the user of xorriso.
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Even those which will not be useable for reading an ISO image.
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@ -229,7 +262,7 @@ make a pattern symbol literal.
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When the program begins then it first looks for its startup files and
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eventually reads their content as command input lines. Then it interprets
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the program arguments as commands and parameters and finally it enters
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dialog mode if command -dialog was executed up to then.
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dialog mode if command -dialog "on" was executed up to then.
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.PP
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The program ends either by command -end, or by the end of program arguments
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if not command -dialog was encountered up to that moment, or by a problem
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@ -479,11 +512,10 @@ Defined modes are:
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"fast" and "all" make CD-RW and unformatted DVD-RW re-usable,
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or invalidate overwriteable ISO images.
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"deformat" converts overwriteable DVD-RW into unformatted ones.
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"deformat_quickest" is faster but produces media which are
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only suitable for a single session. xorriso will write onto
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them only if option -close is set to "on".
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"deformat_quickest" is a faster way to deformat or blank DVD-RW
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but produces media which are only suitable for a single session.
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xorriso will write onto them only if option -close is set to "on".
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.br
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The progress reports issued by some drives while blanking are
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quite unrealistic. Do not conclude success or failure from the
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reported percentages. Blanking was successful if no FATAL or
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@ -519,7 +551,7 @@ like with program mkisofs.
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.TP
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.B Settings for result writing:
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.TP
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RockRidge info will be generated by the program unconditionally.
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Rock Ridge info will be generated by the program unconditionally.
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.TP
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? \fB\-J\fR
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Generate Joliet info additional to Rock Ridge info.
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@ -807,10 +839,10 @@ Add the files from hard disk directories /home/me/sounds and /pictures.
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Omit some unwanted stuff by removing it from the image directory tree.
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Re-add some wanted stuff.
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.br
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Because no -dialog "on" is given the program will then end by committing the
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Because no -dialog "on" is given, the program will then end by committing the
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session to media.
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.br
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\fB$\fR xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \\
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\fB$\fR xorriso -outdev /dev/sr2 \\
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-blank fast \\
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-graft-points \\
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-add \\
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@ -834,6 +866,10 @@ with addresses from the hard disk.
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-graft-points is already given as start argument. The other activities
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are done as dialog input. The pager gets set to 20 lines of 80 chracters.
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.br
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The drive is aquired by option -dev rather than -outdev in order to see
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the message about its current content. By option -blank this content is
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made ready for being overwritten and the loaded ISO image is made empty.
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.br
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In order to be able to eject the media, the session needs to be committed
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explicitely.
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.br
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@ -868,12 +904,13 @@ enter option and arguments :
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.B \-commit -eject all -end
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.br
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.SS
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.B Modifying an existing ISO image
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.B Manipulating an existing ISO image on the same media
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Load image from drive.
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Remove (i.e. hide) directory /sounds and its subordinates.
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Rename directory /pictures/confidential to /pictures/restricted.
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Change access permissions of directory /pictures/restricted.
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Add dummy as replacement of /pictures/confidential.
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Add new directory tree /movies. Burn to DVD and eject.
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Add new directory tree /movies. Burn to the same DVD and eject.
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.br
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\fB$\fR xorriso -dev /dev/sr2 \\
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-rm_r /sounds -- \\
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@ -887,8 +924,21 @@ Add new directory tree /movies. Burn to DVD and eject.
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/sounds=/home/me/prepared_for_dvd/sounds_dummy \\
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/movies=/home/me/prepared_for_dvd/movies \\
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-- \\
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-commit \\
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-eject all
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-commit -eject all
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.SS
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.B Copy modified ISO image from one media to another
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Load image from input drive. Do the same manipulations as in the previous
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example. Aquire output drive and blank it. Burn the modified image as
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first and only session to the output drive.
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.br
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\fB$\fR xorriso -indev /dev/sr2 \\
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-rm_r /sounds -- \\
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...
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/movies=/home/me/prepared_for_dvd/movies \\
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-- \\
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-outdev /dev/sr0 \\
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-blank fast \\
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-commit -eject all
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.SS
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.B Examples of input timestrings
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.br
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@ -938,7 +988,7 @@ Other programs which produce ISO 9660 images
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.BR mkisofs(8),
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.BR genisoimage(8)
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.TP
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Other programs which burn images to optical media
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Other programs which burn sessions to optical media
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.BR growisofs(1),
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.BR cdrecord(1),
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.BR wodim(1),
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